protective relaying lecture_2_edited.ppt
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LIST OF DEVICE NUMBERLIST OF DEVICE NUMBER
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22 TIME DELAY STARTING OR CLOSING RELAY. TIME DELAY STARTING OR CLOSING RELAY.
33 CHECKING OR INTERLOCKING RELAY. CHECKING OR INTERLOCKING RELAY.
2121 DISTANCE RELAY. DISTANCE RELAY.
2525 SYNCHRONIZING OR SYNCHRONISM CHECK SYNCHRONIZING OR SYNCHRONISM CHECKRELAY.RELAY.
2727 UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY. UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY.
3030 ANNUCIATOR RELAY. ANNUCIATOR RELAY.
3232 DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAY. DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAY.3737 UNDERCURRENT OR UNDERPOWER RELAY. UNDERCURRENT OR UNDERPOWER RELAY.
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40 FIELD FAILURE RELAY.
46 REVERSE PHASE OR PHASE BALANCE CURRENT RELAY.
49 MACHINE OR TRANSFORMER THERMAL RELAY.
50 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT OR RATE OF RISE RELAY.
51 AC TIME OVERCURRENT RELAY.
52 AC CIRCUIT BREAKER.
52A CIRCUIT BREAKER UXILLIARY SWITCH NORMALLY OPEN.
52B CIRCUIT BREAKER AUXILLIARY SWITCH NORMALLY CLOSED.
55 POWER FACTOR RELAY.
56 FIELD APPLICATION RELAY.
59 OVERVOLTAGE RELAY.
60 VOLTAGE OR CURRENT BALANCE RELAY
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6464 EARTH FAULT PROTECTIVE RELAY. EARTH FAULT PROTECTIVE RELAY.
6767 AC DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY. AC DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY.
6868 BLOCKING RELAY. BLOCKING RELAY.
7474 ALARM RELAY. ALARM RELAY.
7676 DC OVERCURRENT RELAY. DC OVERCURRENT RELAY.
7878 PHASE ANGLE MEASURING OR OUT OF STEP PHASE ANGLE MEASURING OR OUT OF STEPPROTECTIVE RELAY.PROTECTIVE RELAY.
7979 AC RECLOSING RELAY. AC RECLOSING RELAY.
8181 FREQUENCY RELAY. FREQUENCY RELAY.
8383 AUTOMATIC SELECTIVE CONTROL OR TRANSFER RELAY. AUTOMATIC SELECTIVE CONTROL OR TRANSFER RELAY.
8585 CARRIER OR PILOT WIRE RECEIVE RELAY. CARRIER OR PILOT WIRE RECEIVE RELAY.8686 LOCKING OUT RELAY. LOCKING OUT RELAY.
8787 DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAY. DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAY.
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LEGENDSLEGENDS
51N51N RESIDUAL GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY 0.5 2.5 A. RESIDUAL GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY 0.5 2.5 A.
6363 SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY. SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY.
63X63X AUXILLIARY RELAY FOR SUDDEN PRESSURE. AUXILLIARY RELAY FOR SUDDEN PRESSURE.
7979 RECLOSING RELAY ! SHOT DC OPERATED TIMER. RECLOSING RELAY ! SHOT DC OPERATED TIMER.
8686 TRIPPING " LOCKOUT RELAY. TRIPPING " LOCKOUT RELAY.
87B87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY HIGH SPEED HIGH BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY HIGH SPEED HIGHINPEDANCE VOLTAGE UNITINPEDANCE VOLTAGE UNIT
WITH LOW INPEDANCE INSTANTANEOUSWITH LOW INPEDANCE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT UNIT. OVERCURRENT UNIT.
87T87T TRANSFORMER BANK DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TRANSFORMER BANK DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PERCENTAGE 2 RESTRAINTS. PERCENTAGE 2 RESTRAINTS.
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LEGENDSLEGENDS
87G87G RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY. RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY.
