research overview: what sayeem has been doing?
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Page Page 11
Research Overview:What Sayeem Has Been Doing?
Abu (Sayeem) ReazUniversity of California, Davis, USA
National Instruments InterviewFebruary 09, 2011
Page Page 22Andreas J. Kassler, Research Opportunities at Karlstads Universitet
Earliest Multi-Hop Network
Betterment of networks using feasible technologies
Page Page 33
Presentation Overview
• PhD Research• Routing over Wireless and Optical Access• Asymmetric “Capacity” Deployment and Resource Assignment• Integrating Cloud in Access Network and Green Routing • Wireless Highway for 3G Backhaul• IPTV Stream Generator
• MS Research • Location Management using DNS• Multi-class (Vertical) Handoff Management• Secure Paging in Handoff Management
• Opportunity for Contribution to NI• Problem Solving• Programming and Development
Page Page 44
PhD Research
Page Page 55
Network Architecture: WOBAN (1)
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• WOBAN: Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network
• Deploy broadband access network with minimum wiring: cost effective
• An optimal combination of optical and wireless network to minimize cost and maximize utilization and performance
• Back-end: Optical access network, e.g., Passive Optical Network (PON)
• Front-end: Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)
• Optical Scenario:
1. Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) at Central Office (CO) are connected to Optical Network Units (ONUs) via fiber
2. ONUs are connected to the wireless access network via gateways
• Wireless Scenario:
1. A set of wireless routers form a wireless mesh network: end users are connected to nearby router
2. Some wireless routers work as gateways, connecting the wireless network to optical network
Network Architecture: WOBAN (2)
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Why?
We like to have our cake and eat it too!
WMN
+
PON
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Routing: The Big Picture
Efficient routing across WMN and PON: Shortest Delay
Page Page 99
WMN: Divide the Capacity
Asymmetric
Page Page 1010
PON: Native Routing
Downstream:
Broadcast
Upstream:
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
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Data Flow
Upstream
Downstream
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Summary
Page Page 1313
Asymmetry in WOBAN
Traffic flows to and from the OLT
Bottleneck near the Gateways
Flow Aggregation
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As a Result…
Many “links” are not even used!
Not all nodes need the same Capacity
Traffic on Links (Mbps)
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Mixed Capacity Wireless Access
Deploy radio where needed!
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Radio Deployment: MILP
Page Page 1717
Summary
Page Page 1818
Resource Assignment: Challenges
Asymmetric Capacity and Flow
Need to assign both Radio and Channel
Page Page 1919
Traffic Aggregation
http://www.ams-ix.net/technical/stats/
Smoother instantaneous burstiness!
Page Page 2020
Channel Assignment: BLP
Intelligent Channel and Radio Assignment (ICRA)
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Summary
Page Page 2222
Bringing Service to UsersService = Content and/or Application
Can we bring them to closer to users?
Cloud-Integrated WOBAN (CIW)
Alix Boards Clougplug
Page Page 2323
Service Access: Traditional
Page Page 2424
Service Access: CIW
Page Page 2525
• Adds value to the network Competitive Edge
• “Now I want to use this network!!”
• Remove device dependencies
• Any common interface: possibly a browser
• Local services requests are delivered locally
• No/Limited traffic introduced to wireless backhaul
• More room for regular mesh traffic
• Service traffic moves away from gateways
• Bottleneck reduced
• Local updates remains local
• Likelihood of stale information becomes low
What Can We Gain
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Implementations
Wisper Firetide Aruba/Tropos/Meraki
Page Page 2727
Deployment of CC: MILP
Page Page 2828
Summary
Page Page 2929
Green Routing in CIW (GRC)
Different part of the network is
busy at different time of the day
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1. Split into Zones 2. Create BW Pipe for each Zone
3. Load balance for each pipe
GRCInstead of pack-and-turnoff, utilize the architecture of WOBAN:
Selective Turnoff and Load Balance
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Path Computation: Auxiliary Graph
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Summary
Page Page 3333
3G Backhaul
Connected Planet, Jan, 2010, http://connectedplanetonline.com/3g4g/news/att-doubles-3g-010510/
AT&T’s 3G cell sites are backhauled primarily through T1 lines, which, while adequate in the early days of UMTS, wind up becoming a choke point as AT&T upgrades to faster and faster network technologies.
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Is fiber capacity properly utilized?
Is copper a bottleneck?
Single point of failure?
3G Architecture
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Can we develop a methodology to • utilize fiber capacity
• reduce copper bottleneck
• create alternate paths for failure recovery
• provide better service quality to high bandwidth application
- Broadcast TV to UE
Without Huge Investment…
An Overlay Network adjunct to the existing 3G network using High Capacity Wireless Links
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Load Sharing
P2P High Capacity Wireless Link
Overlay Network Architecture
Links become backup of each other
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Any size, any shape
The Big Picture
Multiple Overlays
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Overlay Placement: MILP
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Summary
Page Page 4040
We have also investigated how an Overlay Network can be deployed in WMN
The WMN Version of the Problem
Because of the interference within the WMN, this is actually a “harder” problem
Page Page 4141
and the Formulation without the Details…
Page Page 4242
Summary
A 43-Node WMN with 3 Gateways
Tested for deployment of 1, 2, and 3 overlay links
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Correlated yet Different!
I and B Frame from Trace
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We need to generate I and B frames separately
Lognormal distribution closely approximates the frame size distribution of
I and B frames
M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc., ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.
