plastic surgery

Plastic Surgery

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PLASTIC SURGERY

Presented by

Fiza Nadeem

Plastic Surgery

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SCOPE

• What is Plastic Surgery?• Origin• Islamic Perspective• Evolution in Pakistan• Comparison with Advanced Countries• Pros and Cons• Analysis

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INTRODUCTION

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Plastic Surgery

• Derived from Greek word

• Art of Modeling

• Medical specialty

• Correction and restoration of form and function

• Physical deformities and skin burns

• Improve physical features

PLASTIC SURGERY

PLASTIKOS To Form or to Mold

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• Broad classification:

PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d

PLASTIC SURGERYCosmetic

Enhancements

Reconstructive

Operations

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– Medical Aesthetics

– Enhancement of appearance

– Maintaining normal appearance

Cosmetic Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery

PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d

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TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERY

Tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty)

Eyelid surgery (Blepharoplasty)

Chemical peel

Nose job (Rhinoplasty)

Ear surgery (Otoplasty)

Face Lift/Brow Lift/Chin Lift

Liposuction (Suction-assisted lipectomy)

Hair TransplantationPlastic Surgery

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Tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty)

• Abdomen is reshaped and firmed

• Removal of excess skin and fat

• Abdomen is reshaped and firmed

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Plastic Surgery

Eyelid surgery (Blepharoplasty)

• Eyelids are reshaped

• A permanent eyeliner is applied

• The aim is to reshape the upper or lower eyelid by

removing or repositioning excess tissue

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Before & After Eyelid Surgery

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Chemical Peel• Popular among people with acne, scars and wrinkles• Involves

• Types

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

Light/Medium Peel

Deep Peel

Phenol (Carbolic acid) TCA (Trichloroacetic acid)

AHA (Glycolic acid) BHA (Salicylic acid)

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Before & After Wrinkles Before & After Pores

Before & After Acne Scars

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Nose job (Rhinoplasty)

• Nose is reshaped

• Done by otolaryngologist• Aim is to improve the appearance of the nose, and

sometimes its function as well if the patient has breathing problems

• Carried out in conjunction with facelift

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Ear surgery (Otoplasty)

• Involves pining the ear closer to the head • May involve reducing the size of very large ears, or

reshaping various bends in the cartilage

• Can be performed on children

• Has the youngest age of patients

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Before & After Ear Surgery

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Facelift (Rhytidectomy)

• To remove wrinkles surgically • The aim is to make the patient's face

look younger

• Done in many ways

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Before & After Facelift

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Liposuction• Also known as fat modeling, lipo sculpture suction,

lipectomy or lipo • Fat removed from various parts of the body• Not a weight loss method• Most that can be taken out at one time is 5kg• Procedure• Complications may occur

TYPES OF COSMETIC SURGERYcont’d

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Before & After Liposuction

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• To correct functional impairments caused by:• Burns• Traumatic Injuries (Facial bone fractures & breaks)• Congenital Abnormalities• Infection• Cancer• Tumors

• Most common reconstructive procedures• Microsurgery to transfer tissue

PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d

Reconstructive Plastic Surgery

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Tumor Removal

• Procedure to remove an abnormal growth

• Can either be a benign or a malignant tumor

• Benign tumors are easy to remove completely

• Malignant tumor pose most difficult problems

• May result in death if not successfully treated

TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d

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Laceration Repair

• Wound caused by sharp object

• Mends a tear in the skin or other tissue

• Goals

TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d

Stop Bleeding Prevent Infection

Preserve Function Restore Appearance

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Scar Revision • Improve or reduce the appearance of scars• Restores function, and corrects skin changes caused

by an injury, wound, or previous surgery

• Ways to improve appearance

TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d

Complete Removal

Skin Grafting

Dermabrasion

Skin Flap Surgery

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Cleft Lip or Palate

• Fissure or opening or a gap • Caused by abnormal facial development during

gestation

• Can be successfully treated with surgery

TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY cont’d

Cleft Lip & PalatePlastic Surgery

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Cleft Lip Scar Revision

Tumor Removal Laceration Repair

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TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

Endoscopic surgery

Skin Grafts

Flap surgery

Laser technology

Tissue Expansion

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ORIGIN

• As far as 2000 B.C.

