result of experiment for optimal
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Yutaro ShimadaNov. 23rd, 2018, “DMR special talk”, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of
Transdisciplinary Science and
Technology
Result of Experiment for “Optimal
Operation of GSHPs in Thailand”
under the “CCOP-GSJ/AIST
Groundwater Project”
2
Introducing myself about background and research fields
・BackgroundThe department of
“Mechanical Engineering”
・PresentThe department of
“Global Engineering for Development, Environment and Society”
New Technology
Society
Our research field : Assessment the potential and benefit of new technology for society
Efficiency
Economy
Environment
Series o
f Assessm
ent
Final year project :Life cycle assessment of GSHP in Thailand
3
1. What is “CCOP – GSHP” Project ?
2. Review of Experiment
3. Result of Operation (Subsurface Temperature)
4. Result of Operation (Analysis of Heat Pump Working)
5. Suggestion of Optimal Operation and its Result
6. Problem
7. Future Plans
Contents of Presentation
5
What is Heat Pump ?
Schematic of Heat Pump System Working
Heat Pump : Device for transferring heat energy from colder place
to warmer place
ex) Refrigerator, Air Conditioner, Hot water supply etc.......
Freon Gas Circulation
Fan Coil Unit
Cool Heat to Room
Overview of Heat Pump System Working
Warm Heat to Heat Source
6
What is GSHPs ?
(Ground Source Heat Pump system)
Difference of normal air conditioner and GSHPs
Normal Air Conditioner
(ASHP: Air Source Heat Pump)GSHP: Ground Source Heat Pump
Main difference : where the heat is released to (Heat Source)ASHP = Atmosphere (30~35℃), GSHP = Ground (28~30℃)
7
What is GSHPs ?
Types of GSHP system
Open Loop System(Groundwater usage type)
Aquifer Aquifer
Heat Pump Heat Pump
Polyethylene U-tube
Heat Intake
Intake Well
Recharge Well
Closed Loop System(Borehole heat exchanger type)
50~100m
・Most High Efficiency・Ground Water Environment・Maintenance Cost
・Maintenance Free・Still High Efficiency ・Difficulty of Designing
Open Loop System Closed Loop System
8
What is GSHPs ?
(Ground Source Heat Pump system)
Advantage of GSHPs
➢ Save energy and reduce CO2
gas emission
➢ Mitigate Urban Heat Island Phenomenon
➢ Normalize electricity consumption through a day
Disadvantage and Weakness of GSHPs
➢ Large Initial Cost ➢ Low Awareness
➢ Difficulty of Designing
Yasukawa et al (2009)
9
GSHPs in Tropical Regions
GSHPs is suitable to Tropical Regions ?
Not really in tropics…
Monthly mean atmospheric and subsurface temperature
However...
If there is rich “groundwater
flow”, underground
temperature would be
decreased.
CCOP – GSJ/AIST Project
Survey of Groundwateris important
10
CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project
CCOP-GSJ/AIST Groundwater
Project Phase II (2009 ~ 2013)
➢Main theme in this project is “Renewal of
database for the Hydro-geological map in
CCOP regions”
➢To construct database and its design
➢To compile data of Chao-Phraya Plain,
Thailand and Red River Delta, Vietnam
➢To make an Asian Standard of the Hydro-
geological map
CCOP GW-Database
Involvement of GSJ in the project➢ Phase I (2005 ~ 2008)➢ Phase II (2009 ~ 2013)➢ Phase III (ongoing)
Field Survey Hydro-geological map of Chao-Phraya Plain
11
The Data from “CCOP/GSJ-AIST PhaseⅡ”
Comparison between subsurface and atmospheric
temperature
Subsurface temp (0-50m)
Atmospheric monthly mean max.
Atmospheric monthly mean min.
