municipal solid waste

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Management & Practices

Er. Chinmoy ChakrabortyAsssitant Engineer (Mech)

Agartala Municipal Corporation

What is MSW

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbage consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food

What is MSW

habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tones of solid waste, in 2012 it is about 160 million tones. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Municipal Solid Waste does have four broad category-Organic, Toxic, Recyclable, BMW.

What is MSW

Organic Waste : kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits etc.

Toxic Waste : Old medicines, paints, chemicals,

bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer pesticide containers, batteries

etc. Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics. BMW : Hospital waste such as cloth

soiled with blood and other body fluids.

Approximate Decomposition Time of Waste Type of Waste Degeneration Time

Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc. a week or two.

Paper 10–30 days Cotton cloth 2–5 months

Wood 10–15 years

Woolen items 1 year

Tin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans 100–500 years

Plastic bags one million years

Glass bottles undetermined

Management for MSW

Management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal, monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetic. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances.

Management for MSW

Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

Open Dumping Open Dumping

Compost (14%)98 % 30%

7.0

Transfer Station(Compaction)

Transfer Station(Compaction)

Resource Recovery

Transfer Station

SANITARY LANDFILL

NH4

Ground Water

16.0

Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic

56%

MSW Management

Scientific Dumping Scientific Dumping

OPEN GROUND

Disposal & Processing

MSW rules 2000 clearly specifies “DISPOSAL” in terms of the specified manner so as to prevent contamination of ground water, surface water and ambient air quality. ULB’s responsibility is to adopt suitable technology of combination of technologies to make use of waste so as to minimize the burden of landfill.

Disposal & Processing

Few Technology Options:

Technology Status Sanitary Landfill with recovery of organic waste

A good option. Most of the Ulbs are adopting this option.

Vermiculture Practical for small volume of waste. Large area is required.

Power Generation through bio-methanation

Can be used for source segregated food waste with low CN ratio

An aerobic digestion for organic manure

There is a risk factor of waste water discharge

Modern Sanitary Landfill

Landfill Structure Disposal and Processing

Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities1.Approach Roads 2.Weigh Bridge 3.Administrative Building & Laboratory4.Site Drainage 5.Leachate Collection & Treatment 6.Landfill Gas Collection 7.Monitoring Network

Disposal and Processing

Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly covered condition by using Compactors etc. All carried waste are initially be stacked on concrete yard protected by surrounding drainage system. Entire quantity of waste collected passes through the processes -

Sanitization

Disposal and Processing

Bioconversion & value enhancement Segregation of recyclable item Bio degradable waste (moisture content <

20%) finally goes to mechanical plant Mechanical plant does have certain process

where further segregation is done while waste moves through different sizes trommel/scanner.

Disposal and Processing

Trenching Method Anaerobic Enclosed Hall Method Closed Box or Tunnel Method Windrow Composting with weekly turning for aeration either by lifting ,shifting or turning

Disposal and Processing Types of Compost

Disposal and Processing

Compost Plant with Trommel & Conveyor

Disposal and Processing

After the composting process is over the rejects are taken to the Landfill in which no. of cells are made to run for a certain period. The base liner of each cell at initial layer is a composite liner comprising of 50 cm highly compacted soil. Over this a Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is used to prevent ground water pollution.

Landfill

Disposal and Processing

A 1.5 mm HDPE Geo membrane is placed over the GCL. Leachate collection system is placed over the Geo-membrane with other additional layers of Gravel, Geo Textile etc. to make it perfectly impermeable.

Landfill

Disposal and Processing Closure

After the Landfill Cell is fully filled up it is to be properly capped. The various layers are placed on the waste as gravel of 200 mm thick, soil layer 600 mm thick, 1 mm thick HDPE liner. Over that a 150 mm gravel layer is placed as a drainage layer then a soil layer of 400 mm thick is placed for vegetation, plantation etc. for a pleasing look

Disposal and Processing

Landfill site after Scientific Closure

Primary Collection Road Sweeping D2D Collection Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa. Handling of other waste

Construction Debris Drainage silt

Disposal and processing

Technical Steps for handling MSW :

Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking Waste Segregation Waste Processing Compost Plant Sanitary Landfill with Leachate Treatment. Handling of BMW. Education & Awareness

Disposal and Processing

Technical Steps for handling MSW :

AN OVERVIEW OF SWM OF AGARTLA

Source of Waste Generation Quantity/Day

Household 80 MT/Day

Street Littering 15 MT/Day

Hotels & Restaurants 20 MT/Day

Vegetable Market 30 MT/Day

Other Commercial Establishment 15 MT/Day

Total 250 MT/Day

Statistics

Parameters Quantity in percentage

Weight in Tons

Compostable organics 72.5 182.25

Recyclable 2.8 7.00

Metal & Glass 1.50 3.75

Plastics 6.50 16.25

Inerts & Others 16.70 41.75

Total 250.00

Statistics

Primary Collection NGOs to collect household waste generally

kitchen waste from the household bins (distributed to house hold from AMC’s end) and transport through tricycle van/ auto tipper to dispose off primarily in the community bins of capacity 1.1/4.5 cum available in the main roads

No of NGOs- 20

User Charge per Household : Rs. 30 PM

Collection & Transportation

Primary Collection Hotel, restaurants and other commercial

establishments are also covered in door to door collection.

No of NGOs : 01

User Charge : Rs. 250 PM All vegetable markets are also covered by NGOs

No of NGOs : 10

Collection & Transportation

1.1 cum & 4.5 Cum container

Collection & Transportation

Secondary Collection

Collection & Transportation

Refuse Compactor 8 cum Refuse Compactor 14 cum

Collection & Transportation

Secondary Collection

Refuse Collector 8 cum Dumper Placer

Collection & Transportation

Secondary Collection

Auto Tipper Sweeping Machine

600 nos. 1.1 cum container and 60 nos. 4.5 cum metallic community bins are placed across the city.

21 nos. refuse compactor to transport waste from 1.1 cum capacity CB.

6 nos. dumper placer for transportation of waste from 4.5 cum capacity CB.

18 open tipper truck for transportation of waste 10 nos. mini auto tipper are in the service of

door to door collection

Collection & Transportation

Most of the vehicles movement are tracked with GPS system namely vehicle tracking system introduced in the year 2012.

To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time

De-siltation is being done using 2 nos. De-silting Machines comprising 4 dump tanks. Work is in progress for covered and un covered drains.

Collection & Transportation

BMW (Bio Medical Waste) is collection done through 02 nos. specialized vehicle from 65 nos. of hospitals, pathological labs, clinic and incinerated in out incinerator at Hapania.

To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time.

Collection & Transportation

Desilting Machine

Collection & Transportation

Skid Steer Loader & Back Hoe Loader

Collection & Transportation

Collection & Transportation BMW Collection-Transportation Vehicle –Processing in Incinerator

20 nos. TATA Ace based hopper type mini tipper will shortly be inducted in the door to service which will be made departmental activity to ensure cent percent D2D collection across the whole AMC area .

Setting of “Design, Build and Operate basis 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant is in progress at Devendra Chandra Nagar.

02 nos. new 14 cum refuse compactor will be inducted in the service.

Latest Initiatives

THANK YOU