protecting building utilities from flood damage

Protecting Building Utilities From Flood Damage Principles and Practices for the Design and Construction of Flood Resistant Building Utility Systems

FEMA P-348, Edition 1 / November 1999

IMPORTANTProtecting Building Utilites From Flood Damage

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!FE 30 Protecting

Building Utilities From Flood Damage

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Principles and Practices for the Design and Construction of Flood Resistant Building Utility SystemsNovember 1999

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Table 1.1.3: Metric conversion factors

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EngineeringPrinciples and Prac-tices of RetrofittingFlood-prone Residen-tial Structures

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! Hazards that have low risk of occurring simultaneously.

! Hazards that have a high risk of occurring simultaneously.

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Fuel Systems:

Figure 1.2.1A:Electric heat pumpdislocated from itsshattered woodenstand by velocityflow in a coastalarea

Figure 1.2.1B:Interior fuel oiltank dislocated bybuoyancy forces

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Electrical Systems:

Figure 1.2.1C:Electrical panelboard damaged byvelocity flow in acoastal area

Wastewater and Water Supply Systems:

Figure 1.2.1D:The result ofsewage back-upthrough a toiletduring a riverineflooding event

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The community must “review all permit applications to determine whetherproposed building sites will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a proposedbuilding site is in a flood-prone area, all new construction and substantialimprovements shall (i) be designed (or modified) and adequately anchoredto prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure resultingfrom hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyan-cy, (ii) be constructed with materials resistant to flood damage, (iii) be con-structed by methods and practices that minimize flood damages, and (iv) beconstructed with electrical heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air condi-tioning equipment and other service facilities that are designed and/or lo-cated so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the com-ponents during conditions of flooding.” [44CFR60.3(a)(3)]

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floodproofing

Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting Flood-prone Residen-tial BuildingsFloodproofing non-Residential Structures.

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Flood Insurance Rate Map

Special Flood Hazard Area

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Appendix B: Glossary of Terms.

Base Flood Elevation (BFE):

Basement

Design Flood Elevation (DFE)

Enclosed Area Below the FPE

Flood Protection Elevation (FPE):

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Freeboard:

Lowest Floor

New Construction:

Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA):

Structure:

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Substantial Improvement:

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! Flood-resistant Materi-als Requirements

! Non-residential Flood-proofing Requirements and Certification

! Elevator Installation

! Homeowners Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways Of ProtectingYour Home From Flood Damage

! Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting FloodProne Residential Buildings

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Table 2.6.1

National Code Series

Standard Code Series

Uniform Code Series:

International Code Series:

One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code:

NFPA Life Safety Code:

Manufactured Housing Regulations and Accompanying Standards:

Flood Re-sistant Design andConstruction

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Table 2.6.1: Model code groups and associated model codes

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INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE(2000)

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE(2000)

ICC Mission

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INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE(1997)

INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL CODE(1997)

INTERNATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE(1997)

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INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE(1998)

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE(1999)

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INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE(Date not available)

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ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures

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FLOOD 1997 - ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS!

The wire/cable would not need to bereplaced if PRMD were presented with a report showing the results

$%&'()*+,-./,)0%1+,2

of a high voltage test (such as a “megger test”) of the wiring indicat-ing the insulation has not failed. This test must be performed by alicensed electrician.

FLOOD 97 - ELECTRICAL CHECKLIST

MANDATORY ITEMS REQUIRING REPLACEMENT

$%&'()*+,-./,)0%1+,2

#tiucriC tiucriCfoepyT gnidaeRtseT tseTfoetaD

TEST RESULTS

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>?@ABCD

>E&BC&B- A*<'!"# 5+189,.=129+ !"#$F

-'=129+0!"% ?G@>)-401'60 !"%$%!"F H.'3)-401'60 !"F$%!"! C3'=182=*3)-401'60 !"!$%!"I -'(*<')J*+*<'6'+1)-401'60 !"I$%!"K A91*/3')L*1'8)-401'60 !"K$%

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&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<05+189,.=129+

!"# 5+189,.=129+

Engineer-ing Principles andPractices for Retrofit-ting Flood-prone Res-idential Buildings

Floodproofing non-Residential Structures.

