oilseedrape pests in norway · –87 % spring rape ... *, dbm*, turnipsawfly* cabbageseed pod...
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Oilseed rape pests in Norway
Nina Svae Johansen, Annette Folkedal, Gunda Thöming, Wendy Waalen
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås Norway
OILSEED RAPE PRODUCTION
– Mainly in South‐East Norway
– 4160 ha
– 87 % spring rape – 2/3 spring oilseed rape– 1/3 spring turnip rape
– 13 % winter oilseed rape
2
PESTS
3
Regular• Pollen beetles (Brassicogethes/Meligethes
spp.)
• Flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp)
Occasional• Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) • Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae)• Turnip seed weevil (Ceutorrhynchus
obstrictus =C. assimilis)• Cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorrhynchus
quadridens = C. pallidactylus)• Turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae)
PEST CONTROL
• Mainly insecticides• Area treated
− Spring oilseed rape 70 % − Winter oilseed rape 10 %
• Treatment threshold (pollen beetles) or at appearance
4
Growth stage No. of pollen beetles/plant
Early bud stage 0,5‐1,0
Medium bud stage 1‐2
Late bud stage 2‐3
MoA‐group Active ingredient Field rate
(AI/ha)Treatments/
year
Polle
n be
etle
Flea
bee
tles*
, DBM
*, Turnipsawfly
*
Cabb
ageseed
pod
wee
vil
Cabb
agestem
wee
vil,
Brassica
pod midge
3A Alpha‐Cypermethrin 10.0 ‐ 12.5 2 X X
Deltamethrin 5.0 – 7.5 1 X X X
Esfenvalerate 7.5 ‐ 15 2 X X X
Lambda‐cyhalothrin 5.0 1‐2 X X X
Tau‐fluvalinate 48.0 1‐2 X X X
4A Thiacloprid 72.0 1‐2 X X
22A Indoxacarb 25.5 1 X
5
ACTIVE SUBSTANCES 2017
* Pests also in other crops
Snails
6
Figure from: Bekämpningsrekommendationer. Svampar och insekter 2017. Jordbruksverkets växtskyddscentraler, mars 2017 http://www2.jordbruksverket.se/download/18.44d1a6d715b53cf7b561f74c/1491802974655/be17v19.pdf
winter Pollen beetlesWinter Oilseed Rape
Spring Oilseed Rape
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF MAIN PESTS
Iron phosphate Indoxacarb
Snails
7
Figure from: Bekämpningsrekommendationer. Svampar och insekter 2017. Jordbruksverkets växtskyddscentraler, mars 2017 http://www2.jordbruksverket.se/download/18.44d1a6d715b53cf7b561f74c/1491802974655/be17v19.pdf
Flea beetles
Pollen beetles
winter Pollen beetlesWinter Oilseed Rape
Spring Oilseed Rape
Diamondback Moth
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF MAIN PESTS
Indoxacarb
α‐cypermethrinØstfold
Hedmark
Tau‐fluvalinateIndoxacarb
α‐cypermethrin Indoxacarb Thiacloprid Tau‐fluvalinate
RESISTANCE MONITORING: POLLEN BEETLES
• Cyhalothrin/technical grade (2007‐2017)– IRAC Method no. 011– Test vials from Syngenta and Bayer CropScience
• Thiacloprid/Biscaya OD 240 (2010‐2017)– IRAC Method no. 021 – Test vials from Bayer CropScience
• Indoxacarb/Avaunt 150 EC (2012‐2017)– IRAC Method no. 027 – Test vials from DuPont
• Pollen beetles from spring oilseed rape and spring turnip rape
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ‐CYHALOTHRIN% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100AKERSHUS COUNTY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
HEDMARK COUNTY
**
*
*
*
*
*
0102030405060708090
100
VESTFOLD COUNTY
**
* *
* **
0102030405060708090
100
ØSTFOLD COUNTY
*
**
**
*
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ‐CYHALOTHRIN% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AK‐N 200
7AK
‐N 200
7AK
‐S 200
7HE
‐M 200
7VF
200
7VF
200
7ØF 20
07ØF 20
07HE
‐M 200
8HE
‐M 200
8VF
200
8AK
‐N 201
0HE
‐S 201
0HE
‐M 201
0HE
‐M 201
0VF
201
0VF
201
0ØF 20
10AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐S 201
2HE
‐S 201
2HE
‐M 201
2HE
‐M 201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2ØF 20
12AK
‐S 201
5AK
‐S 201
5ØF 20
15ØF 20
15ØF 20
15AK
‐S 201
6AK
‐S 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6ØF 20
