propaganda movement (in philippine history)

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nal? or

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Factors that gave birth to Philippine Nationalism

The influx of liberal ideas (from abroad) The Spanish Revolution (1868) The opening of the Suez Canal (1869) THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS AND ZAMORA

ThePropagandaMovement

Propaganda Movement

-peaceful crusade or campaign for reforms.

It was organized and participated by the illustrados.

Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena are the leaders of the said movement.

Rise of the Propaganda Movement

It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the Luneta.

The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign cities.

Work of promoting the welfare and happiness of the fatherland.

Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing and speeches, they crusaded for reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish colonial system.

Reforms Desired by the Propaganda

Movement

1) Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws.

2) Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain.

3) Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

…Reforms…

4) Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and expulsion of the friars.

5) Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to meet and petition for redress of grievances.

The Propagandists

were patriots who waged their movement by means of pen and tongue to expose the defects of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the urgency of reforms to remedy them.

They were scions of good families, highly intelligent, educated, patriotic, and courageous, who symbolized the flower of Filipino manhood.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

A lawyer and a journalist

Beloved by masses for his eloquent Tagalog and fearless defense of the poor against friar abuses. 

Physician-novelist and a many splendored genius.

Jose Rizal

Graciano Lopez Jaena

The greatest orator of the Propaganda Movement

Mariano Ponce

A medical student and a biographical writer.

Other Propagandists…

Propagandists Who’s who?

Juan Luna and

Felix HidalgoThe masters of brush.

Pedro Paterno 

A lawyer and man of letters

Antonio LunaPharmacist and essayist

Pedro Serrano Laktaw

Teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso de Bourbon (later King Alfonso XIII of Spain)

Propagandists Who’s who?

Jose Ma. Panganiban

Linguist and essasyist

Fernando Canon 

Engineer and musician

Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political writer

Isabelo delos ReyesFolklorist, newspaperman and a scholar

Dominador Gomez Physician, orator

Foreign Friends of the Propaganda Movement

Foreigners who were lovers of freedom and justice.

supported the Filipinos’ campaign for reforms

Foreign Friends of the PM

Who’s who?

Ferdinand Blumentritt

Austrian professor, scholar Dr.Rizal’s bestfriend Praised Noli and Fili and wrote a “Prologue” to Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Paris, 1890)

Don Juan Atayde One of the liberal Spaniards who aided Filipino propagandis

Foreign Friends of the

PMWho’s who?

…

Founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in September 1882 (a civic association of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid) Published the newspaper Revisa del Circulo Hispano-Filipino

Miguel Morayta

Statesman, historian and journalist Rizal’s professor at the Central University of Madrid

Foreign Friends of the PM

Who’s who?

Francisco Pi y Margall

Former president of the First Spanish Republic

Emilio JunoyA journalistMember of the Cortes

Manuel Ruiz Zorilla

Parliamentarian Leader of the Spanish Republican Party

The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888

Happened on March 1, 1888 The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of Filipino Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila patriotic lawyer

Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos (a London-educated rich merchant; leading Masonic leader)

It requested the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines.

submission of an anti-friar manifesto to acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to Queen Regent Maria Cristina.

titled: “Long Live the Queen! Long Live the Army! Down with the Friars!”

may be written either by M.H. del Pilar or Jose A. Ramos

 it denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop, Pedro Payo, and the bad friars for:* meddling in the movement* enriching themselves contrary to their monastic vow of poverty

* opposing the teaching of the Spanish language to the Filipinos

* keeping the Philippines in obscurantism

Result:* the powerful friars avenged themselves by persecuting the leaders and signers of the manifesto, having them arrested and thrown into prison.

* but the patriotic demonstrators were pardoned in 1889 as an amnesty was issued by the Spanish Queen Regent.

La Solidaridad, Organ of the Propaganda Movement

a newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona on February 15, 1889.

La Solidaridad was created due to the reality that mass media is important in propagating the Propaganda objectives.

Aims of La

Solidaridad(from Jaena’s editorial)

1) to portray vividly the deplorable condition of the Philippines,

2) to work peacefully for the political and social reforms,

3) to combat the evil forces of medieval-

ism and reaction,4) to advocate liberal ideas

and progress5) to champion the legitimate aspirations of

the Filipino people

for democracy and happiness.

^_^

…La Solidaridad, Organ ofthe Propaganda Movement

La Solidaridad was printed in:Barcelona (Feb. 15-Oct. 31, 1889)Madrid (Nov. 15-Nov. 15, 1895)

On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del Pilar replaced G.L. Jaena as its editor.

Contributors of La Solidaridad

M.H. del Pilar (Plaridel)

Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)

Mariano Ponce

(Tigbalang) Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)

Jose Ma. Panganiban

(Jomapa) Dr. Pedro Paterno Antonio Ma. Regidor

Isabelo delos Reyes

Eduardo de Lete Jose Alejandrino

Contributors of La Solidaridad (Foreigner)

Professor Blumentritt

Dr. Morayta

…La Solidaridad, Organ ofthe Propaganda Movement

“We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices that are too little to win the rights and the liberty of a nation that is oppressed by slavery.” (M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)

The publication ended on Nov. 15, 1895 after an existence of seven years.

Literature of the Propaganda Movement

Despite its political spirit, the Propaganda Movement produced certain meritorious literary works which contributed to the blossoming of Filipino literature.

. . .

