more on culture… subcultures and countercultures

More on Culture…More on Culture…Subcultures and Countercultures

SubcultureSubcultureA cultural subgroup differentiated

by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on each member◦“Hicks” as a subculture?◦Cliques within the student population

as subcultures

CountercultureCountercultureA culture, especially of young

people, with values or lifestyle in opposition to those of the established culture

Seeks to change the dominant culture

The 1920sThe 1920sAfter WWI, the birth of new social,

sexual, and musical freedoms produced a countercultural backlash that resulted in the clashing of racial identities, gender roles, and ethnic disturbances◦ Women asserting independence

“Flappers”

◦ Prohibition and reaction against it◦ Jazz and racial issues

The 1930sThe 1930s

DepressionClass war?

◦ Sacco and Vanzetti (anarchy, controversial trial)

◦ Bonnie and Clyde (outlaws)

◦ Woody Guthrie (folk music, revolutionary, ‘this land is your land’)

The 1940sThe 1940s

Well…

The 1950sThe 1950s

Post WWIISociety generally

conservative, rigid◦ Military influence? Cold War

beginning?Reactionary movements

◦ Civil rights Rosa Parks Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. Black Panther Party (60s)

◦ The Beat movement

The Beat MovementThe Beat Movement

JazzDrugsSexual experimentationRejection of materialismKey figures

◦ Jack Kerouac (On the Road)◦ Allen Ginsberg

The 1960sThe 1960sChildren who grew up in the

repressive 50s react against itReaction against escalating cold

war and VietnamWomen’s liberation movement

◦Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique◦“The Pill” and implications

HippiesHippies

More drugs◦ Marijuana◦ LSD

Dr. Timothy Leary Performed LSD

experiements Turn on, Tune in, drop

out Ken Kesey

Acid Tests and the Merry Pranksters

HippiesHippies

Questioning Authority◦ “Don’t Trust Anyone

Over 30”Anti-war movement

◦ Protests◦ Draft Dodgers

MusicMusic

Protest Music◦ Bob Dylan

Psychedelic Music◦ Jimi Hendrix◦ The Grateful

Dead

The 70s – 80sThe 70s – 80s

Not much in terms of counterculture◦ Reaction against

counterculture movement of 60s?

LGBT movement◦ Harvey Milk

The Punk Movement◦ Anti-establishment, anti-

authority, etc.◦ Sex Pistols, Ramones,

Clash, Dead Boys

The 1990sThe 1990s

EnvironmentalismAnti-globalization

movement◦ Reaction to

America’s foreign policy

◦ WTO/IMF/World BankMusical

background◦ Punk, Folk◦ Rage Against the

Machine◦ Grung

The 2000sThe 2000sReaction to war in Iraq/war on

terror/Bush –era policies?What are contemporary

counterculture movements?Will we ever see such a massive,

relatively uniform counterculture movement, like we did in the 60s, again?