#projectless beyond projects - allan kelly · 2017-03-02 · beyond projects or the end of projects...

BeyondProjectsOrTheEndofProjectsandwhathappensnext

AllanKelly-allan@allankelly.neth1p://www.allankelly.netTwi1er:@allankellynet

TopConfLinz

March2017

#BeyondProjects#NoProjects#ProjectLess

AllanKelly…Ø ConsulKngonsoMwaredevelopment&strategyØ TrainingforAgile

Author–  Li8leBookofRequirements&UserStories(2016)

h1p://www.leanpub.com/userstories–  Xanpan:TeamCentricAgileSoMwareDevelopment(2014)h1ps://leanpub.com/xanpan

–  BusinessPa8ernsforSoCwareDevelopers(2012)–  ChangingSoMwareDevelopment:LearningtobeAgile(2008)

Whatisa“project”?

Takenfromh1p://armstrap-documentaKon.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ge_ng-started-eclipse-development-tools.html

project

noun|ˈprɒdʒɛkt|1anindividualorcollaboraKveenterprisethatiscarefullyplannedtoachieveaparHcularaim:aresearchproject|aprojecttobuildanewpowersta8on.•apieceofresearchworkundertakenbyaschoolorcollegestudent:ahistoryproject.•aproposedorplannedundertaking:thenovelunderminesitsownstatedprojectoftellingastory.2(alsohousingproject)N.Amer.agovernment-subsidizedhousingdevelopmentwithrelaKvelylowrents:herfamilys8lllivesintheprojects.

FromAppleMacOSXdicKonary

Aprojectis….

ProjectManagementInsKtute-h1p://pm4id.org/1/2/

"PMIdefinesaprojectbyitstwokeycharacterisKcs:•  itistemporaryand•  undertakentocreateaproduct,service,or

resultthatisunique."

Problem#1–Success?

ProjectSuccessCriteria

Where’sthevalue?£$€

•  OnSchedule•  OnBudget•  OnQuality(Features)

ProjectModelAssumpKons

1.  ValueisknowableAndisknownbeforestart

2.  Thereisnovalueinflexibilityi.e.OpKonsarevalueless

Requirementschange.

Compoundto~27%perannum

TheobservedrateofchangeintheUSisabout2%per

calendarmonth

CapersJones,2008

TheworldchangesGetoverit

70%believetheyarefailingtoidenKfyandquanKfythebenefitsadequately

DeliveringvaluefromISandITinvestments,JohnWard,CranfieldSchoolofManagement,2006–surveyofUK&Beneluxmanagersh1p://www.som.cranfield.ac.uk/som/dinamic-content/research/documents/deliveringvaluereport.pdf

IT/IS&BusinessManagersurvey38%openlyadmittheyoverstatethebenefitsinordertoobtainfunding

80%reportthatthereviewandevaluaKonofcompletedprojectsisalsoinadequateduetothefocuson[achieving]cost,HmeandqualityobjecKvesandnotonwhethertheintendedbenefitswererealized.

Conflictand….Goaldisplacement– Chasingdateoverbenefit– ChasingKmeoverbenefit– Chasingcostoverbenefit– Chasingfeaturesoverbenefit

TheProjectmodelleadsto…

SoluKon

GovernancebasedonactualdeliveredbenefitsIteraKvepor~oliomanagement

FocusonBenefitnotTheEndAsknot,“WhenwillthesoMwarebedone?”

Doask:“WhenwillthesoMwaredelivervaluenext?”

Problem#2–ProjectsareBig

•  ProjectmodelisopKmizedforbig•  Usedonsmallpiecesofworkitinefficient•  Projectspushbigdecisionsup–  tobigmen– withbigchequebooks–  top-downauthority

MilkischeapestinBIGcartons

SoCwareischeapestinlotsofsmallcartons

AndsmallcartonsofsoMwarereducerisk

Bigincreasesrisk

ConsideralargeprojectAgainstseveralsmall

projects

ProjectA:Risk=30%Valueatrisk=£1mThereforeriskweightedvalue=£300,000

PrjB:Risk=15%Value@risk=£½m

Therefore…=£75,000

PrjC:Risk=15%Value@risk=£½m

Therefore…=£75,000

E:Risk=6%@risk=£200k

Therefore=£12kF:Risk=6%@risk=£200k

Therefore=£12k

G:Risk=6%@risk=£200k

Therefore=£12kH:Risk=6%@risk=£200k

Therefore=£12kI:Risk=6%

@risk=£200kTherefore=£12k

SoluKon

ThinksmallGetgoodatsmall

SoMwaredevelopment…

•  DoesNOThaveeconomiesofScale•  DevelopmenthasDISECONOMIESofscaleTherefore

•  StopthinkingBIG•  StartthinkingSMALL

ProjectsarebigbatchSmallbatchesbestforsoMware

SmallbatchesreduceriskRegulardeliveryincreasesROI

Problem#3–TheEnd

SoMwareisn’ttemporary

SuccessfulsoMwaredoesn’tstop

SuccessfulsoMwareconKnuestochangeOnlydeadsoMwarehasanend-date

Projectsend

Successfulso

Mware

doesn’t

SuccessfulsoMware?