9494 AUXILLIARY TRIPPING RELAY. AUXILLIARY TRIPPING RELAY.
AA AMMETER AMMETER
KWHKWH BILLING KILOWATT HOUR METER W# DEMAND INDICATOR. BILLING KILOWATT HOUR METER W# DEMAND INDICATOR.
VARVAR VARMETER VARMETER
VV VOLTMETER VOLTMETER
WW WATTMETER WATTMETERASAS AMMETER SWITCH AMMETER SWITCH
VSVS VOLTMETER SWITCH VOLTMETER SWITCH
6767 DUAL POLARIZED TIME " INSTANTANEOUS GROUND DIRECTIONAL DUAL POLARIZED TIME " INSTANTANEOUS GROUND DIRECTIONAL
GTGT OVERCURRENT RELAY. OVERCURRENT RELAY.
1212 ZONE PACKAGE MHO CHARACTERISTICS COMPENSATOR DISTANCE ZONE PACKAGE MHO CHARACTERISTICS COMPENSATOR DISTANCERELAYRELAY
Z-1Z-1 $ZONE %&. $ZONE %&.
2121 ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH OFFSET OPTION ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH OFFSET OPTION
Z-2Z-2 COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY $ZONE 2&. COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY $ZONE 2&.
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LEGENDSLEGENDS
2121 ' ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITH' ZONE PACKAGED MHO CHARACTERISTICS WITHZ-3Z-3 OFFSET OPTION COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAYOFFSET OPTION COMPENSATOR DISTANCE RELAY
$ZONE !&. $ZONE !&.
50H50H HIGH SET NONDIRECTIONAL INSTANTANEOUS HIGH SET NONDIRECTIONAL INSTANTANEOUSOVERCURRENT RELAY. OVERCURRENT RELAY.
22 TOW ZONE TIMING AUXILLIARY RELAY $ATARTING TOW ZONE TIMING AUXILLIARY RELAY $ATARTINGOR CLOSING&. OR CLOSING&.
2727 UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY %%5 VOLTS. UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY %%5 VOLTS.
27X27X UNDERVOLTAGE TIMING RELAY FOR TRANSFER UNDERVOLTAGE TIMING RELAY FOR TRANSFERSCHEME. SCHEME.
5050 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAYS. INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAYS.
50-5150-51 PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY WITH INSTATANEOUS PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY WITH INSTATANEOUSUNIT %.0 %2 A $( '%) A ITT&. UNIT %.0 %2 A $( '%) A ITT&.
51G51G TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL GROUND OVERCURRENT TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL GROUND OVERCURRENTRELAY 0.5 2.5 A. RELAY 0.5 2.5 A.
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01/09/16
PRINCIPLES OFPRINCIPLES OFPROTECTIVE RELAYINGPROTECTIVE RELAYING
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01/09/16
Part 1:Power System Protection
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Electrc !"#er S$%te&Electrc !"#er S$%te&
Electricity is generated at a ower lant !"#$ %oltage is &steed'() *ortransmission !+#, energy tra%els along a transmission line to t-e areaw-ere t-e ower is needed !.#, %oltage is decreased or &steed'down$)at anot-er s(/station !0#$ and a distri/(tion ower line !1# carries t-atelectricity (ntil it reac-es a -ome or /(siness !2#,
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Power System
AB
C
B'c()"*e
+"",e +*e%
.%tr)/t"*
R''l +*e%
Power System Protection
.eler$
S/)%t't"*.eler$
S/)%t't"*
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345KV S#tc$'r
Bank #1 Bank #2 Bank #3
F1 F2 F3 F4
TYPICAL 3ISTRI45TION S54STATIONSingle Line Diagram
F1 F2 F3 F4Bus tie F1 F2 F3 F4
34.5kV switchgear No. 1
83 MVA PXF
with OLTC
115KV S#tc$'r
LEGEND:
Initia
!ti"ate
7.2 MVAR
Capacito Ba!"
Bus No. 2
Bus No. 1
7.2 MVAR
Capacito Ba!"
7.2 MVAR
Capacito Ba!"