• Egyptian nose reconstruction

• Indian doctor Acharya Sushrut

• Romans

• Cornelius Celsus “De Medicina”

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ORIGINcont’d

• End of third century A.D.

• Middle ages and Renaissance

• Late 1500s- a breakthrough

• Italian Gasparo Tagliacozzi

• Struggle without progress

• First text of cosmetic surgery

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• Outbreak of world war I

• Soldiers with extensive trauma wounds

• An independent medical service

• ASPRS created in 1931

• A new age of enlightenment

ORIGINcont’d

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• Past 100 years

• ASPRS changed to ABPS

• Lawful recognition

• Mid 2000s

• Growing multi-billion

industry

• Liposuction – most

common surgery

ORIGINcont’d

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Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

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PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE LIGHT OF VARIOUS RELIGIONS

• Muslim: It is understood that surgery isn’t allowed, on the basis that it permanently changes the body God created and gave as a “trust.”

• Catholic: doesn’t directly address the subject. If the procedure is not for something considered immoral by the Church (such as gender-reassignment surgery), then “elective plastic surgery is left to the prudent choice of those involved”

• Buddhist: see plastic surgery as an “offense”Plastic Surgery

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• Maslah or Manfa’h

• Benefit or Utility

• Seeking of benefit and preventing of harm

• In Arabic, we say

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d

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“And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your own hands contribute to (your) destruction; but do good; for Allah loves those who do good.” (2:195)

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d

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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d

PLASTIC SURGERY (Types)

For Treating Deformity

Aimed at Beautification

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Allah Almighty mentions in Surah al-Nisa the words of Shaytan, when he said :

“I will mislead them and I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and to deface the (fair) natural creation of Allah.”

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d

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“Allah has cursed women who tattoo or have themselves tattooed, who pluck eyebrows or have them plucked, and women who separate their front teeth for beauty, altering what Allah has created.”

(Al-Bukhari)

“The woman who supplies false hair and the one who asks for it, the woman who pluck eyebrows or have them plucked, the woman who tattoos and the one who has it done where there is no disease to justify it have been cursed.”

(Abu Dawud)

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ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVEcont’d

Cosmetic and plastic surgery for the purpose of beautifying and adornment is impermissible. However, if there is a

genuine need due to something being abnormal or deformed, then there is a dispensation of permissibility

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EVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN

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Plastic Surgery

EVOLUTION IN PAKISTAN

• Plastic surgery procedures - foreign word for many Pakistanis just 10 to 15 years ago

• Hair transplantation clinics have sprouted up like mushrooms

• Not as popular as in other countries

• Field of plastic surgery is in its infancy in Pakistan

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• Specialty unit in teaching started at Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Karachi by Prof. K.M. Durrani in 1965

• In 1976 Prof. Faiz Mohammad Khan Started Unit at JPMC

• In mid eighties Prof. Shaista joined the dept. and at same time plastic surgery unit were established at King Edward, Lahore and PIMS, Islamabad

EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d

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EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d

• In early nineties Units were established in teaching institutes at Hyderabad, Faisalabad , Multan, Peshawar and Quetta

• The Pakistan Association of Plastic Surgeons was established in 1993

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MAIN OBJECTIVE OF PAPS

To promote and advance medical and surgical training and research pertaining to Plastic Surgery. To disseminate information regarding clinical and scientific progress in Plastic Surgery

To promote the art and science of Plastic Surgery and to communicate to the members and the general public, the advancements and improvements made in the field of Plastic Surgery To promote the highest standards of professional skill and competence among Plastic Surgeons