16ØF 20
16AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐N 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7ØF 20
17ØF 20
17
% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AK‐N 200
7AK
‐N 200
7AK
‐S 200
7HE
‐M 200
7VF
200
7VF
200
7ØF 20
07ØF 20
07HE
‐M 200
8HE
‐M 200
8VF
200
8AK
‐N 201
0HE
‐S 201
0HE
‐M 201
0HE
‐M 201
0VF
201
0VF
201
0ØF 20
10AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐S 201
2HE
‐S 201
2HE
‐M 201
2HE
‐M 201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2ØF 20
12AK
‐S 201
5AK
‐S 201
5ØF 20
15ØF 20
15ØF 20
15AK
‐S 201
6AK
‐S 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6ØF 20
16ØF 20
16AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐N 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7ØF 20
17ØF 20
17
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ‐CYHALOTHRIN
% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AK‐N 200
7AK
‐N 200
7AK
‐S 200
7HE
‐M 200
7VF
200
7VF
200
7ØF 20
07ØF 20
07HE
‐M 200
8HE
‐M 200
8VF
200
8AK
‐N 201
0HE
‐S 201
0HE
‐M 201
0HE
‐M 201
0VF
201
0VF
201
0ØF 20
10AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐N 201
2AK
‐S 201
2HE
‐S 201
2HE
‐M 201
2HE
‐M 201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2ØF 20
12AK
‐S 201
5AK
‐S 201
5ØF 20
15ØF 20
15ØF 20
15AK
‐S 201
6AK
‐S 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6ØF 20
16ØF 20
16AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐N 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7ØF 20
17ØF 20
17
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ‐CYHALOTHRIN
λ‐CYHALOTHRINResistance level (IRAC)Highly resistant (5)Resistant (4)Moderately resistant (3)Susceptible (2)Highly susceptible (1)
20172012
14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AKERSHUS
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BISCAYA OD 240% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
0102030405060708090
100
HEDMARK
0102030405060708090
100
VESTFOLD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ØSTFOLD
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AK‐S 201
2HE
‐S 201
2HE
‐M 201
2HE
‐M 201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2VF
201
2ØF 20
12AK
‐S 201
5AK
‐S 201
5ØF 20
15ØF 20
15ØF 20
15AK
‐S 201
6AK
‐S 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6HE
‐M 201
6ØF 20
16AK
‐S 201
7AK
‐S 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7HE
‐M 201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7VF
201
7ØF 20
17ØF 20
17
POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BISCAYA OD 240% m
ortality (±
SE) a
t 100
% field rate
Expected mortality
Mortality at discriminating concentrations, 25 and 100 % of recommended field rate(mean of collected strains)
Mean values for 9 field strains, 2012
nLC50
ng AI/ cm295 % FI
LC95ng AI / cm2
95 % FI Slope ± SE
307 ± 5 0,042 0,027 – 0,062 1,090 0,579 – 2,901 1,14 ± 0,07
BISCAYA OD 240 (THIACLOPRID)
Year No. ofsites Counties
Rate (µg AI/cm2)
0.029 0.144 0.720
2012 9 AK, HE, VF 65 ± 15 95 ± 5 99 ± 2
2017 10 AK, HE, VF, ØF 42 ± 18 56 ± 13 70 ± 14
Expected mortality (IRAC Method no. 021) 50 ± 10 93 ± 6 98 ± 3
Susceptibility data 2012
Mortality at 25 and 100 % of recommended field rate (mean of collected strains)
Mean values for 7 field strains, 2012
nLC50
ng AI/ cm295 % FI
LC95ng AI / cm2
95 % FI Slope ± SE
348 ± 30 34.3 ± 3.2 29.0 – 39.3 82.9 ± 6.0 68.5 – 111.4 4.65 ± 0.54
AVAUNT 150 EC (INDOXACARB)
Year No. of sites CountiesRate (ng AI/cm2)
63.75 255
2012 7 HE, VF 83 ± 15 100 ± 0
2017 10 AK, HE, VF, ØF 100 ± 1 100 ± 0
Expected mortality (IRAC Method no. 027) > 90 > 90
Susceptibility data 2012
18
Project: BRAKORN (2015-2019)Aim in WP3: Reduced crop losses from pests and diseases. Pests with focus on:
Pollen beetles Flea beetlesBrassicogethes/Meligethes spp. Phyllotreta spp.