Bus tie
#$COM#$%
11&"V L#$' 1
#$COM#$%
11&"V L#$' 2
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W't % !"#er S$%te&W't % !"#er S$%te&
!r"tect"*!r"tect"*
*+,- /-/ *,*+,- /-/ *, P1-3463 R3+*7/8P1-3463 R3+*7/8
91*/4: -; E+3414 P-3191*/4: -; E+3414 P-31E/8/331/8E/8/331/8
S43/43S43/43A1A1*/
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W't % ' ,r"tecte rel'$W't % ' ,r"tecte rel'$
Protective relaysProtective relaysare devices whichare devices whichmonitor power system conditions andmonitor power system conditions and
operate to quickly and accuratelyoperate to quickly and accuratelyisolate faults or dangerous conditions.isolate faults or dangerous conditions.A well designed protective systemA well designed protective system
can limit damage to equipment, ascan limit damage to equipment, aswell as minimize the extent ofwell as minimize the extent ofassociated service interruption.associated service interruption.
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!/r,"%e " S$%te& !r"tect"*!/r,"%e " S$%te& !r"tect"*
T- =1363/ />?17 - =31,-//3+T- =1363/ />?17 - =31,-//3+
T- @/@3
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"&,"*e*t% " !"#er S$%te&"&,"*e*t% " !"#er S$%te&
!r"tect"*!r"tect"*
R3+*7,R3+*7,
C14? B13*31,C14? B13*31,T1*/,
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Tr'*%/cer%
!T T Rel'$
: ;/'*tte% 're *"r&'lee)'c(
S=*'l%
Se*%"r :*%tr/&e*t
Tr'*%"r&er%
Components of Power System Protection
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Comonents o* Power SystemComonents o* Power System
ProtectionProtection
S*-/
B*317
T1*/,@,,-/
L/3
T1= C-+
R3+*7 C-/*4,
B T
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A)*"r&'lte% * !"#erA)*"r&'lte% * !"#er
S$%te&%S$%te&%
O6314?113/O6314?113/ "erl"'< %"rt crc/t< ",e*"erl"'< %"rt crc/t< ",e*
crc/tcrc/t
G1-?/< P-3/*+G1-?/< P-3/*+ /*=r"/*e e;/,&e*t
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>re;/e*c$ " T$,e% ">re;/e*c$ " T$,e% "
>'/lt%>'/lt%
T$,e "
>'/lt?
@cc/rre*ce
SLG
LL
DLG
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5
5
2 -1 +3,,
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>re;/e*c$ " >'/lt @cc/rre*ce>re;/e*c$ " >'/lt @cc/rre*ce
E;/,&e*t
? " T"t'l
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T1*/,;-1@31,
CT, */< PT,
C-/1-+ E?=@3/
M,43++*/3-?,
50%0
%5
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2
!