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• Most common surgery procedures in Pakistan include

EVOLUTION IN PAKISTANcont’d

Nose Reshaping

Liposuction

Tummy Tuck

Face Uplift

Burns/ Wounds Surgery

Skin Grafts

Hair TransplantationPlastic Surgery

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ADVANCES IN PLASTIC SURGERY

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ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES

• Rapid progress with development of new techniques• Better understanding of anatomy of blood supply and

muscle

• Advancement in burn treatment

• Development of microsurgery

• Craniofacial surgery

• Cleft lip and palate treatment

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Fractional Laser Resurfacing• Prolonged skin healing, skin redness, and risks of

classic laser resurfacing minimized• Has spread to lasers which also treat wrinkles• Can be completed with topical anesthesia alone

“There has been a long search for a technology which produces the same results for wrinkle improvement as the carbon dioxide laser without the complications or long recovery. The fractional technology applied to carbon dioxide lasers is the answer to that search,” Dr. Matthew Kienstra.

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

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Combination Liposuction Technologies• Combination of laser and ultrasound technology with

old liposuction techniques provides some new possibilities for decreased recovery

• Though the scientific evidence is still mixed, continued development means this is a very promising innovation

“There is a lot of art involved with the application of the technology and it appears to be the first technology which will allow true sculpting of the body,”

Dr. Ed Khoury

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

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Pain Pumps For Cosmetic Surgery• Patient controlled analgesia• Introduction of devices to provide pain relief right to

the site of pain

“Pain pumps have greatly decreased hospital stays and decreased recovery times for both our cosmetic and reconstructive surgery patients.”

Dr Sorokin

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

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Increasing Variety of Dermal Fillers• Around since the 1980s but early fillers didn’t last

long • Increase in longevity of the results

• Over 1.5 million dermal fillers injections in 2008, up from just half a million in 2000

“Dermal fillers and botulinum toxin products enable patients to undergo chemical browlifts and liquid facelifts, frequently delaying or obviating the need for surgery.”

Dr. Ronald Friedman

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

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Hair Cloning Research• Not a commercially available procedure • Technology has come a long way in the last ten years

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

“Once the technology becomes commercially available, surgeons will no longer be limited by a finite donor site. The dream of a full head of hair will become a reality,”

Dr. Verret

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Laser Vein Therapy• Days of pain recovery to get rid of pesky leg veins

long gone• Laser technology has allowed many patients to

undergo very successful leg vein removal

Stem Cell Harvesting from Fat acquired during Liposuction

• Extraction of stem cells from the fat removed during liposuction

• Hold promise for future scientific research

ADVANCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES cont’d

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Plastic Surgery

PROS AND CONS

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PROS AND CONS

• PROS

Physical benefits

Higher self esteem

Greater self confidence

Social confidence

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PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERY

Physical Benefits

• Extremely helpful for those with physical deformity

• Improves health

• Examples

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PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d

Higher Self Esteem

• Gives patients higher self-esteem

• Greater confidence

• Positive effect on behavior

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• Reshapes natural contours• Removes fat which cant be done through diet• Dramatic results• Successful in life and more opportunities• Accepted by society• Feel comfortable in company• Positive effect of person’s psychological health

PROS OF PLASTIC SURGERYcont’d

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Cons– Causes undue stress on the body– Swelling or bruising– Risk of infection, blood clotting etc– No guarantee of results– Invasive and painful– Long recovery– Cannot fix your inside

CONS OF PLASTIC SURGERY

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CONCLUSION

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Plastic Surgery

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery by Natasha Skvorc and Rudolf Gregurek Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Associate Prof.

Vichai Chichareon Advances in Plastic Surgery by Harold D. Mcdonald Top Ten Plastic Surgery Advances by Dr. D.J. Verret www.wikipedia.com www.google.com www.slideshare.com www.powershow.com www.paps.com.pk

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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