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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ISSN No : 2249-894X
Monthly MultidisciplinaryResearch Journal
Review Of Research Journal
Vol 6 Issue 1 October 2016
Chief Editors
Ashok Yakkaldevi A R Burla College, India
Ecaterina PatrascuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest
Kamani PereraRegional Centre For Strategic Studies,Sri Lanka
Delia SerbescuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania
Xiaohua YangUniversity of San Francisco, San Francisco
Karina XavierMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
May Hongmei GaoKennesaw State University, USA
Marc FetscherinRollins College, USA
Liu ChenBeijing Foreign Studies University, China
Mabel MiaoCenter for China and Globalization, China
Ruth WolfUniversity Walla, Israel
Jie HaoUniversity of Sydney, Australia
Pei-Shan Kao AndreaUniversity of Essex, United Kingdom
Loredana BoscaSpiru Haret University, Romania
Ilie PinteaSpiru Haret University, Romania
Kamani PereraRegional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka
Ecaterina PatrascuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest
Fabricio Moraes de AlmeidaFederal University of Rondonia, Brazil
Anna Maria ConstantinoviciAL. I. Cuza University, Romania
Romona MihailaSpiru Haret University, Romania
Mahdi MoharrampourIslamic Azad University buinzahra Branch, Qazvin, Iran
Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian University, Oradea,Romania
J. K. VIJAYAKUMARKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology,Saudi Arabia.
George - Calin SERITANPostdoctoral ResearcherFaculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi
REZA KAFIPOURShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran
Rajendra ShendgeDirector, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur
Nimita KhannaDirector, Isara Institute of Management, New Delhi
Salve R. N.Department of Sociology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur
P. MalyadriGovernment Degree College, Tandur, A.P.
S. D. SindkhedkarPSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada [ M.S. ]
Anurag MisraDBS College, Kanpur
C. D. BalajiPanimalar Engineering College, Chennai
Bhavana vivek patolePhD, Elphinstone college mumbai-32
Awadhesh Kumar ShirotriyaSecretary, Play India Play (Trust),Meerut (U.P.)
Govind P. ShindeBharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance Education Center, Navi Mumbai
Sonal SinghVikram University, Ujjain
Jayashree Patil-DakeMBA Department of Badruka College Commerce and Arts Post Graduate Centre (BCCAPGC),Kachiguda, Hyderabad
Maj. Dr. S. Bakhtiar ChoudharyDirector,Hyderabad AP India.
AR. SARAVANAKUMARALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY, KARAIKUDI,TN
V.MAHALAKSHMIDean, Panimalar Engineering College
S.KANNANPh.D , Annamalai University
Kanwar Dinesh SinghDept.English, Government Postgraduate College , solan More.........
Advisory Board
Welcome to Review Of ResearchISSN No.2249-894X
Review Of Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial Board readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.
RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595
Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, IndiaCell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: ayisrj@yahoo.in Website: www.ror.isrj.org
Regional EditorDr. T. Manichander
ISSN: Impact Factor : Volume Issue October2249-894X 3.8014(UIF) - 6 | - 1 | - 2016
Available online at www.lsrj.in
Review Of Research