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Table 3.0

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<05+189,.=129+

FLOOD RESISTANT NEW CONSTRUCTION CHECKLIST

Table 3.0: Checklist for building support utility systems in new construction

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,@?A4B%

!"#!"#!"#!"#

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A>:\@,A).2&(!"#"#U((<=>?(/3/0&5(H8568*&*0/ !"#$GA).2&(!"#"GU((,-55)73(8W(%I4C(J&;-2)018*/ !"#$MA).2&(!"#"RU((?L&H[21/0(08()1+(1*(0L&(7&91&'(8W(67868/&+(+&/1;*/(((((((((((((((((((((((W87(H85621)*H&('10L(I&+&7)2D(,0)0&D()*+(28H)2(7&;-2)018*/ !"#$#R

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!"# <&)01*;D(=&*012)01*;D()*+>17(?8*+1018*1*;(E<=>?F(,3/0&5/

!"#"# 4*078+-H018*

Main EquipmentSupporting Distribution System

Table 3.1.1Figure

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Table 3.1.1: HVAC system components

MAIN EQUIPMENT SUPPORTINGDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OUTDOOR

INDOOR

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Figure 3.1.1: Main components of a typical HVAC system in a house in a flood-prone area

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Table 3.1.2

Elevation

Component Protection

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Figure 3.1.3A

Table 3.1.2: Summary of NFIP regulations*Allowed only for those items required to descend below the DFE for service connections.

Methods of Mitigation A Zones V Zones

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Figure 3.1.3A: Electric heat pumps dislodged from their stands by velocity flow during Hurricane Fran in Topsail Beach, North Carolina, in November 1996

@2&9)018*

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Figure 3.1.3B: A cantilevered compressor platform beside a house in a velocity flow area

Figure 3.1.3B

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?8568*&*0(C780&H018*

Figure 3.1.3C

Figure 3.1.3C: Use of flood shields to enclose an outdoor compressor unit at grade

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!"#"M I-7*)H&/D(:812&7/D(N)0&7(<&)0&7/D()*+(B0L&74*+887(@K-165&*0

@2&9)018*

Figure 3.1.4A

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Figure 3.1.4A: Elevation of HVAC components below a floor, but above the DFE

!"#$#Z

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Figure 3.1.4B

Figure 3.1.4B: Elevated furnace with cooling coil, electronic air cleaner, and automatic humidifier located in the attic

!"#$##

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Figure 3.1.4C

Figure 3.1.4C: Elevation of mechnical equipment on a platform in an area used only for storage, building access, or parking

!"#$#G

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<=>?(,3/0&5/

?8568*&*0(C780&H018*

Figure 3.1.4D

Figure 3.1.4D: Watertight enclosure of mechnical equipment in an area used only for building access, parking, or storage

!"#$#!

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!"#"P ,-668701*;(Q1/071.-018*(,3/0&5/

@2&9)018*

!"#$#M

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?8568*&*0(C780&H018*

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Figure 3.1.6Table

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Figure 3.1.6: Steps involved in the design of a flood resistant HVAC system

!"#$#R

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FLOOD RESISTANT HVAC SYSTEM CHECKLIST

! ! ! ! ! !

Table 3.1.6: Checklist to aid in the review of proposed designs for compliance with Federal, State, and local regulations

!"#$#Y

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Sketch sheet(for details, notes, or data regarding system installations)

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->?@5A&

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!"# =.'3)-401'60

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Figure 3.2.1

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Table 3.2.2

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Figure 3.2.1: An outline of a fuel system with the fuel tank elevated on a platform beside a house on a crawl space in a flood-prone area

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Elevation

!"#"! =.'3)-198*<')@*+F0

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>3':*129+

Figure 3.2.3A

Figure 3.2.3B

Figure 3.2.3A: A fueltank elevated abovethe DFE on a platformin a velocity flow area

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Figure 3.2.3B: A fuel tank elevated on structural fill

?9679+'+1)B891'C129+

R")R+CS982+<)@*+F0);'39()K89.+,

Figure 3.2.3C.

Fig-ure 3.2.3D.

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Figure 3.2.3C: An underground fuel tank anchored to a concrete counterweight

Figure 3.2.3D: An underground fuel tank anchored onto poured-in-place concrete counterweights

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

;")R+CS982+<)@*+F0)R/9:')K89.+,

Mounting and strapping a tank onto a concrete slab or strappinga tank onto concrete counterweights on both sides of the tank.

Figure 3.2.3E Figure 3.2.3F,

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Figure 3.2.3E: A typical tie down strap configuration of a horizontal propane tank

Figure 3.2.3F: A typical tie down configuration of a horizontal propane tank using brackets

!"#$%X

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Strapping a tank to earth augers.