TOWARDS IPM IN SPRING OILSEED CROPS IN NORWAY
FLEA BEETLE SPECIES COMPLEX, SPRING OILSEED RAPE IN NORWAY
19
Akershus county, Ås (first evaluated in 2016)
% Phyllotretanemorum
P. undulata P. striolata
Ås 3 73 24
Foto: argoatlas.ru Foto: argoatlas.ru Foto: argoatlas.ru
Large Striped Flea Beetle Small Striped Flea Beetle Striped Flea Beetle
MELIGETHES SPECIES COMPLEX IN NORWAY
20
Akershus/Østfold counties, 2015:
Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.plFoto: LechBorowiec Foto: LechBorowiec
% M. aeneus M. coeruleivirens M. subaeneus M.subrugosus M. viridescens
Askim 76 11 4 0 10Ås 60 16 1 0 23Kråkstad 70 15 3 2 10Rakkestad 88 8 0 0 4Sarpsborg 91 5 4 0 1
50
60
70
80
90
100
50 60 70 80 90 100
% m
ortality at field rate ±SE
% Meligethes aeneus
Species complex and resistance level
Lambda‐cyhalotrinBiscaya OD 240
TRAP CROPS
21
Foto: Klaus H. Hovmand
Foto: S. M. Cook
Trap plants with attractive colour and odour along the field edge lure pests awayfrom the main crop
Trap crop
Main crop
FIELD 2016
22
Flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.
*
*
*Sam
let a
ntal
l bla
dska
de/p
lant
e ±
SE*S
amle
t ant
all b
lads
kade
/pla
nte
±SE
Mea
n nu
mbe
r lea
f dam
age
/ pla
nt ±
SE
Mea
n nu
mbe
r lea
f dam
age
/ pla
nt ±
SE
Trap crop Rape
Trap crop Rape
Majong WITH trap cropMajong WITHOUT trap cropValo as trap crop
Silver Shadow WITH trap cropSilver Shadow WITHOUT trap cropMajong as trap crop
FIELD 2016
23
Pollen beetles, Brassicogethes/Meligethes spp.
*
*
*Sam
let a
ntal
l bille
r/pla
nte
±SE
*Sam
let a
ntal
l bille
r/pla
nte
±SE
Mea
n nu
mbe
r bee
tles
/ pla
nt ±
SE
Trap crop Rape
Trap crop Rape
Majong WITH trap cropMajong WITHOUT trap cropValo as trap crop
Silver Shadow WITH trap cropSilver Shadow WITHOUT trap cropMajong as trap crop
Mea
n nu
mbe
r bee
tles
/ pla
nt ±
SE
24
SUMMARY• Pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetles stabilized or partly reversed? Reduced
susceptibility towards thiacloprid of concern. Indoxacarb is effective, alsoagainst pollen beetles with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroids and thiacloprid
• Resistance in flea beetles not investigated
• Development of alternative control methods and anti-resistance strategiesimportant to avoid more serious resistance problems
• Trap crops with summer turnip rape promising control method for flea and pollen beetles in spring oilseed rape
• Treatment threshold exceeded less often• Pests on trap crop must be effectively controlled at the right time to avoid
immigration and damage in the main crop
• Occurrence of species complex of flea beetles and pollen beetles in spring oilseed crops: Effect of insecticides, resistance dynamics and IPM-strategies?
Thank you for your attention!
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