I and B Frame: Distribution
Page Page 4545M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc.,ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.
Videos are constructed with scenes!
Ik Ik+1∆
If ∆ is significant, then it’s a new scene!
Scene length is important:Within a scene, I frame sizes are close to each other…
New Scene
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Scene Length Distribution
Page Page 4747
Addresses the variations within a scene
We use the relative sizes of all the I frames in a scene
compared to the first I frame
Variation Within a Scene
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Increased and continuous burstiness
Each frame size was picked from corresponding Lognormal distribution, but relation between scenes is not considered
Data Rate on 10G EPON
Page Page 4949
We use the relative sizes of the first I frame in every scene and generate
subsequent I frame sizes in the scene from the first I frame size
Relative I Frame Size
Page Page 5050
We use the relative B frame sizes compared to the I
frame size in a GoP
Relative B Frame Size
Page Page 5151
Correlated, spike free synthetic traces with proper variations
Resultant Synthetic Trace
Page Page 5252
The frame size distributions match targeted Lognormal distributions even though they are not generated from actual Lognormal distributions
Distribution of Frame Sizes
Page Page 5353
Voila!
Original vs. Synthetic Trace
Page Page 5454
Data Rate on 10G EPON
Page Page 5555
MS Research
Page Page 5656
IP Mobility
IP Address 1
(old location)
IP Address 2
(new location)Subnet 1 Subnet 2
Old point of attachment New point of attachment
Page Page 5757
SIGMA: Seamless IP-diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture
Basic idea: setup a new path to communicate with CN while maintaining the old path.
Handover process: STEP 1: Layer 2 handover
and obtain new IP address STEP 2: Add IP addresses
into the association STEP 3: Redirect data
packets to new IP address STEP 4: Update location
manager (LM) STEP 5: Delete or deactivate
obsolete IP address
Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5 CN
MH
LM
RouterInternet
Subnet 1 Subnet 2
2 IP Addresses1 IP Address 1 IP Address
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Location Management using DNS
IP Address 1 IP Address 2
CN
DNS Location Update
Loca
tion
Que
ryIP
add
ress
2
Internet
Subnet 1 Subnet 2
1
2
3
Page Page 5959
Challenge
Failure
Query time > Duration in Overlapping Area
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Mobility Model
Determine if there will be a query to DNS while updating the entry
Page Page 6161
Summary
Page Page 6262
Multi-Class Handoff: mSIGMA
Page Page 6363
Handoff Decision
Page Page 6464
Performance
Page Page 6565
Packet Trace
WLAN
to
CDMA
CDMA
to
WLAN
Page Page 6666
Paging SIGMA: P-SIGMA
PGW 1 PGW 2
ID = X
DNS
Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 Subnet 4
Internet
ID = X ID = X ID = Y
PA 1
PA 2
Handoff within PA,
No update
Idle MH
Handoff within PA,
Update PGW
Active MH
Handoff across PA,
Update PGW and DNS
Active MH
Location Update
Location Updates
• PA single ID for subnets
• Roam within PA without updating LM
• Active and Idle MHs update DNS at inter-PA handoff
• Active MH updates PGW at intra-PA handoff
Page Page 6767
Paging Algorithm• Low mobility last location paging
• High mobility fixed paging
PGW 1 PGW 2
DNS
Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 Subnet 4
Internet
PA 1
PA 2
Low mobility subnet
paging with MAC1
High mobility subnets
paging with MAC1
MH not found
paging with MAC2 paging with MAC2
Last location paging Fixed paging
MH foundMH found
Page Page 6868
Connection Initiation• PGW is lightweight LM
updated for only active hosts
• DNS is heavyweight LM updated for all hosts only for inter-PA handoff
PGW 1 PGW 2
DNS
Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 Subnet 4
Internet
PA 1 PA 2
CN
Low mobility subnet
paging for A
High mobility subnets
paging for A
name lookup
IP address X
Location Update
MH with MAC A IP address X
Registration with IP address Y
Connection INIT
Connection INIT to YIP address Y
Page Page 6969
Attack on P-SIGMA
Page Page 7070
Intrusion Detection AlgorithmS
essi
on H
ijack
ing F
ree Loading
Page Page 7171
Summary
Page Page 7272
Opportunity for Contribution to NI
Page Page 7373
Problem Solving
• Identify new challenges for NI products
• Using optimization techniques to maximize performance
• Linear Programming
• Simulated Annealing
• Apply networking techniques
• For intelligent data-flow
• Energy efficiency
Page Page 7474
Footstep on a New Area
http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=204081
In a nutshell, lightRadio takes all of the essential elements of traditional base stations and antennas and shrinks them so that they can be distributed across the access network -- or cloud -- and deployed dynamically where or when capacity and coverage is needed. And the distributed network elements are connected via fiber-optic networks.
Page Page 7575
Programming and Development
• Development of network-related products
• Design intelligent protocols for routing
• Implement upper-layer protocols using socket programming
• Implement stack for lower-layer protocols
• Use generic programming skill to contribute to any development
Page Page 7676
Network Programming
• For Network layer or higher
• Use native TCP/Datagram socket
• For MAC layer
• Raw socket programming for common MAC protocols
• Send and receive data using MAC address
• IRQ to access registers
• Extract information from driver (not familiar)
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Thank you!
Contact Information:
E-mail: asreaz@ucdavis.edu
Phone: 530-574-2090
Web: http://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/~sayeem/
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