?")]*.31)@*+F0

!"#$%%

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

!"#"!"% ?*3C.3*129+)9H);.94*+C4)=98C'0

Figure 3.2.3.1A

Fb = 0.134VtγγγγγFS

Where: Fb

0.134γ

Formula 3.2.3.1A: Calculation of buoyancy force exerted on a tank (tank buoyancy)

Formula 3.2.3.1B: Calculation of net buoyancy force

Net Buoyancy = Tank Buoyancy ) - Tank Weight - Equivalent flood weight of soil (see Table 3.2.3.1A) acting as a counterweight(s) over Tank

!"#$%#

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Formula 3.2.3.1C: Calculation of the number of hold down straps

Net BuoyancyNo. of Hold Down Straps Required = _________________________________

Allowable Working Load of each strap

Formula 3.2.3.1D: Calculation of the volume of concrete necessary to resist buoyancy

Table 3.2.3.1A: Effective Equivalent Fluid Weight of Soil(s)

Table 3.2.3.1B: Soil Type Definitions Based on USDA Unified Soil Classification

Net Buoyancy Vc = ___________________ FS Density of Concrete[ ]

Column A Column B

Soil Type*S, Equivalent FluidWeight of Moist Soil

(pounds per cubic foot)

Equivalent FluidWeight of Submerged

Soil and Water(pounds per cubic foot)

SoilType

GroupSymbol Description

!"#$%!

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Figure 3.2.3.1A: Tank lifted by buoyancy forces

Figure 3.2.3.1B: Flow chart of buoyancy force calculations

Figure 3.2.3.1B Example 3.2.3.1 Figure3.2.3.1A

!"#$%G

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Example 3.2.3.1: Calculation of allowable load for tank straps

Step 1: Formula 3.2.3.1A Buoyancy Force (Fb)

Fb 5,435 lb.

Step 2:

!"#$%N

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Step 3: Net Buoyancy Force Formula 3.2.3.1BNet Buoyancy 2,612 lb.

Step 4: Formula 3.2.3.1CAllow-

able Load

Allowable Load(lb.)871 lb./strap

Net Buoyancy Force(lb.)Formula 3.2.1D

!"#$%M

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

!"#"G =.'3)I2+'0J)K*0)L'1'80J)?9+1893)B*+'30

>3':*129+

!"#$%U

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

?9679+'+1)B891'C129+

Figure 3.2.4A.

Figure3.2.4B

Figure 3.2.4A: The vertical runs of fuel piping strapped against vertical non-breakaway structures

!"#$%W

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Figure 3.2.4B: The vertical runs of fuel piping embedded in utility shafts strapped to non-breakaway structures

!"#$%O

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

!"#"N ?9+C3.029+

Figure 3.2.5Table 3.2.5

!"#$#X

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Figure 3.2.5: Flow chart of flood resistant fuel system design

!"#$#%

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

Table 3.2.5: Checklist for flood resistant fuel system design

FLOOD RESISTANT FUEL SYSTEM CHECKLIST

" "" "

• " " " " "

!"#$##

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=.'3)-401'60

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/ !"!!"!!"!!"!

,<>?4@%

>@%?<%?, A);&!"! <2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/ !"!#B!"!"$ 4*078+-=018* !"!#B!"!"B %C4A(D&E-17&5&*0/ !"!#F!"!"! A8'&7#G)*+21*;(<E-165&*0 !"!#F!"!"F >8*0782()*+(H0121I)018*(<E-165&*0 !"!#J!"!"K L171*; !"!#M!"!"N >8*=2-/18* !"!#$B

C4OHD<,C1;-7&(!"!"$PQ((?361=)2(&2&=071=)2(/3/0&5(=8*R1;-7)018*(1*()(=855&7=1)2()6621=)018* !"!#!C1;-7&(!"!"$:Q((?361=)2(&2&=071=)2(/3/0&5(=8*R1;-7)018*(1*()(7&/1+&*01)2()6621=)018* !"!#!C1;-7&(!"!"!Q((,07-=0-7&('10S(&2&=071=)2(=8568*&*0/(28=)0&+().89&(0S&(TC< !"!#NC1;-7&(!"!"KPQ((,07-=0-7&('10S(-*+&7;78-*+(&2&=071=)2(R&&+('17& !"!#$$C1;-7&(!"!"K:Q((,07-=0-7&('10S(&2&=071=)2(=8568*&*0/(28=)0&+(.&28'(0S&(TC< !"!#$BC1;-7&(!"!"NQ((C28'(=S)70(8R(R288+(7&/1/0)*0(&2&=071=)2(/3/0&5(+&/1;* !"!#$F

?P:U<,?).2&(!"!"BQ((,-55)73(8R(%C4A(7&;-2)018*/ !"!#F?).2&(!"!"KQ((>S)7)=0&71/01=/(8R(1*/-2)0&+('17&/(V=8*+-=087/W !"!#$X?).2&(!"!"NQ((>S&=Y21/0(R87(R288+(7&/1/0)*0(&2&=071=)2(/3/0&5(+&/1;* !"!#$K

