october 28, 2009 xexam 2 on monday, nov. 2 äcovers material in ch. 7, 9-12 xpresentations begin...
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October 28, 2009October 28, 2009
Exam 2 on Monday, Nov. 2Covers material in Ch. 7, 9-12
Presentations begin Nov. 9 (Monday)
Climate map shows human impacts
A map designed to show the predicted effects of a 4°C rise in global average temperature has been unveiled by the UK government. It shows a selection of the impacts of climate change on human activity. These include extreme temperatures, drought, effects on water availability, agricultural productivity, the risk of forest fire and sea level rise. According to the Department of Energy and Climate Change, agricultural yields would be expected to decrease for all major cereal crops in all major regions of production. In addition, half of all Himalayan glaciers will be significantly reduced by 2050, leading to 23% of the population of China being deprived of the vital dry season glacial meltwater.
Energy Energy Resources Resources (Ch. (Ch.
14)14)
coal
gas
oil
nuclear
hydro
http://www.greenvalhalla.com/2007/11/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122main.html
http://www.ecofuels.ca/~ecofuels/alternatives/index.php
World Consumption
World Production
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_refininghttp://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/calgary/topics/fuels_e.php
Fossil Fuels: Oil and Gas Composition? Formation?
Rapid burial; organic matterChemical reactions due to heat/pressure
• heavy oils, light oils and gas• refining process
Fossil Fuels: Oil and Gas
Petroleum depositsRocks
• Source rocks• Reservoir rocks• Cap rocks
SeepsTraps
Nonrenewable
http://www.consrv.ca.gov/dog/kids_teachers/Seeps/seep1/Pages/photo_01.aspx
Oil and Gas Reserves Reserves generally declining
In US, oil supplies 40% of energy, gas 25%
Strategic Petroleum Reserve• Prudhoe Bay, ANWR, NPRA
World Gas Reserves (proven)
http://www.arabianbusiness.com/blogs/tag/oilhttp://www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/gas/market.htmhttp://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/fossil_fuels/fossil_fuels.html
Future Prospects More exploration
Deepwater discoveries• Jack (5 mi depth), Big Foot, St. Malo fields
Enhanced recovery of reservesThermal (steam)Pressurized gases (CO2)Surfactants
http://www.canopetro.com/technology.asphttps://www.llnl.gov/str/November01/Kirkendall.htmlhttp://www.scandoil.com/moxie-bm2/news/mustang-awarded-feed-for-chevron-jack-st-malo-deep.shtml
Alternate Oil Resources (Unconventionals)
Oil Shale (kerogen)U.S. has 2/3 world supplyNot used because:
• Not financially competitive• Waste rock
– Strip mining
• Water shortage– Reclamation of land
– Current technology
Tar SandProblems similarCanada mining
• Huff-n-puff
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