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&R3+*9+7R3+*9+7 D3=3/
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
Rel')lt$Rel')lt$
T:3 +363+ -; *,,?1*/43 :* :3 13+*7 ++ ;?/4-/ *,T:3 +363+ -; *,,?1*/43 :* :3 13+*7 ++ ;?/4-/ *,
/3/
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
Se*%tt$Se*%tt$
R3+*7/8 3?=@3/ @?, 93 ,?;;43/+7 ,3/,63 ,-R3+*7/8 3?=@3/ @?, 93 ,?;;43/+7 ,3/,63 ,-
:* ++ -=31*3 :3/ 13?13
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
Selectt$Selectt$
P31;-1@*/43 -; =1-3463
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
S,eeS,ee
R3@-63 * ;*?+ ;1-@ :3 =-31 ,7,3@ *, ?4+7 *,R3@-63 * ;*?+ ;1-@ :3 =-31 ,7,3@ *, ?4+7 *,
=-,,9+3=-,,9+3C+*,,;4*-/C+*,,;4*-/
I/,*/*/3-?, ' /- /3/-/*+
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
Ec"*"&c%Ec"*"&c%
M*@?@ =1-34-/ * @/@?@ 4-,M*@?@ =1-34-/ * @/@?@ 4-,
:3 4-, -; /,*++*-/ -=31*-/ */< @*/3/*/43 -;:3 4-, -; /,*++*-/ -=31*-/ */< @*/3/*/43 -;:3 =1-34-/ ,7,3@ :4: @?, 93 38:3
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>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*>'ct"r% Wc :*l/e*ce .e%=*
" ' !r"tecte S$%te&" ' !r"tecte S$%te&
E,ere*ceE,ere*ce
H,-17 */< */4=*-/ -; :3 7=3, -; 1-?9+3 +3+7 -H,-17 */< */4=*-/ -; :3 7=3, -; 1-?9+3 +3+7 -
93 3/4-?/313
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Ind(stry StandardsThe Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) andother organization provides industr standards through !"SI
or IE#$ These include speci%c standards for man applications$!"SI'$*&1+ ,elas and ,ela Sstem
!ssociated -ith Electric Po-er!pparatus
IEEE STD ./.&10 ,ecommended Practice
for Protection and #oordinationof Industrial and #ommercialPo-er Sstem
Factors Which Influence Design
of a Protective System
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01/09/16
Part .:
Princiles o*Protecti%e Relaying
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3e%eloment o* Protecti%eRelays
Electro'mec-anicalrelay
Solid'state relay
3igital relay
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T:3 @-, 4-@@-/+7 ?,3
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Electro'mec-anicalElectro'mec-anical
Relay6Relay6
( 1st Generation )( 1st Generation )
2perator ,od
Spring
Disc
Time !d3ustment:Tension controlled
#ontacts
#ore
Sensing #oil
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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,
C-@=-,-/ -; :3 1-*/8
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C:*1*431,4 4?163 , -9*/3
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Set 4alue
5 #! E
#omparator Timing#ircuit
2utput
,# 5ased Timing
!# & D##onversion
#urrent Sampling6rom #Ts
Static Relay6Static Relay6
( 2nd( 2nd
Generation )Generation )
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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,
RC T@/8 414?.
T3@=31*?13
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C14*+ C-@=-/3/, $4-//?3
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D3,8/ A==1-*4:
P31-
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C-@=?31'9*,3
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#urrent Sampling
#ontrol ,ela #ontacts
Data 7 !ddress 5us
8icro&processor
5 #! E
!# & D##onversion
!
M3@-17 EPROM
O?=? C-/1-+
#rstal
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroProcessor( MicroProcessor
Based )Based )
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3
AC# DC
R34;4*-/
A/*+-8 - D8*+ C-/631,-/A - D
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroProcessor( MicroProcessor
Based )Based )
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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,
H8: F13?3/47 B?,
S?,43=9+3 - EMI# RFI.
AC# DC " D8*+ C-/631,-/
E;;34 -; O;;,3# H*1@-/4, 34.
CPU
RAM
EPROM
A#D H'F13 B?,
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroProcessor( MicroProcessor
Based )Based )
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C14*+ C-@=-/3/,
H8: F13?3/47 B?,
S?,43=9+3 - EMI# RFI.
AC# DC " D8*+ C-/631,-/
E;;34 -; O;;,3# H*1@-/4, 34.
A - D
N-,3
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroProcessor( MicroProcessor
Based )Based )
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D3,8/ A==1-*4:
RC " LC B*,3< ;+31,
S+- 1==/8 *4-/,
S:3+
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-c"*tr"ller
#urrent Sampling5 #! E
!# & D##onversion
O?=? C-/1-+
Stead state data
,ela #ontacts
#rstal
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroController( MicroController
Based )Based )
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3
L3,,31 /-. -; 4-@=-/3/, :3/43 +3,, 4:*/43 -; ;*+?13.
A++ /343,,*17 =31=:31*+, /'9?+ /- :3 4:=.
M-13 ;?/4-/, 4*/ 93 9?+ / * 4-@=*4 ,=*43.