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

!"! <2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

!"!"$ 4*078+-=018*

Power-handling Equipment

Control and Utilization Equipment

Wiring

Figures 3.3.1A 3.3.1B

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Figure 3.3.1A: Typical electrical system configuration in a commercial application

Figure 3.3.1B: Typical electrical system configuration in a residential application

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

!"!"B %C4A(D&E-17&5&*0/

Table 3.3.2

Elevation

!"!"! A8'&7#G)*+21*;(<E-165&*0

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

<2&9)018*

. Figure 3.3.3

D&28=)018*

>8568*&*0(A780&=018*

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Figure 3.3.3: Structure with electrical components located above the DFE

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

!"!"F >8*0782()*+(H0121I)018*(<E-165&*0

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

<2&9)018*

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

>8568*&*0(A780&=018*[4/82)018*

!"!"K L171*;

Table 3.3.5

!"!#$X

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

<2&9)018*()*+(>8568*&*0(A780&=018*

Figure 3.3.5A

Figure 3.3.5B

Table 3.3.5: Characteristics of insulated wires (conductors)

Trade Name Type Letter Maximum OperatingTemperature Application Provisions

!"!#$$

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Figure 3.3.5A: Structure with underground electrical feed wire

!"!#$B

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

!"!"N >8*=2-/18*

Figure 3.3.5B: Structure with electrical components located below the DFE

!"!#$!

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Fig-ure 3.3.6

Table3.3.6

!"!#$F

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Figure 3.3.6: Flow chart of flood resistant electrical system design

!"!#$K

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

Table 3.3.6: Checklist for flood resistant electrical system design

FLOOD RESISTANT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CHECKLIST

• ! !

• ! ! ! !

• ! ! ! ! ! !

• ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! !

!"!#$N

%&'()*+(,-./0)*01)223(456789&+(:-12+1*;/<2&=071=)2(,3/0&5/

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

->?@5A&

!"#!"#!"#!"#

?A&@>&@- B*<'!"# -'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60 !"#$C!"#"% 5+189,.D129+ !"#$C!"#"C &E5B)F'<.3*129+0 !"#$#!"#"! @8'*16'+1GH20790*3)?9679+'+10 !"#$#!"#"# ?933'D129+)?9679+'+10 !"#$%I!"#"J ?9+D3.029+ !"#$CC

E5KLF>-E2<.8')!"#"!MN))@O')D9679+'+10)9P)*)7./32D)0'(*<'))))))))))))))))))))))))))6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6)2+)*):'39D214)P39()*8'* !"#$IE2<.8')!"#"!;N))@O')D9679+'+10)9P)*)7./32D)0'(*<')))))))))))))))))))))))))))6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6)2+)*)+9+$:'39D214)P39()*8'* !"#$QE2<.8')!"#"!?N))@O')D9679+'+10)9P)*)1472D*3)9+$021'))))))))))))))))))))))))))0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6)2+)*):'39D214)P39()*8'* !"#$RE2<.8')!"#"!HN))@O')D9679+'+10)9P)*)1472D*3)9+$021')))))))))))))))))))))))))))0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6)2+)*)+9+$:'39D214)P39()*8'* !"#$SE2<.8')!"#"!>N))?9679+'+10)9P)*)1472D*3)T9:'8O'*,)0'('8U !"#$%%E2<.8')!"#"!EN))>V*673'0)9P)*+)'V7*+02:')8.//'8)(*33)98)P3998)7'+'18*129+)0'*3 !"#$%!E2<.8')!"#"!KN))-'*3',)0'712D)1*+W)(21O)32,)*+,)*DD'00)D9:'8 !"#$%!E2<.8')!"#"!XN))M+)9+$021')0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)))))))))))))))))))))))))))0401'6).02+<)*+)'3':*1',)18'*16'+1)1*+W)(21O2+)*)Y)Z9+' !"#$%JE2<.8')!"#"#MN));*DWP39()D9+,2129+0)(21O)+9+$8'1.8+)/*DWP39():*3:')2+01*33', !"#$%RE2<.8')!"#"#;N));*DWP39():*3:'[*)DO'DW):*3:')*+,))))))))))))))))))))))))))<*1'):*3:')(21O)*+)'PP3.'+1)7.67)/47*00 !"#$%SE2<.8')!"#"#?N))M)0'8:2D')D9++'D129+)727')018*77',)19)*)723' !"#$C%E2<.8')!"#"#HN))M)0'8:2D')D9++'D129+)727')'+D390',)2+)*).123214)0O*P1 !"#$C%E2<.8')!"#"#>N))@97):2'()9P).123214)0O*P1)6*,')9P))))))))))))))))))))))))))6'1*3)P8*62+<)(21O)D'6'+1)/9*8,)*+,)01.DD9 !"#$CCE2<.8')!"#"JMN)E39()DO*81)9P)9+$021')P399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$C#E2<.8')!"#"J;N)E39()DO*81)9P)9PP$021')P399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$CJ