Atmospheric annual mean
Ref: Yasukawa et al., 2009
12
CCOP Groundwater Sub-Project “Development of Renewable Energy for Ground-Source Heat Pump System in CCOP Regions”
• New sub-project under CCOP GW Project usingCCOP GW DB started from April 2013
• Title of the sub-project is “Development ofRenewable Energy for Ground-Source HeatPump System in CCOP Regions”
• Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), AkitaUniversity (Japan) and GSJ have cooperationprogram under the CCOP sub-project andinstalled GSHP System on premise ofChulalongkorn University
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Objectives of this sub-project are;
➢ To demonstrate GSHP system in Bangkok City, Thailand
➢ To find out adjustment and modifications needed forGSHP system in tropical region
➢ To develop suitable maps for GSHP system in Thailandreflecting large-scale groundwater flow/heat transportmodel
Continued
This is my main research target
+ Environmental Evaluation and Economic Evaluation
14
GSHP Facility in Thailand (2018)
Chulalongkorn University
(Department of Geology)
Golden Jubilee National Geological
Museum, DMR (Pathumthani)
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Source:Y. Yungchareon & B. Limmeechokchai(2004)
・ Target of GHG (Green House
Gas) emissions reduction by 2030 in Thailand's ParisAgreement:Reduce by 20~25%
・ 70% of GHG emissions in Thailand: energy consumption.
・ 40% of energy consumption: energy industry ex) power generation
(Electricity Supply)
・ 60% of electricity consumption: air conditioning
Improvement of efficiency of air-conditioning system have a important role for Thailand’s energy saving and environment
Status of energy policy and use in Thailand
18
Experiment stage to Demonstration stage
・For the future development of GSHP
Experimental at Chulalongkorn Univ ×100~
×2~3
Important things
1. Controlling Subsurface Temp
2. Life Cycle CO2 (Environment)
3. Life Cycle Cost (Economic)
*Life Cycle: Construction~Use~Disposal
Geological Museum DMR(Pathumthani)
Background of Experiment
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Background of Experiment
Subsurface Temperature Increasing
Approaching to solve the problem
Temperature around heat exchanger
would be getting increased after
GSHP operation.
Negative Influence on...・Efficiency ・Underground environment・Sustainability
1. Optimal operation (Morning? Afternoon? Evening? 24 hours?)
2. GSHPs combined with ASHPs
3. Generate Hot Water Supply by GSHPs
Target for experiment at Chula univ
Evaluation by simulation
20
Setting for Optimal operation
a) Criterion of optimal operation
b) Settings for GSHP (+ASHP) operation
1. Recover the subsurface temperature by 1 day or 1 week
basis
2. Minimum Electricity consumption
“ 1 + 2 = Optimal Operation “
・Condition 1 : GSHPs covers 12:00~15:00, ASHP cover the other time.
・Condition 3 : Only GSHPs covers all operation time
GSHPASHP GSHP
Condition 1 Condition 2
・Condition 2 : ASHPs covers 12:00~15:00, GSHP cover all time.
GSHPASHP+GSHP
Condition 3
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・Condition 1 (Retail Store, Education and Office)
9:00~12:00 : ASHP12:00~15:00 : GSHP15:00~22:00 : ASHP
8:00~12:00 : ASHP12:00~15:00 : GSHP15:00~16:30 : ASHP
Retail Store
Education and Office
Subsurface Temp : Not Increased
3.92~5.84 kWhAve. 4.76 kWh
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0.2℃
・Condition 2 (Education and Office)
Education and Office
8:00~12:00 : GSHP12:00~15:00 :GSHP+ASHP15:00~16:00 : GSHP
Subsurface Temp : Increased slightly
*Depending on Weather Condition
1.84~2.88 kWhAve. 2.39 kWh
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・Condition 2 (Retail store) Retail Store
Retail Store
9:00~12:00 : GSHP12:00~15:00 :GSHP+ASHP15:00~22:00 : GSHP
0.15℃
0.92℃Subsurface Temp
: Increased significantly
*2 days to recover
2.36~4.62 kWhAve. 3.47 kWh
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・Condition 3 (Education and Office)
Education and Office
8:00~16:00 : GSHP
0.5℃
1.2℃
Education and Office
Subsurface Temp : Increased
significantly
*3~4 days to recover
1.52~2.8 kWhAve. 2.3 kWh
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・Relation Between “COP” and “Cooling Load”
GSHPsASHPs (Rough Calculation)
Common : “Low cooling load, Low COP” and “High cooling load, High COP”(*Its relation is not linear, but curve )
Difference : COP of GSHP is better than that of ASHP (GSHP : High efficiency)
ex) COP of GSHP = 3.5, COP of ASHP = 2.5
28.6 % Savings of Electricity consumption
*ASHP’s COP Calculation …I defined the cooling load is equal, if the atmospheric temperature curve are similar to each other
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・Transition of Cooling Load in 1 day
・・・・・・
Transition of Cooling Load
・1 hour after starting operation on morning
・12:00~16:00
・Until noon from 1 hour after starting operation on morning
・17:00~Next morning
Large Cooling Load
Small Cooling Load
Model of daily Cooling Load
31
・Suggestion of optimal Operation
・Short Summary of Result
1. Subsurface Temperaturea. 3 hours operation on afternoon does not affect subsurface temperature.b. 8 hours operation (+ ASHPs on afternoon ) will affect subsurface temp
depending on weather condition.