C-/1-++31
RAMEPROMD34-
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3
A9,3/43 -; 3=-,3< :8: ;13?3/47 9?,
A++ /343,,*17 =31=:31*+, /'9?+ /- :3 4:=.
CPU
RAM EPROM
A#D
"%t eecte tec*"l"=$ ',,r",r'te "r CV ',,lc't"*%
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( MicroController( MicroController
Based )Based )
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-c"*tr"ller
#urrent Sampling5 #! EDirect !#Sampling
O?=? C-/1-+
Stead state data
,ela #ontacts
#rstal S31*+ P-1 To 2utside -orld
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( Numerical Relay )( Numerical Relay )
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3
AC *3/?*-/
A/*+-8 - D8*+ C-/631,-/
N?@314 ;+31/8 " @3*,?13@3/
A - D
3igital Relay63igital Relay6
( Numerical Relay )( Numerical Relay )
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3
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D3,8/ P1/4=+3 $4-//?3
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F3*?13,
V317 ?4 -=31*-/.
I/'9?+ @@?/7 - DC " :*1@-/4, $?/3'/lt >1C'* B52C'* B23C'* B3
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9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
C(rrent 9agnit(deC(rrent 9agnit(de
20 A(0 A%00 A
I/,.0.!5 ,34%.0 ,34
TimeTime
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
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C(rrent 3irectionC(rrent 3irection
3istance 9eas(rement3istance 9eas(rement
8 : V;I o-ms
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
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Time and C(rrentTime and C(rrent
9agnit(de9agnit(de
T&e
/rre*t
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
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Time and 3istanceTime and 3istance
Z"*e3
Z"*e 2
Z"*e 1
T&e
.%t'*ce
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
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C(rrent 4alanceC(rrent 4alance
87T
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
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P-ase ComarisonP-ase Comarison
9et-ods o* 3iscrimination9et-ods o* 3iscrimination
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
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O%erc(rrent Relays ' are oeratedw-en t-e c(rrent assing to t-erelay e
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R''l +*e !r"tect"*R''l +*e !r"tect"*
51
!'%e
Rel'$%
51N
Gr"/*
Rel'$
CTA
B
52
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
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3irectional O%erc(rrent Relays- areoerated w-en t-e c(rrent assingto it e
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3irectional O%erc(rrent Relays
S" "r ' '/lt I/%t 'ter B4 ' rect"*'l "er-c/rre*t
rel'$ 't B3 #ll %ee te '/lt * reer%e #le 't B4
te '/lt % "r#'r l""(*= t/% t #ll tr, B4 "*l$ t"
%"l'te te '/lt
& $1 # 3 4
I ' ($4
I ' ($3
Te %ce&e % *"# %electe '* ' lttle %ec/re
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
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S/,,"%e G1 =e*er't"* )ec"&e% %tr"*=er< te
rect"*'l "erc/rre*t rel'$ " B2 &=t %ee te
'/lt Tere"re< te %ce&e % *"# *"t %ec/re
& $1 # 3 4
I ' ($4
I ' ($3
Te /%e " %t'*ce rel'$ % ,reerre
G1 G2
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
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3istance Relays
9eas(res t-e imedance o* t-e line it/eing roortional to t-e distance o* t-eline *rom t-e s(/station -ence t-e nameimlies,
=idely (sed rotection sc-eme *or
3o(/le'Ended Transmission Line *rom 2>?V ( to as -ig- as 1@@ ?V /y Transco 9ERALCO,
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
