ppt major report

RAILWAY TRACK SECURITY SYSTEM

Guide: Mrs. Abhilasha Gokhale Submitted By:

Amit (00714807311) Amit Upadhyay (01014807311) Hitesh Gupta (00914807311)

Introduction

The main objective of this project is to develop detecting the crack in the railway track and alert the near by station. Two rails forming the part of the track are made using a pair of discontinuous wire which biases a pair of transistors being powered from DC source.The discontinuation is sorted by a jumper wire to simulate healthy track condition. Removing the jumper results in transistors being cut off thus delivering logic one to the microcontroller.The program thereafter takes control to send SMS message through GSM modem interface through MAX232 to the microcontroller

Block diagram

Circuit diagram

Project construction Step-1 We use a toy train model in our project. First we remove toy train fast dc motor with slow speed dc gear motor for smooth drive in our project. Secondly we fix train track on wooden base.

Step-2 We divided our project track in to four different route or station. We are flowing ground current on the track with help of thin wire, this wire send signal in case of broken. We put ir sensor on the starting of route track. If wire broken track signal generate, this ir sensor unit goes active. If any train interrupt these sensors by crossing it, control unit send rf signal to train for applying brake

Block diagram of controlling unit Normal case

Track Crack detection case

Step-3 Anti collision system This unit is installing in the train, when any object or train comes in front this device controlling unit cut the power supply of train.

Hardware requirements

TRANSFORMER (230 – 12 V AC)VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)RECTIFIER FILTER MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51) GSM COMMUNICATION GSM MODEMLED LCD DISPLAY MAX 232 DB9 CONNECTOR 1N4007 RESISTOR CAPACITOR

Microcontroller(at89s52) • Compatible with MCS®-51 Products • 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

– Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles • 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz • Three-level Program Memory Lock • 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM • 32 Programmable I/O Lines • Three 16-bit Timer/Counters • Eight Interrupt Sources • Full Duplex UART Serial Channel • Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode • Watchdog Timer • Dual Data Pointero• Fast Programming Time

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52

GSM COMMUNICATIONThe term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum around 900MHz.MS- Mobile Station: The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular telephone.BTS-Base Transceiver Station: The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.

GSM MODEMA GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.  While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

MAX 232The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals .

When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.

DB9 CONNECTORThe DB9 (originally DE-9) connector is an analog 9-pin plug of the D-Sub miniature connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D).

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are

16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20

characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to

the controller chip which receives data from an external

source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

LCD BACKGROUND

If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines

(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)

The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW

EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)

RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)

(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )

R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)

(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

Software Requirements

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers,

real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated

environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for

ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051

MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level

Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an

output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but

not for other microprocessors.

i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86

(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler

then compiler is a program that translates source code into object

code.

BIBILOGRAPHY“The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by

Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson

Education.

ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.

www.atmel.com

www.beyondlogic.org

www.wikipedia.org

www.howstuffworks.com

www.alldatasheets.com

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