motivational interviewing
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Motivational Interviewing
Chapter 4What is Motivational Interviewing?
What is Motivational Interviewing?
There is a fundamental spirit of MI that is much more important than any particular set of techniques
Important aspects of that spirit include collaboration, evocation and autonomy
Collaboration• The counselor avoids an authoritarian
one-up stance, instead communicating a partner-like relationship.
• Exploration and support rather than persuasion or argument
Evocation• The interviewers tone is not one of
imparting things (such as wisdom, insight, reality) but rather of eliciting, or finding these things within and drawing them out from the person
Evocation• It is not an instilling or installing but, rather,
an eliciting, a drawing out of motivation from the person
Autonomy• Responsibility for change is left with the
client• Respect is shown for the individual's
autonomy
AutonomyWhen motivational interviewing is done
properly, it is the client rather than the counselor who presents the arguments for change
There are four general principles of Motivational Interviewing
1. Express empathy2. Develop discrepancy3. Roll with resistance4. Support self-efficacy
Express Empathy• A client-centered and empathic counseling
style is one fundamental and defining characteristic of motivational interviewing
• The counselor seeks to understand the client's feelings and perspectives without judging, criticizing, or blaming
Express Empathy• Acceptance is not the same thing as
agreement or approval• The crucial attitude is a respectful listening
to the person with a desire to understand his or her perspective
Express Empathy• The attitude of acceptance and respect
builds a working therapeutic alliance and supports the client's self-esteem, which further promotes change.
Develop Discrepancy• Motivational interviewing is intentionally
directive -- directed toward the resolution of ambivalence in the service of change
Develop Discrepancy• Motivational interviewing is specifically
directed toward getting people unstuck, helping them move past ambivalence toward positive behavior change
Develop Discrepancy• A second general principle of motivational
interviewing is thus to create and amplify, from the client's perspective, a discrepancy between present behavior and his or her broader goals and values.
Develop Discrepancy• If the behavior gap is very large, it can
decrease motivation by diminishing confidence
Develop Discrepancy• When skillfully done, motivational
interviewing changes the person's perceptions (of discrepancy) without creating any sense of being pressured or coerced.
Develop Discrepancy• People are often more persuaded by what
they hear themselves say than by what other people tell them.
Roll With Resistance• Resistance that a person offers can be
turned or reframed slightly to create a new momentum toward change
Roll With Resistance• In motivational Interviewing one does not
directly oppose resistance but, rather, rolls or flows with it
Roll With Resistance• What to do about a problem, if anything, is
ultimately an individual decision• It is not the counselor's job to provide all
the answers and generate all the solutions
Roll With Resistance• It is assumed that the person is a capable
and autonomous individual, with important insight and ideas for the solution of his or her own problems
Roll With Resistance• Resistance is an interpersonal
phenomenon, and how the counselor responds will influence whether it increases or diminishes
Support Self-Efficacy• Hope and faith are important elements of
change• A general goal of motivational interviewing
is to enhance the client's confidence in his or her capability to cope with obstacles and to succeed in change
Support Self-Efficacy• A person may also be encouraged by the
success of others or by his or her own past successes in changing behavior
Summary• It is vital to understand the overall spirit
and underlying assumptions of the method• Motivational interviewing is a skillfull
clinical method, not a set of techniques that can be easily learned
SummaryMotivational interviewing is more than a set
of techniques for doing counseling. It is a way of being with people.
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