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3i7erential Protection3i7erential Protection
:*,/t @/t,/t&
Tyes O* Protecti%e Relays
Differential 'elay
( relay that )y its *esign or application is inten*e* to
respon* to the *ifference )etween incoming an*
outgoing electrical +uantities associate* with the
protecte* apparatus,
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CT
CT
PC4
PO=ERTRANSFOR9E
R
1@;1"
"1"GPC4
-ransformer Protection
BT
B2T
TRIPS AN3 LOCDS'O5TS AN3 LS PC4
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)*+ica $%s &rrange"ents:
,inge -%s
Do%-e -%s o%-e -reaker
$reakeranaha
2ain an transer -%ses with singe -reaker
ing -%s
us)ar Protection
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us)ar Protection
$%s ierentia connection singe-%s
B4
B24
TRIPS AN3 LOCDS'O5T ALL 4READERS
CONNECTE3 TO 45S
NOTE6 All CTs connected to t-e /(sdi7erential m(st -a%e same ratios,45S
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R3+*7
CT CT
PrimaryElement
2@@;1
1A
@A
2@@A
2@@;1
L-*< -1 E31/*+ F*?+ C*,3
1A 1A
3i7erential Protection
1A
2@@A
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R3+*7
CT CT
Primary
Element
2@@;1
1A
"@A
2@@A
2@@;1
Fa(lt
2@@A
1A
1A 1A
I/31/*+ F*?+ C*,3
3i7erential Protection
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01/09/16
Part ':
Relaying P-iloso-y
Po er S stem
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AB
C
+"",e +*e%
S$%te& B'c()"*e
.%tr)/t"*
R''l +*e%
.eler$
S/)%t't"*.eler$
S/)%t't"*
','ct"r B'*(
!"#er Tr'*%"r&er
345(V B/%
Power System
Standard Protection
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Radial LinesLooed Lines
Power Trans*ormer4(s 4arCaacitor 4an?
Standard Protection
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R''l +*e !r"tect"*R''l +*e !r"tect"*
50
5%50N
5%N
)!R
!
CT
+EGEN.50 INSTANTANEOUS PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY5% TIME PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY
50N INSTANTANEOUS GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY5%N TIME GROUND OVERCURRENT RELAY)!R RECLOSER SWITCH AUTO RECLOSER RELAY52 POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERCT CURRENT TRANSFORMER
TARGET
:NST
TARGET
T:CE
E+ETR@-CEHAN:A+
@VERRRENT RE+AJ
BS
CT
52
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R''l +*e !r"tect"*R''l +*e !r"tect"*
!'%eRel'$%
Gr"/*
Rel'$
A B T
52
Ia
I/
Ic
In:IaI/Ic
>"/r 4 /*t% "
%*=le-,'%e
"erc/rre*t
rel'$% 're *eee t"
,r"tect ' eeer
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+ + ! t t
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+"",e +*e !r"tect"*+"",e +*e !r"tect"*
2% 2%G
)!R
CT
+EGEN.
21 PHASE DISTANCE RELAY
21G GROUND DISTANCE RELAY
67 PHASE DIRECTIONAL OC RELAY
67N GROUND DIRECTIONAL OC RELAY
43R RECLOSER SWITCH
79 AUTO RECLOSER RELAY85 TELEPROTECTION
52 POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER
T CURRENT TRANSFORMER
BS
( (NCT
5
52
CETER:NG
BS !R@TET:@N
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01/09/16
.%t'*ce Rel'$.%t'*ce Rel'$A rel'$ t't &e'%/re% te &,e'*ce " te l*eA rel'$ t't &e'%/re% te &,e'*ce " te l*e
rinci+e o 7+erationrinci+e o 7+eration Z+:NE
V>A+T:>A+T
>A+T
T:313;-13Z+:NED V>A+T :>A+TZRE+AJ D Z+:NE CTR#PTR
:>A+TD V>A+T Z+:NE
Z+:NE
R
X
:&,e'*ce Rel'$ % *"*-rect"*'l
.oope* .ine Protection
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01/09/16
-ypes of Distance 'elay-ypes of Distance 'elayImpe*anceImpe*ance (se) *ai!+, as a -au+t )etecto i! *ost o-(se) *ai!+, as a -au+t )etecto i! *ost o-
*icopocesso /ase) e+a,.*icopocesso /ase) e+a,.
'eactance'eactance
$ee)s the supe0isio! o- *ho to o/tai! its$ee)s the supe0isio! o- *ho to o/tai! its
)iectio!a+it,.)iectio!a+it,.