Writer/s Contributions/Works

Dr. Pedro A. Paterno• doctor of laws• man of letters

“Ninay,” the first Filipino novel (Madrid, 1885) a volume of melodious poems, “Sampaguitas” (Madrid, 1880) “La Antigua Civilizacion Tagalog,” a historical book (Madrid, 1887)

Gregorio Sanciangco• economist• also a doctor of laws

“El Progreso de Filipinas,” authored a book (Madri, 1881)

Writer/s Contributions/Works

. . .

And a treatise on colonial economics and politics in the Philippines.

Marcelo H. del Pilar• lawyer and journalist• excelled as a political

pamphleteer

“Dasalan at Tuksohan” “La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas” “La Frailocracia”

Writer/s Contributions/Works

Graciano Lopez Jaena

“Fray Botod”-(Fat Friar- he ridiculed the friars who became very fat for eating too much and living in luxury at the expense of poor Filipinos, whom they abuse.)

“En Tinielas”-(In Utter Darkness, his article in La Solidaridad; he lambasted the biased Spanish writersfor their absurdities.

Writers Contributions/Works

Antonio Luna “Impressiones” -(a collection of essays describing the customs of the Spaniards in Madrid)

Jose Ma. Panganiban

“La Universidad de Filipinas: Plan de Estudios,” -a critical essay in La Solidaridad which exposed the defects of the church-dominated education in the Philippines.

Isabelo delos Reyes

• folklorist & historian

“El Folk-Lore Filipino” (1887) “Historia de Ilocos (2 volumes; on 1890)

Writers Contributions/Works

Mariano Ponce• biographer

“Celebres Filipinos”

Dr. Rizal• greatest writer of the Propaganda Movement

“Noli Me Tangere” “El Filibusterismo” “La Vision del Frey Rodriguez” (1889) –exposed the stupidities of Fr. Rodriguez “Por Telefono” (1891) –about Fr. Salavador Font

Masonry and the Propaganda Movement

Many Filipino patriots became masons (del Pilar, Jaena, Rizal, Ponce) because they needed the help of the masons in Spain and in other foreign countries for their fight for reforms.

...Masonry and the Propaganda Movement

Revolucion- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge founded by Jaena in Barcelona - recognized on April 1889 by Grande Oriental Español headed by Don Miguel Morayta - died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after Lopez Jaena resigned as worshipful master.

…Masonry and thePropaganda Movement

Lodge Soidaridad- organized by M.H. del Pilar and Julio Llorante in Madrid - recognized on May 1890 by Grande Oriental Español - Llorante (Worshipful Master) - prospered so it was joined in by other Filipinos (Rizal, Pedro Serrano Baldomero Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)

…Masonry and thePropaganda Movement

Lodge Nilad- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge - founded by Serrano Laktaw in Manila on January 6, 1892.

☻Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in Philippines raised the needed funds to finance the campaign for reforms in Spain.

Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)

• Purpose: secure reforms for the Philippines• President: Don Miguel Morayta• V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte• Secretary: Dominador Gomez• Members: all Filipinos in Europe, prominent scholars, statesmen of other nationalities.

...Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)

3 Sections:

1.) Political Section (M.H. del Pilar)2.) Literary Section (M. Ponce)3.) Recreation Section (Tomas Arejola)

…Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)

☻ The members met once a month to discuss Philippine-Spanish questions.

☻ They drew up petitions and passed resolutions.

Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

- a Filipino civic association

founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in a house at Ilaya St., Tondo

its constitution was written by Jose Rizal, helped by Jose Ma. Basa

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

“Unus Instar Omnium”

“One Like All”

* motto *

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

Aims:

1. Union of the Archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous body.

2. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity.

. . .

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

. . .

3. Defense against all violence and injustice.

4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.

5. Study and application of reforms.

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

☻ President: Ambrosio Salvador

☻ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa

☻ Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo

☻ Secretary: Deodato Arellano

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

Members:

☺ Andress Bonifacio☺ Apolinario Mabini☺ Mamerto Natividad☺ Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista☺ Moises Salvador

. . .

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)

. . .

☺ Jose A. Dizon☺ Domingo Franco☺ Timoteo Paez☺ Arcadio del Rosario☺ Numeriano Andriano☺ Timoteo Lanuza

…Liga Filipina(Philippine League) However, three days after the founding of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor General Despujol

On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s collapse.

End of Propaganda Movement Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the end of the Propaganda movement.

Radical members like Andres Bonifacio separated from the movement, believing that it was useless to expect reforms from the Spaniards.

…End of Propaganda Movement

Los Compromisarios- a group organized in

purpose of prolonging the movement

* Each member promised to contribute financially to aid the Propaganda movement in Spain.

…End of Propaganda Movement

(…Los Compromisarios)-among the active members

were:

• Apolinario Mabini• Domingo Franco• Numeriano Andriano• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista• Timoteo Paez (..etc...)

…End of Propaganda Movement

(…Los Compromisarios)- For some months, the

Compromisarios sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La Solidaridad.

- Later, many members stopped paying their contributions so that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.

…End of Propaganda Movement

(…Los Compromisarios)- For some months, the

Compromisarios sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La Solidaridad.

- Later, many members stopped paying their contributions so that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.

…End of Propaganda Movement

For lack of funds, La Solidaridad died out after its last issue on November 15, 1895.

With the demise of the La Solidaridad, the Propaganda Movement consequently ended.

…End of Propaganda Movement

The Propaganda Movement failed,but the ideas of freedom and justice which it sowed paved the ground for the Philippine Revolution that the Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio began in the hills of Balintawak in August 1896.

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Diplomatic Method of Expression

na pinauso ni Rizal noong araw!!!”

Mr. Armando Delfino-Instructor(SSC102C-SE Philippine History)

Prepared by:Rebecca B. BorromeoBSE-2 Eng