origins of progressivism

Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism

Reformers wanted to solve the Reformers wanted to solve the problems brought on by problems brought on by

immigration, industrialization, immigration, industrialization, and urbanizationand urbanization

Lost faith in voluntary reformLost faith in voluntary reform USE THE POWER OF THE USE THE POWER OF THE

GOVERNMENT!!!GOVERNMENT!!!

Problems exposed in the Problems exposed in the 1890’s1890’s

Corporate power / disparity of wealthCorporate power / disparity of wealth Rebellious working class – socialists, Rebellious working class – socialists,

anarchistsanarchists Condition of the citiesCondition of the cities Political corruptionPolitical corruption Racism / Prejudice / Jim CrowRacism / Prejudice / Jim Crow

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Exposed and dramatized the need for Exposed and dramatized the need for reformreform

Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the CitiesCities

Jacob Riis – How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard

OilOil Upton Sinclair – The JungleUpton Sinclair – The Jungle William Hard – “Making Steel, Killing William Hard – “Making Steel, Killing

Men”Men”

Goals of ProgressivismGoals of Progressivism

Protect social welfare programs Protect social welfare programs (programs for the poor and needy)(programs for the poor and needy)

Promote moral improvement Promote moral improvement (prohibition)(prohibition)

Economic reform (socialism)Economic reform (socialism) Efficiency in the workplace (assembly Efficiency in the workplace (assembly

line)line)

Jane AddamsJane Addams

Hull Hull HouseHouse

Who Who benefitebenefited most d most from from Hull Hull House?House?

Issues of Female Issues of Female ProgressivesProgressives

Exploitation of female workers (and Exploitation of female workers (and children)children)

Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage FeminismFeminism TemperanceTemperance Immigration reform?????Immigration reform?????

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Triangle Shirtwaist Factory FireFire

Reforming the workplaceReforming the workplace

Frederick Taylor – Scientific managementFrederick Taylor – Scientific management

Reforms in GovernmentReforms in Government

City CouncilsCity Councils ““Reform Mayors”Reform Mayors” Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Srr..

States begin to regulate more States begin to regulate more industriesindustries

Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. OregonOregon

Workman’s compensationWorkman’s compensation

Increasing power of the Increasing power of the citizenscitizens

Initiative/referendumInitiative/referendum RecallRecall 1717thth Amendment Amendment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election

Roles of WomenRoles of Women

Rural Areas – Farm workRural Areas – Farm work CitiesCities

Domestics (servants)Domestics (servants) Factory workFactory work Clerical (white collar) workClerical (white collar) work

Teachers, bookkeepers, stenographersTeachers, bookkeepers, stenographers

As businesses expanded new As businesses expanded new jobs opened to women which jobs opened to women which

required more educationrequired more education

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Upper Class WomenUpper Class Women

Time to get involved in reform Time to get involved in reform movementsmovements

Women’s collegesWomen’s colleges Decline in marriageDecline in marriage

Attempts to gain suffrageAttempts to gain suffrage

State legislaturesState legislatures Court challengesCourt challenges Constitutional Constitutional

AmendmentAmendment

Roosevelt’s Square DealRoosevelt’s Square Deal

1901 – McKinley is 1901 – McKinley is assassinatedassassinated

Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt becomes youngest becomes youngest President (42)President (42)

Square DealSquare Deal

Progressive reforms proposed by Progressive reforms proposed by Roosevelt administrationRoosevelt administration

Increased power of the Increased power of the PresidencyPresidency

1902 Coal Strike1902 Coal Strike ““trust busting”trust busting” Railroad regulationRailroad regulation

Legislation protecting citizens Legislation protecting citizens and the environmentand the environment

Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act National Parks and Wildlife National Parks and Wildlife

SanctuariesSanctuaries

http://http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dalbook.htwww.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dalbook.html#introml#intro

Civil RightsCivil Rights

Little progressLittle progress

Progressivism under TaftProgressivism under Taft

Although eligible, TR had vowed not Although eligible, TR had vowed not to run for re-election in 1908to run for re-election in 1908

TR selects and supports William TR selects and supports William Howard TaftHoward Taft

Taft’s troubles in officeTaft’s troubles in office

Angered Progressives by signing Payne-Angered Progressives by signing Payne-Aldrich TariffAldrich Tariff

Allowed public lands in west to be sold Allowed public lands in west to be sold to private intereststo private interests

Fired Gifford PinchotFired Gifford Pinchot Republican Party splits – conservatives Republican Party splits – conservatives

vs. progressivesvs. progressives Democrats gain control of House in 1910Democrats gain control of House in 1910

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Taft nominated by RepublicansTaft nominated by Republicans Wilson by DemocratsWilson by Democrats Eugene Debs by SocialistsEugene Debs by Socialists TR by progressives – “Bull Moose TR by progressives – “Bull Moose

Party”Party”

Platform of Bull Moose PartyPlatform of Bull Moose Party

Direct election of SenatorsDirect election of Senators Initiative, referendum, recallInitiative, referendum, recall Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage Minimum wage for womenMinimum wage for women Outlaw child laborOutlaw child labor FTC to regulate businessFTC to regulate business

Wilson wins with only 42% of Wilson wins with only 42% of popular votepopular vote

Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson Raised in the South – prejudiced?Raised in the South – prejudiced? President of Princeton U.President of Princeton U. Plan – The New FreedomPlan – The New Freedom

Destroy trustsDestroy trusts Lower tariffsLower tariffs Control lendingControl lending

Wilson’s AccomplishmentsWilson’s Accomplishments

Clayton Anti-trust ActClayton Anti-trust Act Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Underwood Tariff of 1913Underwood Tariff of 1913 1616thth Amendment – graduated income Amendment – graduated income

taxtax Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System 1919thth Amendment – women’s suffrage? Amendment – women’s suffrage?

Wilson’s FailuresWilson’s Failures

Opposed child labor lawsOpposed child labor laws Expanded racial segregationExpanded racial segregation