@M;\>-@*/3')!"#"CN))-.66*84)9P)&E5B)8'<.3*129+0 !"#$#@*/3')!"#"JMN))?O'DW3201)P98)9+$021')P399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$CI@*/3')!"#"J;N))?O'DW3201)P98)9PP$021')P399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$CQ

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"# -'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#"% 5+189,.D129+

Treatment/Disposal Components

Collection Components

K'+'8*3)-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'6)X*]*8,0

Back-up

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Physical damage

Contamination

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#"C &E5B)F'^.28'6'+10

Table 3.4.2

Elevation

!"#"! @8'*16'+1GH20790*3)?9679+'+10

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

B./32D)*+,)A+$-21')-'(*<')@8'*16'+1GH20790*3)-401'60Public sewage treatment/disposal systems

Figure 3.4.3A Figure 3.4.3B

On-site sewage treatment/disposal systems

Figure 3.4.3C Figure 3.4.3D .

M31'8+*1')-'(*<')-401'60

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.3A: The components of a public sewage management system in a velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.3B: The components of a public sewage management system in a non-velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.3C: The components of a typical on-site sewage management system in a velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.3D: The components of a typical on-site sewage management system in a non-velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$%_

M")A+$021')-'(*<')-198*<')@*+W

;")A+$021')-'(*<')>PP3.'+1)>`'D198)B.67

?")TA:'8O'*,U)?9++'D129+0)2+)&9+$F'02,'+12*3a)))))H84)E399,7899P',);.23,2+<0)2+)M)Z9+'0

!"#$%%

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

APP)021')0'712D)0401'60

Figure 3.4.3E: Com-ponents of a typical“overhead” sewer

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$%C

b*33)B'+'18*129+0)*+,)MDD'00'019)-'712D)@*+W0)*+,)=*+O93'0

Wall Penetrations

Figure 3.4.3F Septic Tank or Manhole Access Cover Figure 3.4.3G

Inspection Pipe

!"#$%!

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.3F: Examples of an expansive rubber wall or floor penetration seal

Figure 3.4.3G: Sealed septic tank with lid and access cover

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$%#

;")B891'D12+<)H20182/.129+)B27'0)2+)\'*DO)E2'3,0

>3':*1',)@8'*16'+1)@*+W0

!"#$%J

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.43H,

Figure 3.4.3H: An on-site sewage management system using an elevated treatment tank within a V Zone

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$%I

!"#"# ?933'D129+)?9679+'+10

Mitigation ofFlood and ErosionDamage to Residen-tial Buildings inCoastal Areas

!"#$%Q

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

>3':*129+

?9679+'+1)B891'D129+

Y*3:'0

Figure 3.4.4A

check valve

gate valve

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$%R

Figure 3.4.4A: Backflow conditions with non-return backflow valve installed

!"#$%S

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.4B.

Figure 3.4.4B: Backflow valve—a check valve and gate valve with an effluent pump bypass

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$C_

-'('8)-'8:2D')?9++'D129+)B27'

Figure 3.4.4C.

!"#$C%

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.4D

Figure 3.4.4C: A service connection pipe strapped to a pile

Figure 3.4.4D: A service connection pipe enclosed in a utility shaft

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$CC

Figure 3.4.4E.

!"#"J ?9+D3.029+

Tables 3.4.5A 3.4.5B

Figure 3.4.4E: Top view of utility shaft made of metal framing with cement board and stucco

!"#$C!

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$C#

Figure 3.4.5A: Flow chart of on-site flood resistant sewage management system design

• •

!"#$CJ

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Figure 3.4.5B: Flow chart of off-site flood resistant sewage management system design

• •

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$CI

Table 3.4.5A: Checklist for on-site flood resistant sewage management system design

FLOOD RESISTANT ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHECKLIST

• ! !

! ! ! !

!"#$CQ

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

Table 3.4.5B: Checklist for off-site flood resistant sewage management system design

FLOOD RESISTANT OFF-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHECKLIST

• ! ! ! !