/ho/hoMost wi)e+, use) )ista!ce chaacteistic cu0eMost wi)e+, use) )ista!ce chaacteistic cu0e
)ue to its i!hee!t )iectio!a+it,.)ue to its i!hee!t )iectio!a+it,.
0ua*rilateral0ua*rilateral Ma)e possi/+e /, co*/i!i! eacta!ceMa)e possi/+e /, co*/i!i! eacta!ce
t,pe pi!cip+e otate) a+o! )i--ee!t aes.t,pe pi!cip+e otate) a+o! )i--ee!t aes.Composite 1Composite 1 Co*/i!e) *ho a!) ua)i+atea+Co*/i!e) *ho a!) ua)i+atea+
chaacteisticchaacteistic..
.oope* .ine Protection
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Z"*e 1
X
R
X
R
X
REATANECH@
T$,e% " .%t'*ce Rel'$
Z"*e 2
+"",e +*e !r"tect"*+"",e +*e !r"tect"*
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X
R
X
R
FA. @C!@S:TE
T$,e% " .%t'*ce Rel'$
+"",e +*e !r"tect"*+"",e +*e !r"tect"*
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01/09/16
Stan*ar* ProtectionStan*ar* Protection
/ho Distance 'elay 2#/ho Distance 'elay 2#88-o phasephase o 3phase-o phasephase o 3phase
-au+ts-au+ts
0ua* Distance 'elay 2#30ua* Distance 'elay 2#388-o +i!etoou!) -au+ts to-o +i!etoou!) -au+ts to
co0e ac esista!ceco0e ac esista!cePhase Directional 4C 'elay 7Phase Directional 4C 'elay 788/ac"up -o phase/ac"up -o phase
phase o 3phase -au+tsphase o 3phase -au+ts
3roun* Directional 4C 'elay 763roun* Directional 4C 'elay 7688 /ac"up -o +i!e/ac"up -o +i!e
toou!) -au+tstoou!) -au+ts
-eleprotection 85-eleprotection 85 POTT Pe*issi0e O0eeachi! POTT Pe*issi0e O0eeachi!
Ta!s-e Tip5Ta!s-e Tip5
(uto1'eclosing 7(uto1'eclosing 76 i!sta!ta!eous 3*sec5 si!+e6 i!sta!ta!eous 3*sec5 si!+e
shotshot
.oope* .ine Protection
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I"+e"enting Distance ea* (haracteristic with
)i"e Grae ,che"e aso cae ,te+ Distance ,che"e
-ime & !,! sec
-ime & #,! sec
-ime & !,$5 sec
2#
( CD
2
$
Instantaneo%s
)i"e Dea*e
)i"e Dea*eZ%
Z2
Z!
#
R3+*7 L-4*-/
.oope* .ine Protection
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N- /3/-/*+
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T@3
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T@3
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#1
#1
2n this condition #5 5 -ill tripinstantaneousl via ;one 1 operation -hile#5 ! -ill trip after*$'0 second via ;one .$ This is not good
since the fault has to e cleared immediatel$
90 o L ; instant
90 o L ; instant
1#0 o L ; 0.35 s
& $
S" tere % ' *ee t" %"le t% ,r")le& t" c"erS" tere % ' *ee t" %"le t% ,r")le& t" c"er
te ,r"tect"* " te re&'**= 10? " te l*eMte ,r"tect"* " te re&'**= 10? " te l*eM
W't te
'/lt "cc/r%
'% %"#*
.oope* .ine Protection
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"&&/*c't"*-Ae !r"tect"*
#1
#1
Z% 0 -; ZL /,*/
Z% 0 -; ZL /,*/
Z2 %20 -; ZL 0.!5 ,
& $
Z2 %20 -; ZL 0.!5 ,
XCTR
A
XCTR
B# #
RVR
ARVR
B
&ND&ND
)I
)I
.oope* .ine Protection
i i
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"&&/*c't"*-Ae !r"tect"*
#1
#1
1 ; 90 o L ; instant
1 ; 90 o L ; instant
# ; 1#0 o L ; 0.35 s
& $
# ; 1#0 o L ; 0.35 s
XCTR
A
XCTR
B# #
RVR
ARVR
B
&ND&ND
No )I
No )I
.oope* .ine Protection
. * .i P i
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R3+*7 , ,3 * ;*?+ * :3 **43/ 9?,