MoodleWeeklydownloads:23,239Lastupdate:3days(16Jan)

WebTorrentWeeklydownloads:0Lastupdate:17April2013(9mths)

PerlLORDWeeklydownloads:0Lastupdate:25May2013(8mths)

1)Iftheyuseit,itwillchange

2)OnlyDeadSoMwareStopschanging

DatafromSourceForgesearchfor“WebBrowser”19Jan2014

Enddatesdamagequality

•  Shorttermthinkingleadsto…– Cornercu_ng– Known&unfixedbugs– Residualtechnicaldebt– Knowledgelost

AProjectis…

“AtemporaryorganizaHonthatisneededtoproduceauniqueandpredefinedoutcome

orresultatapre-specifiedHmeusingpredeterminedresources.”

PRINCE2definiKonofproject

ConKnuousnotTemporary

ConKnuousflowConKnuousimprovementConKnuousdeliveryConKnuousbenefit

AMatchMadeinHell

SoMwareDevelopment

ProjectManagement

SoMwareisforever ProjectsareTEMPORARY

Problem#4-

TemporaryOrganizaKons

TemporaryTeam?

•  Forming•  Storming•  Norming•  Performing•  Destroying

}TakesKme&money!

Whydestroyperformingteams?Whyspendthatmoney?Whylooseknowledge?

TemporaryorganizaKons

Disbandingteamsdestroys– Knowledge– Capability– Performance

ThemostdestrucKveideaknowntosoMwaredevelopment

SoluKon

BaseworkaroundstablestreamteamsAimforconKnuity

Bringtheworktotheteam

Whattodoaboutit…

•  Keepteamstogether•  Flowworktotheteams•  Workinthesmall•  WorkconKnually•  Demonstratevalue

TheEndofProjects

•  ProjectsareaccounKngcodes•  FinishedSoMwareisDeadSoMware– LivingsoMwarechanges– DeadsoMwaredoesn’t– LivingsoMwaredoesn’tend

•  ProjectthinkingkillssoMware

BeyondProjects

Anewmodel….

Waterfall2.0

Jonathon’sRunFall,PennsylvaniabyHubertStoffels(h1p://flickr.com/photos/22195940@N00)CreaKveCommonsLicense

ConKnuousFlow

GetgoodatsmallOpKmize&OrganizeforlotsofsmallDeliversmallincrementsofvalueAndevaluateresults

StreamTeams

ConKnuityinteamsAlignwithbusiness

ProductServiceBusinessLine

Devolveauthority:Efficiencyinmakinglotsofsmalldecisions

Valueseeking&delivering

ValueseekingIdenKfyDeliverAndEVALUATE

GovernanceofteamsRepeat,don’tstop

Couldthiseverwork?

•  Governancebyresults?•  Failfast,failcheap?

SeemstoworkwellonSandHillRoad…

Feedback

½pricecode:Linz2017

OpHonA OpHonB

#NoProjects/#ProjectLess•  Itain’teverover

allankelly-allan@allankelly.netTwi1er:@allankellynet

½pricecod

e:

Linz2017

#NoProjectsLeanPub

h1ps://leanpub.com/noprojects

Appendix

EndDateconsideredharmful

Laterequirementsconsideredinferior

ChangeGovernance

BaseGovernanceonactualdeliveredbenefits

NotmilestonescompletedNotdocumentsNotbudgets

PicturefromPicasa-CreaKveCommonsLicenseh1p://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:House_of_Parliment_6_2012-07-08.jpg

Whathaveyoudeliveredformelately?

Governancebasedonresults

•  Experimentfriendly– Failuretolerant– Failfast,failcheap(salvage)

•  Alignwithstrategy•  GovernancethroughItera8vePorAolioManagement

IteraKvePor~olioManagement

•  Fixedscheduleforgatereviews•  Reviewwhatisreadyonadate– Benefitdeliveredtodate– PotenKalbenefitifconKnued

RaKonalenddates?

IntheUSmorethanhalfofthelargeprojects…predeterminedenddateisselected,anditisforcedontheproject

byarbitrarydecree.

CapersJones,2008

SoluKon

Worktothebusinessdeadline

DowhatyoucanintheKmeDogoodwork

CorporatePsychopathyProcessbywhichcorporaKonsdisbandperformingteamsand

releasestaff

SoluKon

Organizeworkaroundthatwhichisstable

Organizebybusinessstream&team

•  Aimforstableteams&conKnuity•  Closetobusiness•  Managequeueswithincapacity

Stream#1DevTeam

DeadlinesGood

EnddatesBad

BigBatchSize

Makelotsofthis!Buildthis! Deliverthis!

Wait Wait

SmallBatchSize

…andkeepgoing

ProjectManager

Notfair!Youmisrepresentus!

Waitaminute….

ProjectManager

Sowhatis“Aproject”?

Wedon’tBreakupteams,orSKckdoggedlytorequirements

Wedo-  Allowchange-  Considervalue-  WorkconKnually

WhydoesPrince2containthisdefiniKon?

Andwhatdoesa“ProjectManager”actuallyManage?

Problem#5:Language

“FalseProjects”

Whenthelanguageofprojectsisusedtodiscussworkwhichisnotaproject

Confusion!

StopconfusingpeopleStopmisleading

yourselves