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0-'(*<')=*+*<'6'+1)-401'60

!"#$CR

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

?@&AB&A- =*<'!"# =91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60 !"#$C!"#"% 5+189,.D129+ !"#$C!"#"C &E5=)F'G.28'6'+10 !"#$H!"#"! -.7734)-401'60 !"#$I!"#"J K20182/.129+)?9679+'+10 !"#$I!"#"# ?9+D3.029+ !"#$L

E5MNFB-E2<.8')!"#"%OP))?9679+'+10)9Q)*)7./32D)791*/3')(*1'8))))))))))))))))))))))))))0.7734)0401'6)2+)*)+9+$:'39D214)Q39()*8'* !"#$!E2<.8')!"#"%;P))?9679+'+10)9Q)*)7./32D)791*/3')(*1'8))))))))))))))))))))))))))0.7734)0401'6)2+)*):'39D214)Q39()*8'* !"#$JE2<.8')!"#"%?P))AR')D9679+'+10)9Q)*+)9+$021')791*/3')(*1'8)0401'6 !"#$#E2<.8')!"#"#P))E39()DR*81)9Q)Q399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$%S

AO;TB-A*/3')!"#"CP))-.66*84)9Q)&E5=)8'<.3*129+0 !"#$HA*/3')!"#"#P))?R'DU3201)Q98)Q399,)8'0201*+1)0'(*<')6*+*<'6'+1)0401'6),'02<+ !"#$%%

-B?A5@&

!"#!"#!"#!"#

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

!"# =91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

!"#"% 5+189,.D129+

Water Supply Systems

Figure 3.5.1C

Distribution Components

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

Figure 3.5.1A: Components of a public potable water supply system in a non-velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

Figure 3.5.1B: Components of a public potable water supply system in a velocity flow area

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

Figure 3.5.1C: The components of an on-site potable water system

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

!"#"C &E5=)F'G.28'6'+10

Table 3.5.2

Elevation

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

!"#"! -.7734)-401'60

=891'D12+<)@+$-21')>*1'8)>'330

!"#"J K20182/.129+)?9679+'+10

Flood-proofing Non-Resi-dential Structures,

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

B3':*129+

?9679+'+1)=891'D129+

Figure 3.1.4.D

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

!"#"# ?9+D3.029+

Figure 3.5.5

Table 3.5.5

!"#$%S

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

Figure 3.5.5: Flow chart of flood resistant sewage management system design

!"#$%%

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

Table 3.5.5: Checklist for flood resistant sewage management system design

FLOOD RESISTANT POTABLE WATER SYSTEM CHECKLIST

• ! ! ! ! !

!"#$%C

&'()*+,)-./01*+12*334)56789:',);.23,2+<0=91*/3')>*1'8)-401'60

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'01234$5

!!!!0674$748 39*:!;< =)(>?/-@(&?) !"A!;# B:(C?/'+?D+E.??/F>??D&)*+$%&'(&)*+G(&.&(H+8H'(:I'+JH+5:(>?D&((&)* !"K!;A E&:./+=)L:'(&*9(&?) !"!!;K 5:(>?D&((&)*+8@:)9>&?' !"M

E=NG5$8E&*->:+!;#2O++$.:L9(:/+9&>+@?)/&(&?)&)*+@?IF>:''?> !"KE&*->:+!;#,O++E.??/+:)@.?'->:+(?+F>?(:@(+-(&.&(&:'+D>?I+'C9..?P+D.??/&)* !"KE&*->:+!;AO++5:(>?D&((&)*+D&:./+&)L:'(&*9(&?)+P?>Q'C::( !"R

42,S$49J.:+!;KO++8F:@&9.+@?)@:>)'+D?>+D&L:+J-&./&)*+(HF:' !"M

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!;< =)(>?/-@(&?)

! Replace the system with a like system

! Implement low-cost retrofits similar to those recommended in thischapter

! Mitigate future damage using the standards outlined in Chapter 3

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!;# B:(C?/'+?D+E.??/F>??D&)*$%&'(&)*+G(&.&(H+8H'(:I'+JH+5:(>?D&((&)*

! Elevation/Relocation

Fig-ure 4.1A

Figure 4.1A:Elevated air conditioningcompressor

! Component Protection

Figure 4.1B

Figure 4.1B:Flood enclosure to protect utilitiesfrom shallow flooding

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!;A E&:./+=)L:'(&*9(&?)

Figure 4.2

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

Figure 4.2: Retrofitting field investigation worksheet (page 1 of 3)

Flood Resistant Retrofitting Field Investigation Worksheet

HVAC System!!!!!!!!!!!!

Fuel System!!

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!!!!!!!!

Electrical System!!!!!!!

Sewage Management Systems!!!

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!!!!!!!!

Potable Water Systems!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

!;K 5:(>?D&((&)*+8@:)9>&?'Overview

Table 4.3

Table 4.3: Special concerns for five building types

! ! ! !

! ! ! ! !