2. Efficiency a. GSHP is better than ASHP. b. Both efficiency are going to be decline with small cooling load.
3. Cooling Load1 hour after start operating : large, Until Noon : small, Until 16:00: largeUntil next morning : small
Suggestion of Optimal Operation
9:00~10:00 : GSHP, 10:00~12:00 : ASHP, 12:00~16:00 : GSHP, 16:00~22:00 : ASHP
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・Result of Optimal Operation
Optimal Operation
Optimal Operation
0.5℃-0.15℃
9:00~10:00 : GSHP10:00~12:00 : ASHP12:00~16:00 : GSHP16:00~22:00 : ASHP
Subsurface Temp : Increased slightly
*Depending on Weather Condition
*2 days to recover
5.02~6.09 kWhAve. 5.43 kWh
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Problems
a) Accuracy of Subsurface Temperature Data
1. Thermistor sensor is set too
close to heat exchange well
Chokchai et al (2018)
・Setting a temperature sensor apart at least 5 m from heat exchange well
2. Thermistor sensor is affected
by groundwater or precipitation
・To improve the sensor accuracy, replace thermistor to thermocouplesensor
35
Problems
b) The Long Term Experiment (at least 1year basis)
To know the trend and limit of underground heat exchange ratio ...
・At least operating GSHP one or two year continuously (3 months is not enough)
Experiment Simulation
Experiment
Cir
cula
tio
n W
ater
Tem
p
Simulation
Time
“1 year experiment result”
and “simulation of 10 years
operation from experiment”
(In case of Tokyo)
1 year 10 year
37
Three kinds of thermal conductivityThermal conductivity is one of the inherent properties of the materials to conduct heat. It is used to characterize quantity of stable heat transfer.
Lower
Higher
Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity is the thermal properties of a material
to conduct heat in unsaturated state of ground, meaning the
unique value of the material.
Effective Thermal conductivity
Effective thermal conductivity is the thermal properties in
saturated state of ground.
Apparent thermal conductivity
Apparent thermal conductivity involves effect of thermal
advection due to groundwater flow. The faster groundwater
flow rate enhances thermal conductivity.
38
・History matching with TRT (Thermal Response Test)
What is TRT (Thermal Response Test) ?
One of the method for predicting the thermal conductivity of the subsurface in situ
Circulation WaterTemperature Increasing
1. Forced heating subsurface with a heater (more than 48 hours)
2. Record the circulation water temp increasing
3. Calculate the thermal conductivity from temp increasing curve
Specific Methodology
Schematic figure of TRT
TRT : Important for predicting GSHP efficiency
Circulation WaterTemperature Increasing Curve
Gradient →Thermal Conductivity
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Ex) Simulation of operation about 25th Sep from the specificationdecided by TRT test simulation
・History matching with experimental data more and more・Using another software...?
TRT test at Chula univ (13th~16th Feb)
・History matching with TRT (Thermal Response Test)
What is “History matching” ?
Method for matching simulation result with analytic solution
1. Analytic simulation with using parameter decided by TRT
2. Comparing the simulation result by TRT result with temp increasing curve
Specific Methodology
Confirmation and Check
40
・Future Research Plan
After confirming the parameter of subsurface specification......
1. Target Facility2. Cooling Load3. Combined Heat Pump with various
heat source
1. Schedule of Operation
2. Designing Ground Heat Exchanger
*Based on simulation
Designing air conditioning system
Operation Designing
Energy ConsumptionLife Cycle CO2
emission
Economic Point (Cost)
42
We will be very appreciate if you are prefer
to join “CCOP-GSHP Project” for further developing of GSHP at Tropical regions
If possible....
For Example...
➢ Conducting a long term experiment
➢ Analysis of subsurface condition from Geological point of view
➢ Development of suitability map of GSHP system based on Geological Information in Thailand
etc...
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