nasa seawifs dynamics of calanus finmarchicus resting populations in the gulf of maine whitley...

NASA SeaWiFS

Dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus RestingPopulations in the Gulf of Maine

Whitley SaumweberUniversity of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography

Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus

Temperature (C)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-70.5 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -67 -66.5 -66

Longitude

40.5

41

41.5

42

42.5

43

43.5

44

Latti

tude

Tem perature at z = 60m , August 2001

JB

W B GBNEC

SS

SW

-70.5 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -67 -66.5 -66

Longitude

40.5

41

41.5

42

42.5

43

43.5

44

Latti

tude

Tem perature at z = 199m , August 2001

JB

W B GBNEC

SS

SW

Two Survivorship Models

Ingvarsdottir et al (1999)• Z = Wt Specific Respiration• Ct = Total Carbon Weight• Ct = Coe(ln(1-z)*t)

• 70% Total C is Storage C• Death occurs at Ct/Co = 0.3• No inclusion of C reserve for spring molt or reproduction

Two Respiration Models for C. finmarchicus

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150 200

Days

Ingvarsdottir Miller

Two Respiration Models for C. finmarchicus at 5ºC

Miller• Ct+1 = Ct-(Z*Cs)• 70% Total C is Storage C• Death occurs at Ct/Co = 0.3• No inclusion of C reserve for spring molt or reproduction

Station Key Abr. # Depth

June Cruise C1  

August Cruise C2  

Slope Water SW S1  

Northeast Channel NEC S2  

Scotian Shelf SS S3  

Georges Basin GB S4  

Jordan Basin JB S5  

Wilikinson Basin WB S6  

Shallow Net N3 0-100m

Deep Net N1150m-Bottom

Longitude (W)

Lat

itud

e (N

)

-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°40°

41°

42°

43°

44°

45°

S S

G B

J B

W B

N E C

S W

Cruise Stations, June 2001 – August 2001

NRtot eWW

.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)

RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration

.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998

t = time (days)

3.0max

FW

Wt“Death” occurs when

)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves

Prosome

PL = 2.4mm

Urosome

Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus

Prosome Length

ASL

Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus

Cylindrical Approximation

OSV = (SLπD2)/4

D = A/SL

Oil Sac Volume

LAD Quantile (0.95) Regression For OSV Vs. Length

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1.75 1.95 2.15 2.35 2.55 2.75 2.95

Length (m m )

Oil

Sac

Vo

lum

e (m

m^

3)

LAD (0.95) Reg Top %5 Data All Data

Apparent Maximum (AM)Oil Sac Volume

NRtot eWW

.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)

RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration

.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998

t = time (days)

3.0max

FW

Wt“Death” occurs when

)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves

Predicted Vs. Actual N Wt.

R2 = 0.8945

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 10 20 30 40 50

Measured Wt. N (ug)

Pre

dict

ed W

t. N

(ug

)

1:1 Line

Pred N = a(Length^3)+b(OSV)+c

NRtot eWW

.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)

RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration

.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998

t = time (days)

3.0max

FW

Wt“Death” occurs when

)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves

-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°

40°

41°

42°

43°

44°

45°

GeorgesBank

ScotianShelf

GeorgesBasin

JordanBasin

W ilkinsonBasin Northeast

Channel

SlopeW ater

The Gulf of Maine

Lat

itud

e (N

)

Longitude (W)

MOCNESS Johnson Sea Link II

Incubation Methods

At Sea: Winkler Titration

5 Sample Bottles2 Control Bottles

Incubate in the DarkAt In Situ Temp.

24 – 48 Hrs

Fix Sample and Titrate

Animals Picked For Exp.Immediately After Capture

30 Animals/Bottle1 Animal/10ml

On Shore: MicroOxymax Gas Analyzer

Animals Kept in Culture on ShoreAt 12 animals/L

Allowed to acclimate to Exp. TempFor 48 Hrs

6 Sample Bottles4 Control Bottles

Incubated for 48 HrsHead Space Sampled Every 12Hrs

Animals Picked For Exp.10 Animals/Bottle

1 Animal/10ml

Log R Vs. T

y = 0.0711x + 1.9566

R2 = 0.8172

y = 0.0494x + 2.3928

R2 = 0.9998

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

T (C)

Lo

g R

(u

mo

l O2/

gN

/hr)

OxyMax Winkler

Q10 = 5.14

Q10 = 3.12

Log R Vs. T

y = 0.0711x + 1.9566

R2 = 0.8172

y = 0.0459x + 2.0683

y = 0.0494x + 2.3928

R2 = 0.9998

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

T (C)

Log

R (u

mol

O2/

gN/h

r)

OxyMax Winkler

Q10 = 2.88

Q10 = 5.14

Q10 = 3.12

NRtot eWW

.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)

RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration

.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998

t = time (days)

3.0max

FW

Wt“Death” occurs when

)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

T (C )

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3Le

ngth

(m

m)

Maximum Survival Time By Length and Temperature

Survival T

ime (days)

0

60

120

180

240

300

360

420

480

Maximum Potential Survival Time For An Animal 2.6mm In Length

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

T (C)

Su

rviv

al T

ime

(day

s)

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In August 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In June 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In August 2001

Survival T

ime (days)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In August 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In June 2001

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

Leng

th (

mm

)

Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In August 2001

Survival T

ime (days)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

June Pred Aug Obs Aug

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Gross G Net G

Summary

J A new Nitrogen Specific Respiration Model has been developed for diapausing stage C5 C. finmarchicus.

J The Model predicts a maximum survival time of four to five months for animals resting in the Western Gulf of Maine.

J Application of the model to animals observed during the summer of 2001 suggests that significant mortality accrues by August.

JPredicted mortality is lower in Jordan than in Wilkinson Basin because animals in Jordan Basin had relatively more lipid reserves.

JSummer mortality is more than offset by large additions to the resting population of smaller, and presumably younger, animals.

NASA SeaWiFS

Acknowledgements:Ted DurbinMaria CasasBob CampbellMary-Lynn DicksonMarsh Youngbluth

ccd

W

cd

WF

t

o

max*ln

Where d and c represent components of functions for R and N

Model Solution

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

June Pred Aug Obs Aug

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Gross G Net G

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship for Jordan and Wilkinson Basins Combined

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

June Obs. August Pred. Aug

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan and Wilkinson Basins Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Gross G Net G

-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°

40°

41°

42°

43°

44°

45°

GeorgesBank

ScotianShelf

GeorgesBasin

JordanBasin

W ilkinsonBasin Northeast

Channel

SlopeW ater

The Gulf of Maine

Lat

itud

e (N

)

Longitude (W)

3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0

% A M

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3Le

ngth

(m

m)

Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001

Survival T

ime (days)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

June Pred Aug Obs. Aug

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Gross G Net G

Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

G

Gross G Net G

Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3

Length (mm)

#/m

^3

June Pred Aug Obs Aug