! ! ! !

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

Evaluation of Risk

2)9.H'&'+?D+W9>&?-'+G(&.&(H+8H'(:I'

1. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

2. Fuel Systems

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

3. Electrical Systems

$%&'(&)*+,-&./&)*'

4. Sewage Management Systems

5. Potable Water Systems

!$$%&'()*!*"*+(,-(./01$23*1&'*4.506%7*.8*9&8.0:1;(.&!<<=>?9@

!!!!+(,-(./01$23*1&'*4.506%7*.8*9&8.0:1;(.&

Federal Emergency Management AgencyHomeowners Guide to Retrofitting - Six Ways To Protect YourHouse From Flooding

Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting Flood ProneResidential Buildings

Mitigation of Flood and Erosion Damage to Residential Buildingsin Coastal Areas

Interim Guidance for State and Local Officials: Increased Cost ofCompliance Coverage

Guidance on Estimating Substantial Damage Using the NFIP,Substantial Damage Estimating

Answers to Questions About Substantially Damaged Buildings

Floodproofing Non-Residential Structures

User’s GuideOpenings in Foundation WallsFlood-Resistant Material RequirementsNon-Residential Floodproofing - Requirements and Certification

Elevator InstallationFree-of-Obstruction Requirements

1-800-480-2520

!$$%&'()*!*"*+(,-(./01$23*1&'*4.506%7*.8*9&8.0:1;(.&

Below-Grade Parking Requirements

Wet Floodproofing Requirements

Corrosion Protection for Metal Connectors inCoastal Areas

Design and Construction Guidance for Breakaway WallsBelow Coastal Buildings

Federal Emergency Management Agency and the American Red CrossRepairing Your Flooded Home

Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Associationof Home Builders Best Build 3: Protecting a Flood-Prone Home

Florida Department of Community Affairs

Retrofitting and Flood Mitigation in Florida

Illinois Department of Transportation, Division of Water ResourcesFlooded Basements: A Homeowner's Guide

Flood Hazard MitigationProtect Your Home from Flood DamageElevating or Relocating a House to Reduce Flood Damage

Illinois Department of Transportation, Division of Water Resources,and University of Illinois, Small Homes Council - Building ResearchCouncil Elevating Flood-Prone Buildings: A Contractor's Guide

U.S. Army Corps of EngineersFlood-Proofing RegulationsA Flood Proofing Success Story Along Dry Creek at Goodlettsville,TennesseeLocal Flood Proofing Programs

!$$%&'()*!*"*+(,-(./01$23*1&'*4.506%7*.8*9&8.0:1;(.&

Flood Proofing - How to Evaluate Your OptionsFlood Proofing Techniques, Programs, and ReferencesFlood Proofing Performance, Successes & FailuresRaising and Moving a Slab-on-Grade House

Flood Proofing Tests, Tests of Materials and Systems for FloodProofing Structures

Flood Proofing Systems and Techniques

American Red Cross

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers

Applied Technology Council

Association of State Floodplain Managers

Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware

Earthquake Hazards Mitigation Information Network

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Gas Appliance Manufacturer’s Association

Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center (HRRC), Texas A&M

!$$%&'()*!*"*+(,-(./01$23*1&'*4.506%7*.8*9&8.0:1;(.&

National Association of Home Builders

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

National Association of Plumbing & Heating-Cooling Contractors

National Geophysical Data Center / WDC-A for Solid EarthGeophysics, Boulder, Colorado

National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, Universityof California at Berkeley

Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado

U.S. Geological Survey - Earthquake Hazards and Preparedness

U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service

Wind Engineering Research Center, Texas Tech University

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/$66789:;

!!!!,-.//012+.3+4&15/

A-Zones

Active retrofitting method

Adjacent grade

Alluvial fan flooding

Alluvial fan

Backfill

Backflow valve

Base flood

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Base Flood Elevation (BFE)

Basement

Breakaway wall

Cast-in-place concrete

Caulking

Check valve

Closure

Coastal High Hazard Area

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Column

Compaction

Crawl space

Cribbing

Datum plane

Debris

Design capacity

Design Flood Elevation (DFE)

Dry floodproofing

Elevation

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Elevation datum plane

Erosion

Existing construction

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Federal Insurance Administration (FIA)

Flap valve

Flash flood

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Flood depth

Flood duration

Flood elevation

Flood frequency

Flood fringe

Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM)

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)

Flood Insurance Study (FIS)

Floodplain

Floodplain management

Floodproofing

Floodwall

Floodway

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Flow velocity

Footing

Foundation

Foundation walls

Freeboard

Frequency

Gate valve

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Hazard mitigation

Human intervention

Hydrodynamic force

Hydrostatic force

Impervious soils

Local officials

Lowest Adjacent Grade (LAG)

