population geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Geography:Population Geography:Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

• WhereWhere is the world's population is the world's population distributed? distributed?

• WhereWhere has the world's population has the world's population increased? increased?

• WhyWhy is population increasing at is population increasing at different rates in different countries? different rates in different countries?

• WhyWhy might the world face an might the world face an overpopulation problem?overpopulation problem?

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

• Density refers to the frequency Density refers to the frequency with which something occurswith which something occurs

• Distribution refers to the Distribution refers to the arrangement of a feature in spacearrangement of a feature in space

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Population DensityPopulation Density

• a measure of the number of people a measure of the number of people per unit area of landper unit area of land– arithmetic: people per unit area of arithmetic: people per unit area of

landland– physiologic: people supported by physiologic: people supported by

arable landarable land– agricultural: farmers to amount of agricultural: farmers to amount of

arable landarable land

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World Population DensityWorld Population Density

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United States DensityUnited States Density

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ChinaChina

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Population DistributionPopulation Distribution

• describes the locations on the describes the locations on the Earth’s surface where people live Earth’s surface where people live

• AustraliaAustralia• EgyptEgypt• MexicoMexico• CanadaCanada

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BangladeshBangladesh

• Population: 144,000,000Population: 144,000,000• Area: 144,000 sq milesArea: 144,000 sq miles• 62% arable land (89,280 sq miles)62% arable land (89,280 sq miles)• physiologic density=1612 people physiologic density=1612 people

per square mile of arable landper square mile of arable land

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Montana/United StatesMontana/United States

• Montana Population: 145,000Montana Population: 145,000• Area: 902,195 square milesArea: 902,195 square miles• 18% arable land = 162,395 square miles18% arable land = 162,395 square miles• Physiologic density = 1119 per square milePhysiologic density = 1119 per square mile

• US Population: 300,000,000US Population: 300,000,000• Area: 3,717,810 square milesArea: 3,717,810 square miles• 19% arable land = 706,383 square miles19% arable land = 706,383 square miles• Physiologic density = 424 per square milePhysiologic density = 424 per square mile

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World Population World Population ConcentrationsConcentrations

• East AsiaEast Asia• South AsiaSouth Asia• Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia• EuropeEurope

In the three Asian clusters, more than ½ the world’s population lives on less than 10% of the world’s land.

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East AsiaEast Asia

• China, Korea, Japan, TaiwanChina, Korea, Japan, Taiwan– 1/5 the world’s total population1/5 the world’s total population– 5/6 of the region’s population live in China, 5/6 of the region’s population live in China,

mostly river and coastal regionsmostly river and coastal regions– 2/3 of people in China live as farmers in rural 2/3 of people in China live as farmers in rural

areas areas – In Japan and Korean Peninsula, ¾+ live in In Japan and Korean Peninsula, ¾+ live in

urban areas and work in industry and urban areas and work in industry and serviceservice

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South AsiaSouth Asia

• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Lanka – 1/5 the world’s population1/5 the world’s population– most are rural farmers (3/4), not city most are rural farmers (3/4), not city

dwellers dwellers – centered along Ganges and Indus centered along Ganges and Indus

river valleys, lowlands and coastal river valleys, lowlands and coastal areasareas

– restrained by mountainsrestrained by mountains

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Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

• Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, PhilippinesPhilippines– Island nations in the PacificIsland nations in the Pacific– Around river valleys and deltas Around river valleys and deltas

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EuropeEurope

• Britain, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Britain, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, France, N Italy Belarus, France, N Italy – ¾ live in cities¾ live in cities– Less than 20% are farmersLess than 20% are farmers– Highest concentration near coal fieldsHighest concentration near coal fields

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions

• Eastern USEastern US– Bosnywash, Chicago, Detroit, Bosnywash, Chicago, Detroit,

Cleveland, California Cleveland, California – In Europe and North America, cities In Europe and North America, cities

and towns more densely populated and towns more densely populated that rural areasthat rural areas

– MegalopolisMegalopolis

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions

• Western AfricaWestern Africa– Nigeria most populous African countryNigeria most populous African country

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Birth RateBirth Rate– number of live births per year per 1000 number of live births per year per 1000

people in the populationpeople in the population– +30 is high+30 is high– highest today in Africa and SW Asiahighest today in Africa and SW Asia– lowest in Europelowest in Europe– inversely related to modernization, inversely related to modernization,

industrialization, urbanization and economic industrialization, urbanization and economic developmentdevelopment

– exception: Chinaexception: China– US: 14/1000US: 14/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Death RateDeath Rate– number of deaths per thousand number of deaths per thousand

people in a given yearpeople in a given year– highest in tropical Africahighest in tropical Africa– lowest in N America, S America, lowest in N America, S America,

Europe, Japan, AustraliaEurope, Japan, Australia– high CDR’s tend to reflect high infant high CDR’s tend to reflect high infant

mortalitymortality– US: 8/1000US: 8/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Natural IncreaseNatural Increase– difference between number of births and difference between number of births and

deaths during a specific time perioddeaths during a specific time period– US: .88%US: .88%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

Birth rate Death rate

Natural Increase

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate– the number of children born to women of child the number of children born to women of child

bearing agebearing age– 15-45 ??15-45 ??– 2.12.1

1.17

1.12

0.94

0.84

1.22

1.24

1.24

1.23

1.23

1.20

Belarus

Bulgaria

Republic of Moldova

Republic of Korea

Slovenia

Slovakia

Czech Republic

Ukraine

China, Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion

China, Macao Special Administrative Region

Lowest Fertility RatesWorldwide

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Population StatsPopulation Stats

• Infant Mortality RateInfant Mortality Rate– the number of children who die before the number of children who die before

they reach one yearthey reach one year– US: 6.3/1000US: 6.3/1000

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Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids

• Show age and sex distribution for a Show age and sex distribution for a given regiongiven region– County, city, country, stateCounty, city, country, state

• Y axis shows age cohortsY axis shows age cohorts– Usually in intervals of 5Usually in intervals of 5– Ranging from 0-85Ranging from 0-85

• X axis shows females and malesX axis shows females and males– Males on the leftMales on the left– Females always rightFemales always right

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Linear GrowthLinear Growth– increases in a uniform amount during increases in a uniform amount during

a series of equal time periods a series of equal time periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Exponential GrowthExponential Growth– increases in a compounding amount increases in a compounding amount

over a series of equal time periods over a series of equal time periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Doubling TimeDoubling Time– the time it takes to double a country’s the time it takes to double a country’s

population population – 70 / NIR = Doubling Time70 / NIR = Doubling Time

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Ninth

Eighth

Seventh

Sixth

Fifth

Fourth

Third

Second

First Billion

Number of years to add each billion (year)

All of Human History (1800)

130 (1930)

30 (1960)

15 (1975)

12 (1987)

12 (1999)

14 (2013)

14 (2027)

21 (2048)

Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

World Population Growth, in BillionsWorld Population Growth, in Billions

1st Billion: 1800 years2nd Billion: 130 years4th Billion: 45 years8th Billion: 52 years

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth

• Population ExplosionPopulation Explosion– refers to the rapid growth of the refers to the rapid growth of the

world’s population during the last world’s population during the last century accompanied by ever shorter century accompanied by ever shorter doubling times and accelerating rates doubling times and accelerating rates of increase of increase

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Center of the Population Center of the USUS