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Seventh International Conference on
INFORMATICS AND URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
Planning Support Tools: Policy Analysis, Implementation and Evaluation
Cagliari, 10 – 12 Maggio 2012
Assessment of Public Programs
Evaluation of structural funds programs of the
European Union. The study case of Reggio Calabria: European Union. The study case of Reggio Calabria:
two different seasons, two different leadership, and
two different groups of results.
Francesca Nicolò
TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS PROGRAMS ON
URBAN FORM, PROCESS AND EVOLUTION IN THE CITY OF REGGIO
CALABRIA
synonymous with marginality, URBAN DECAY, backwardness,
UNAUTHORIZED BUILDING, welfarism, INEFFICIENCY of the Public
Administration and of essential public services, MAFIA, resignation and
STANDING TOWN?
AAIMIM OFOF THETHE PAPERPAPER
STANDING TOWN?
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or synonymous with a reality that could be the center of the
Mediterranean, SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE,
growth contrary to expectations, MOVEMENTS AGAINST MAFIA, and
REDISCOVERED CAPACITY ON PLANNING?
SUMMARYSUMMARY
� The study case: the city of Reggio Calabra
� Urban framework
� Evaluation of structural funds programs
� Methodological notes
� Round 1994-1999
� Rounds 2000-2006, 2007-2013
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� Rounds 2000-2006, 2007-2013
� Final reflections
� Evolution/involution of the local capacity on planning
� Two different city models
A SINGULAR, AND AT THE SAME TIME, A CENTRAL PLACE
Because of:
- the physical space within which it is placed (on one hand the Massive
Aspromonte, on the other the Strait of Messina);
- its history of South Italy centre: it was a greek colony (Reghion), founded around
the 8th century b.C., but it has been hit several times by earthquakes (1783,
1908);
- its social and economic problems which reflect, and in part exacerbate, regional
TTHEHE CITYCITY OFOF RREGGIOEGGIO CCALABRIAALABRIA
- its social and economic problems which reflect, and in part exacerbate, regional
trends such as those related to:
- youth unemployment (67,4%);
- failure to take off in the industrial sector;
- difficult conversion of the economy towards tourism (focused only during
the summer, inadequate links).
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TTHEHE CITYCITY OFOF RREGGIOEGGIO CCALABRIAALABRIA: : URBANURBAN FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK
A DEVELOPMENT ALWAYS FOREORDAINED TO UTOPIAN PROJECTS NEVER FULLY
UNDERSTOOD: THE “GREAT REGGIO” (1920), THE NEW GENERAL PLAN (1970),
THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF THE STRAIT (2009).
THE CONSEQUENCE: 3.000.000 CUBIC METERS OF HOUSING BUILT ILLEGALLY
which means:
- absence of forms of control in site selection;
- absence of quality of building tipologies;
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- an urban landscape made by block houses and “unfinished”;
- absence of essential public services and relation spaces;
- difficulties in connecting the different parts of the territory;
-increase in pollution (air and marine).
UURBANRBAN FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK: : ANALYZEDANALYZED INITIATIVESINITIATIVES ANDAND NEWNEW DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
PATHSPATHS
1975-1989APPROVAL OF THE
GENERAL PLAN AND
1975-2011: INITIATIVES MULTIPLY AND INTERTWINE THEMSELVES WITH
INNOVATIONS FROM THE LEGISLATIVE POINT OF VIEW.
1989-2001
THE REGGIO DECREE AND THE FIRST ROUND OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS:
L.246/89, REGGIO DECREE
URBAN, 1994
LACIO GAVE INTEGRA, 1997
CDQ TREMULINI-BORRACE, 1998
TERRITORIAL PACT FOR THE AREA OF THE STRAIT, 2001
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2008- 2011TOWARDS THE SP, AND NEW URBAN
POLICIES:
PLAN FOR THE PROVINCE, 2008
REGIUM WATERFRONT, 2009
REGIONAL TERRITORIAL PLAN, 2009
GENERAL PLAN AND
UNAUTHORIZED
BUILDING
2002-2007
SECOND ROUND OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND INITIATIVES:
L.19/2002, REGIONAL PLANNING LAW
PSU, 2002
RIURB RAVAGNESE, 2003
BEGINNING OF THE ITER FOR THE SP, 2004
PIT 22, 2005
STRATEGIC PLAN, 2007
THE TERRITORIALIST APPROACH TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
“Without going into the conceptual and terminological differences […] is
immediately clear that local development is seen not only as a process of growth
of an industry or aggregation of local companies, but as a process of territorial
development, based on sustainable exploitation of tangible and intangible
resources present in a certain territory, which also involves social and cultural
sphere and subjects’ self-organization ability” (Dematteis, Governa, 2005).
EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS__METHODOLOGICALMETHODOLOGICAL NOTESNOTES
ISSUES CONSIDERED:ISSUES CONSIDERED:
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ISSUES CONSIDERED:ISSUES CONSIDERED:
• GOALS
• PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS
• VISION OF THE TERRITORY
• DEPARTURE CONDITIONS
•MOBILISED RESOURCES
• ROLE OF THE PROJECT WITH RESPECT TO OTHER PROGRAMS
• TERRITORIAL IMPACTS
VILLA SAN GIUSEPPE
EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS: : ROUNDROUND 19941994--19991999
�TERRITORIAL PACT FOR THE AREA OF THE STRAIT
GALLICO
CATONA
S.CATERINA
TREMULINI
CENTRO
STORICO
GEBBIONE-
SBARRE
RAVAGNESE-ARANGEA
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URBAN- Northen suburbs
LACIO GAVE – Southern suburbs
VILLA SAN GIUSEPPE
EEVALUATIONVALUATION OFOF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL FUNDSFUNDS PROGRAMSPROGRAMS: : ROUNDSROUNDS 20002000--2006, 2006, 20072007--20132013
� PIT 22_INTEGRATED DISTRICT
� STRATEGIC PLAN 2007-2013
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GALLICO
CATONA
S.CATERINA
TREMULINI
CENTRO
STORICO
GEBBIONE-
SBARRE
RAVAGNESE-ARANGEA
PSU
RROUNDOUND 19941994--19991999:: THETHE FIRSTFIRST MAYORSMAYORS’’ SEASONSEASON ANDAND THETHE ““REGGIOREGGIO
SPRINGSPRING”” ASAS AA DISRUPTIVEDISRUPTIVE ELEMENTELEMENT INTOINTO AA PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE DISINTEGRATIONDISINTEGRATION
MECHANISMMECHANISM OFOF THETHE CITYCITY
POSITIVE RESULTS NEGATIVE ELEMENTS
GOALS: recovery of degraded areas, social integration, the Straits city
PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS: Institutions, Academic world, business
organizations, Third sector, private citizens, ‘ndrangheta
VISION OF THE TERRITORY: positive despite the extreme decay and marginality
MOBILISED RESOURCES: all, tangible and intangible
TERRITORIAL IMPACTS: positive and found in most
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POSITIVE RESULTS
�Growth of local administration;
� Rapprochement of citizens to local
authority;
� Greater sinergy between public and
private subjects.
NEGATIVE ELEMENTS
� Urban: the case of the Park
Ecolandia;
�Wrecked attempt of general
variant to PRG (1995).
RROUNDSOUNDS 20002000--2006, 20072006, 2007--2013: 2013: THETHE RREGGIOEGGIO MMODELODEL, , THETHE DEFECTSDEFECTS OFOF
THETHE ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION CHANGECHANGE..
GOALS: recovery of the whole municipal territory, social integration,
enhancement of the role of the city within the Mediterranean basin
PROMOTER AND INVOLVED SUBJECTS: Institutions, Academic world, business
organizations, Third sector, private citizens, ‘ndrangheta
VISION OF THE TERRITORY: positive despite the extreme decay and marginality
MOBILISED RESOURCES: all, tangible and intangible
TERRITORIAL IMPACTS: not detectable considering the ongoing state of projects
POSITIVE RESULTS
� Growth of local
administration;
NEGATIVE ELEMENTS
� Absence of knowledge of overall city
problems;
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administration;
� Greater sinergy between
public and private subjects.
problems;
�Absence of a strategic developmen vision;
�Patronage in the construction of the arena
decision;
� Inability to manage the vast area;
�Absence of corrective and general variants to
PRG;
� Persistence of urban decay and social
problems.
FFINALINAL REFLECTIONSREFLECTIONS__11:: EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION//INVOLUTIONINVOLUTION OFOF THETHE LOCALLOCAL
CAPACITYCAPACITY ONON PLANNINGPLANNING
1975-1989
1989-2001
THE GENERAL
THE “REGGIO SPRING”
1989-2011: INITIATIVES MULTIPLY BUT THEY BECOME A DODGE TO FIND
ADDITIONAL PUBLIC RESOURCES , EVEN IF, TODAY, A NEW POSSIBLE PATH OF
DEVELOPMENT OPENS: LAW N.19/2002, THE NEW STRUCTURAL PLAN AND THE
PROVINCIAL PLAN.
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2008- 2011
1975-1989
2002-2007
THE GENERAL
PLAN AND THE
WILD
URBANIZATION
CONFIRMATION OF ALL THE
STEREOTYPES ON SOUTH ITALY
TOWARDS THE
STRUCTURAL PLAN, AND
NEW URBAN POLICIES
FFINALINAL REFLECTIONSREFLECTIONS_2: _2: TWOTWO DIFFERENTDIFFERENT CITYCITY MODELSMODELS
THE MODEL OF THE SPRING
1989-2001
THE REGGIO MODEL
2002-2011
…so city that is/where:
- home of ephemeral entertainment;
RC - SUSTAINABLE CITY
..so city that is/that:
- home of legalty and antimafia
movements;
- alternative, multicultural and
owned;
RC - EMBLEM OF A “QUESTION”
THAT PASSES TROUGH THE
FRAGILITY OF THE ACTORS OF THE
GOVERNMENT AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF
TRANSFORMATIONS
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- home of ephemeral entertainment;
- already inherent problems persist
and aggravate themselves;
- suburb of the suburbs.
- invests for its future on young
people and training;
- takes care of its urban
environment.
THE QUESTION IS: WHICH OF THE TWO MODELS WILL BE REPEATED NOW THAT
THE CYCLE OF STRUCTURAL FUNDS 2007-2013 IS RUNNING OUT?
Thanks for attention
Any questions?
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