Lowest floor

Masonry veneer

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Mean Sea Level (MSL)

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD)

North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Plane (NAVD)

100-Year Flood

Openings

Passive retrofitting method

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Permeable soils

Piling

Precast concrete

Rates of rise and fall

Regulatory floodplain

Regulatory floodway

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Reinforcement

Relocation

Retrofitting

Riprap

Saturated soils

Sealant

Service equipment

Slab-on-grade

Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Storm surge

Subgrade

Substantial damage

Substantial improvement

Sump pump

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-.//012+.3+4&15/

Tsunami

Veneer

V-Zone

Walkout-on-grade basement

Wet floodproofing

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-.$+/00)1&2$33-4567

!!!!,-.$+/00)1&2

FEMA HEADQUARTERS

REGION I - CT, ME, NH, RI, VT

REGION II - NJ, NY, PR, VI

REGION III - DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

REGION IV - AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

REGION V - IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-.$+/00)1&2

REGION VI - AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

REGION VII - IA, KS, MO, NE

REGION VIII - CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY

REGION IX - AZ, CA, HI, NV

REGION X - AK, ID, OR, WA

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8$//9,!.:

!!!!,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8$;$<$=$Alabama Emergency Management Agency

$;$0>$Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs

$?.@A,$Arizona Department of Water Resources

$?>$,0$0Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission

3$;.-A?,.$California Department of Water Resources

3A;A?$!AColorado Water Conservation Board

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

3A,,93C.3DCState Department of Environmental Protection

!9;$E$?9Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control

!.0C?.3C+A-+3A;D=<.$Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs

-;A?.!$Department of Community Affairs

F9A?F.$Department of Natural Resources

G$E$..Hawaii Board of Land and Natural Resources

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

.!$GADepartment of Water Resources

.;;.,A.0Illinois Department of Natural Resources

.,!.$,$Indiana Department of Natural Resources

.AE$Iowa Department of Natural Resources

>$,0$0Kansas Division of Water Resources

>9,CD3>IKentucky Department of Natural Resources

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

;AD.0.$,$Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development

=$.,9Maine State Planning Office

=$?I;$,!Maryland Water Resources Administration

=$00$3GD09CC0Massachusetts Division of Water Resources

=.3G.F$,Michigan Land and Water Management Division

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

=.,,90AC$Flood Plains/Shoreline Management Section

=.00.00.//.Mississippi Emergency Management Agency

=.00AD?.Missouri Emergency Management Agency

=A,C$,$Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation

,9<?$0>$Nebraska Natural Resources Commission

,9L$!$Nevada Division of Water Planning

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

,9E+G$=/0G.?9Governor's Office of Emergency Management

,9E+N9?09INew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

,9E+=9:.3ANew Mexico Emergency Management Bureau

,9E+IA?>New York Department of Environmental Conservation

,A?CG+3$?A;.,$North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety

,A?CG+!$>AC$North Dakota State Water Commission

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

AG.AOhio Department of Natural Resources

A>;$GA=$Oklahoma Water Resources Board

A?9FA,Department of Land Conservation Development

/9,,0I;L$,.$Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development

?GA!9+.0;$,!Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency

0ADCG+3$?A;.,$South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

0ADCG+!$>AC$South Dakota Disaster Assistance Programs

C9,,90099Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development

C9:$0Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission

DC$GUtah Department of Public Safety

L9?=A,CVermont Agency of Natural Resources

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

L.?F.,.$Virginia Department of Conservation and Historic Resources

E$0G.,FCA,Washington Department of Ecology

E90C+L.?F.,.$West Virginia Office of Emergency Services

E.03A,0.,Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

EIA=.,FWyoming Emergency Management Agency

FD$=+RS##T+MO#"JOO"QPJ#Guam Department of Public Works

$%%&'()*+! +"+,-./+0121&+3445()'21)'6+$6&'7)&8

/D9?CA+?.3APuerto Rico Planning Board

L.?F.,+.0;$,!0Department of Planning and Natural Resources

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-./&00).'12+3-41')516).'0$,,!789:

!!!!,-./&00).'12+3-41')516).'0

American Institute of Architects

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

National Association of Home Builders

Gas Appliance Manufacturer’s Association

National Association of Plumbing & Heating-Cooling Contractors

American Society of Heating, Refrigerationand Air Conditioning Engineers

$%%&'()*+!+"+,-./&00).'12+3-41')516).'0

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

FEMA P-348Catalog No. 09125-1

. DEPARTMENT O

ELAND SECURITY

protecting building utilities from flood damage

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