!'=:*,3 ;*?+ ;-1 ( :+3 SLG ;*?+ ;-1 (N T@3 , 0.0 ,34-/< I/,*/*/3-?, ?/ , 9+-43< $distance relay must
initiate first the tripping& N- *?-'134+-,?13 :3/ 1==/8 /*3< 97 9*4'?=
=1-34-/
B'c(-/, .rect"*'l @erc/rre*t Rel'$
(
(N
(
(N
.oope* .ine Protection
. * .i P i
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Wt A/t"-Recl"%*= Z-/3 % T1==/8
Z-/3 2 C-@@?/4*-/'A
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Trans*ormerTrans*ormer
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ProtectionProtection
O631:3*/8O631:3*/8
N-1@*+ @*@?@ -1/8 3@=. 5 CN-1@*+ @*@?@ -1/8 3@=. 5 C
'%0 C 1,3 ++ :*+63 :3 +;3 -; :3 1*/,;-1@31.'%0 C 1,3 ++ :*+63 :3 +;3 -; :3 1*/,;-1@31.
O6314?113/O6314?113/F?,3, ;-1
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D;;313/*+ ' TD;;313/*+ ' T
O631+-*< ' 5%O631+-*< ' 5%
B*4'?= G1-?/< ' %5%GB*4'?= G1-?/< ' %5%G
O631:3*/8 ' T:31@*+ R3+*7O631:3*/8 ' T:31@*+ R3+*7
G*, D334-/ ' B?4::-+ R3+*7G*, D334-/ ' B?4::-+ R3+*7
S?
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#T
#T
0.
P2
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Di?erential ,elaDi?erential ,ela
! rela that its design or! rela that its design or
application is intended to respondapplication is intended to respondto the di?erence et-eento the di?erence et-een
incoming and outgoing electricalincoming and outgoing electrical
@uantities associated -ith the@uantities associated -ith the
protected apparatus$protected apparatus$
ProtectionProtection
Trans*ormer
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Percentage 3i7erential ProtectionPercentage 3i7erential Protection
Constant Percent Sloe C-aracteristic 3i7erentialRelay
D : "@
D : +1
D : 0@
Restraint : !I"I+#;+
Oerate
I"'I+
8in$ PicA&up
Trans*ormerProtection
Trans*ormer
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Percentage 3i7erential ProtectionPercentage 3i7erential Protection
Varia/le Percent Sloe C-aracteristic3i7erential Relay
Restraint : !I"I+#;+
Oerate
I"'I+
Slope 1
Slope .
!c(-/,
TR:! Z@NE
N@ TR:! Z@NE
Trans*ormerProtection
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4(s/ar4(s/arP i
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ProtectionProtection
T$,c'l B/% Arr'*=e&e*t%T$,c'l B/% Arr'*=e&e*t% S*=le )/%S*=le )/% ."/)le )/%< "/)le )re'(er."/)le )/%< "/)le )re'(er
Bre'(er-'*-'-'lBre'(er-'*-'-'l C'* '* tr'*%er )/%e% #t %*=leC'* '* tr'*%er )/%e% #t %*=le
)re'(er)re'(er R*= )/%R*= )/%
4(s/ar4(s/ar
ProtectionProtection
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B?, 5
T,IPS !"D L2#BS&2CT !LL 5,E!BE,S#2""E#TED T25CS
"2TE: !ll #Ts connected to the usdi?erential must have same ratios$5CS
ProtectionProtection
4(s/ar4(s/ar
ProtectionProtection
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B?,
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B?,
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B?,
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B?,
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T#" B/%)'r !r"tect"* Sce&e%T#" B/%)'r !r"tect"* Sce&e%L- I@=3
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