reconstructing truth: the impact of centuries of ......the impact of centuries of stereotypes about...
Post on 18-Jun-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Reconstructing Truth: The Impact of Centuries of Stereotypes
about Disability
Kaela Parks - Director, Disability Services at PCCJen Dugger - Director, Disability Resource Center at PSU
This presentation by Kaela Parks and Jen Dugger is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 international license. Some materials used have more restrictive licenses. Please note those licenses when you use our presentation.
Let us take you on a journey...
● First a tour – historical trends in broad strokes
● Then some connections – impacts on current narratives
● Finally looking forward – learning more and doing better
Major Themes over Time
Societal Response to Disability
Ancient Greece:Abandonment and Death by Exposure
Disability is a Curse
The Dark Ages: Surviving as BeggarsChurches provided charity and
reduced infanticide but disability was a reflection of sin - people
were treated as outcasts
The Beggars, by Pieter Bruegel (1568)
Renaissance: Disabled People are Patients to be CuredThe focus on identifying problems in the body led to practices such as lobotomies, in which brain damage was inflicted to control behavior.
Industrialization: From offering Training to InstitutionalizingAs the size of schools increased, focus shifted from education and training to using inmates to perform labor.
1882 - the US passed the “Undesirables Act” (in place until 1965)
Eugenics:Social Darwinism
People with disabilities were depicted in the media as monsters to be feared.
Forced sterilization and infanticide were themes in American culture.
Nazi Germany targeted disabled people and the elderly as a drain on public resources - citing US science.
Parents UniteThe term “Developmental
Disability” is coined as parents demand institutional reform,
better services, and education
Disability Rights are Civil RightsAdvocacy and Protest leads to passage of Section 504...but it
takes years more for regulations
Disability Art and Study
From advocacy comes a demand for recognition
Recognizing Stereotypes
Themes that Persist
piss on pit y
Present-Day Impact of Historical Marginalization
Impact of Centuries of AbleismBuildings built without accessible entrances, restrooms, elevators, and other features
Physical classrooms designed for the “average learner”, without regard to visual, hearing, physical, or cognitive differences or learning styles
Transportation options that are either not accessible at all or require significant modification in order to be accessible for a person with a disability
Curricula designed for the “average learner” without regard to visual, hearing, physical, or cognitive differences or learning styles
Housing choices that are substantially limited due to inaccessibility for people with physical and other disabilities
Online information that is completely inaccessible to blind, deaf, and/or cognitively disabled community members
“Without accommodations and the DRC I would never have been able to graduate”
-PSU Student, 2014
Portland Community College Case Study: How Are Our Students Performing: Does Use of Accommodations
Make a Difference? Retrieved from page 7 of the 2015 DS Program Review
http://www.pcc.edu/resources/academic/program-
review/documents/PCCDisabilityServicesProgramReview2015.pdf
Individualized accommodations provide accessibility through a segregation
model.
Accommodations Do Not Lead to
Equity
Many aspects of life for disabled folks are chronically affected by societal marginalization:
Health
Reproductive Health care
Domestic Violence/Sexual Assault
Employment
Economy
HealthSmoking - Nondisabled: 15.3%
Smoking - Disabled: 24.5%
Obesity - Nondisabled: 25.2%Obesity - Disabled: 41.1%
Report of NOT seeing a doctor when needed- Nondisabled: 6%
Report of NOT seeing a doctor when needed- Disabled: 15%
Reproductive HealthcareWomen with disabilities are 50-70% less likely to receive a pap smear due to accessibility and coverage issues.
Women with mobility disabilities are 70% less likely to be asked about contraceptive methods by their doctors.
Domestic Violence andSexual Assault
Experience abuse - Disabled: 1.5 - 2 times more likely than Nondisabled
Physical/Sexual assault - Adults with Developmental Disabilities: 4 - 10 times more likely than Nondisabled
EmploymentEmployment Rate for Nondisabled: 75.4%
Employment Rate for Disabled: 34.4%
Employment Rate for Men with Disabilities: 52.8%Employment Rate for Women with Disabilities: 19.6%
Worldwide, the most significant indicator of unemployment is disability
EconomyPercentage of Nondisabled living in poverty 13.3%
Percentage of Disabled living in poverty 28.1%
Earnings for Nondisabled workers: $31,324 (in OR: $25,515 to $28,657)
Earnings for Disabled workers: $21,232(in OR: $16,322-$19,551)
“The difficulty lies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones”
-John Maynard Keynes (British economist, 1883-1946)
Equal Access vs. Equity
Time to Take Action
1.Examine your personal attitudes and beliefs about disabled people, where they come from, and how they may influence your behavior.
2. Create curricula that are flexible and offer multiple means of engagement, expression, and representation.
3. Create and maintain spaces, products, and environments that are accessible to a wide variety of users.
4. Ensure all electronic materials, media files, and websites are proactively accessible.
5. Advocate to enhance practices that build equity within your department and at the university.
Links to Data and Media Used During the PresentationReading of Cheryl Marie Wade’s poem Cripple Lullaby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5qJ6JSGutM&feature=youtu.be&t=1m55sMuch of the data was collected from the recently released 2015 Disability Compendium http://disabilitycompendium.org/
Reproductive Health data: http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/10/health-care-disparities-for-disabled/
Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Data: http://www.equalrightscenter.org/site/DocServer/Serving_Survivors_of_Domestic_Violence_who_have_a_Disabi.pdf?docID=261
Global Disability Statistics: http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/events/1July2011_economics_panel_nexus.pdf
Links to Other Great ResourcesImplicit Bias Test (Disability is one of many tests available) https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/selectatest.html
Inclusive Strategies Reflection document (University of Michigan) https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QXOsiu5aDsbksadPpt0HqwNLXdLYfQayHa4miQ6PPpM/edit
PCC’s Web Accessibility Handbook http://www.pcc.edu/resources/instructional-support/access/documents/pcc-a11y-hb-lores-tagged.pdf
Project Shift-Refocus (Viewing the work of Disability Services Differently): http://www.projectshift-refocus.org/
7 Principles of Universal Design: http://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk/blog/training/files/2011/07/principles1.jpgAND http://www.washington.edu/doit/universal-design-process-principles-and-applications
Universal Design for Learning: http://www.udlcenter.org/aboutudl/udlguidelines/udlguidelines_graphicorganizer
Thank youKaela Parkskaela.parks@pcc.edu
Jen Duggerjen.dugger@pdx.edu
More information on the Disability History exhibit and accessible online versions at: guides.pcc.edu/disability/history
top related