Lkkjka'k % Ekuq”; gk l`tu’khy izk.kh vkgs- l`tu’khyrk Eg.kts ckSf/nd o Jfed d”V ?ks.;klkBh l{ke vlysY;k O;DrhOnkjs rks djhr vlysY;k dk;kZr vk.k[kh ufou dj.;kph bPNk Bso.ks gks; vkf.k ;kp bPNkiwrhZyk fodkl voLFksr vk.k.;kdfjrk izR;sd O;Drh iz;Ru’khy vlrks- izR;sd O;Drh gh R;kP;k ckSf/nd laiUusrwu dkgh m|fer xq.k o dkS’kY;s izkIr d#u ?ksrks o R;kyk Jekph tksM nsr vlrks- mnjfuokZgkps lk/ku Eg.kwu tsOgk izR;sd O;Drh gh m|ksx] O;olk; d# ykxrks fdaok uO;kus O;olk; lq# d# bfPNr vlrks- rsOgk R;kus lq# djko;kP;k m|ksx fdaok O;olk;kyk lkekftd ?kVd] vkfFkZd ?kVd o jktdh; ?kVd gs izHkkfor djhr vlrkr- “egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG” gs ekxkloxhZ; lektkrhy csjkstxkjkauk vk/kqfud vkf.k ikjaikfjd v’kk nksUgh O;olk;klkBh for iqjoBk d#u R;kaP;k Lo;ajkstxkjkyk pkyuk nsÅu] R;kapk vkfFkZd
Lrj mapko.ks ;koj Hkj nsrkr-
egkeaMGkph LFkkiuk] fuehZrh gsrw] HkkaMoy mHkkj.kh] egkeaMGkP;k fofo/k ;kstuk] Lo;ajkstxkj-
egkjk”Vª jkT; ‘kklukus jkT;krhy nkfjnz~; js”ks[kkyhy loZp yksdkauk ewyHkwr lks;h Lo#ikr ‘kS{kf.kd o vkfFkZd loyrh fnY;k vkgsr o R;kph vaeyctko.kh fofo/k foHkkxkekQZr dsyh tkr vkgs- ijarq loZ lektkrhy izR;sd O;Drh Lrjkoj ‘kS{kf.kd] vkfFkZd loyrh iqjfo.ks foHkkxh; ;a=.ksyk ‘kD; gksr ukgh- Ik;kZ;kus jkT;rhy tkr izoxZ fugk; vuqlwphr tkrh] vuqlwfpr tekrh] brj ekxkl izoXkZ o vYila[;kad bR;knh ?kVdkauk R;kapk Lora=i.ks lokZaxh.k fodkl gks.;kdMs tkrhus y{k ?kkyrk ;kos ;k mnkRr gsssrwu lkekftd U;k; foHkkxkvarxZr egkeaMGkph LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh vkgs-
fdoMZ %
izLrkouk%
“vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkP;k ;kstukaps fpfdRld v/;;u”
1 2izk- vfuy egknsojko frjdj ] izk- MkW- v#a/krh ,l- fuukos1lgk¸;d izk/;kid ] Jherh y-jk-rks- okf.kT; egk- vdksyk-2lg;ksxh izk/;kid ] Jherh y-jk-rks- okf.kT; egk- vdksyk-
vdksyk o okf’ke ftYg~;krhy brj ekxkloxhZ;kauk lq/nk egkeaMGkP;k ftYgk dk;kZy;kOnkjs 2002 iklwu fofo/k dtZ ;kstukaP;k ek/;ekrwu ik= ykHkkF;kZyk m|ksx] O;olk; lq# dj.;klkBh dtZ Lo#ikr for iqjoBk dsyk tkr vkgs- brj ekxkl izoxkZrhy lekfo”V tkrh oxkZe/khy efgyk] lqf’k{khr csjkstxkj O;Drh] O;Drhps cpr xV] f’k{k.k ?ks.kkjs fo|kFkhZ] O;olk; izf’k{k.k ?ks.kkjs fo|kFkhZ] nkfjnz~; js”ks[kkyhy mRiUu defo.kkjs O;Drh v’kk loZp O;Drh Lrjko#u egkeaMGkekQZr jkcfoY;k tk.kkÚ;k 07 ;kstukaOnkjs m|ksx rlsp O;olk;kyk dtZ Lo#ikr for iqjoBk egkeaMGkOnkjs dsyk tkrks- egkeaMGkus Bjowu fnysY;k fofo/k dtZ ;kstukaP;k fud”kkaph iwrhZ dj.kkjs R;k ;kstusP;k ik= ykHkkFkhZauk dtZ Lo#ikr foRrh; iqjoBk dj.;kr ;srks-
?kVusP;k dye 371 uqlkj fonHkkZP;k fodklkP;k n`f”Vus fonHkZ oS/kkfud fodkl egkeaMGkph LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh- ;kp dyek varxZr jkT;krhy laiw.kZ vkschlh ukxfjd] csjkstxkj fo|kFkhZ ;kaP;k fodklkP;k n`f”Vus O;Drh] dqVqac o lektkP;k vkfFkZd mUurhlkBh Lo;a%jkstxkjkyk pkyuk ns.;kP;k mís’kkus ‘kklukus lkekftd U;k; foHkkxk varxZr brj ekxkl oxhZ;kalkBh “egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG fy-” ph LFkkiuk dsyh- daiuh dk;n~;k[kkyh ;k egkeaMGkph fn- 23 ,fizy 1999 jksth ljdkjh
egkeaMGkph LFkkiuk%
1
“vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl ----
daiuh Eg.kwu uksan.kh dj.;kr vkyh-
v½ ftYgk] rkyqdk o xkoikrGhoj egkeaMGkOnkjs jkcfo.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k ;kstukaph ekfgrh iksgkspfo.ks- c½ brj ekxkloxhZ;kaps lokZaxh.k dY;k.k o fodkl lk/k.;klkBh iqjoBk dj.ks-d½ Lo;ajkstxkjkyk pkyuk nsÅu brj ekxkloxhZ;kaph vkfFkZd fLFkrh mapko.ks-M½ egkeaMGkdMwu dtZ eatwj >kysY;k ykHkkF;kZauk O;olk; o m|ksx ;’kLohi.ks pkyfork ;kok Eg.kwu ykHkkF;kZauk O;kolkf;d izf’k{k.k ns.ks-b½ brj ekxkloxhZ; ykHkkFkhZaP;k m|ksx O;olk;krhy mRiknu fufeZrhyk] cktkjisB miyC/k d#u ns.ks-
egkeaMGkP;k foRrh; cktwps egRRo y{kkr ?ksowu egkeaMGkaph LFkkiuk djrkukp egkeaMGkpk Hkkoh izokl lqdj Ogkok] vkfFkZd Ikz’u o vMp.kh fuekZ.k gksow u;sr vkf.k fuekZ.k >kY;kl R;kps lgt fujkdj.k djrk ;kos ;kdfjrk egkeaMGkus ,d foRrh; ;kstuk (Financial Plan) r;kj dsyh- egkeaMGkps vf/kd`r HkkxHkkaMoy #- 50 dksVh vlqu] jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkP;k dtZ ;kstukalkBh ‘kklukus #- 125 dksVhaph geh eatwj dsyh vkgs- egkeaMGkP;k fofo/k ;kstuk tulkekU;kai;Zar iksgkspfo.;klkBh ftYgk] rkyqdk o xko ikrGhoj jkcfoY;k tkrkr- miyC/k euq”;cG o fu/kh y{kkr ?ksÅu vkti;Zar tkLrhr&tkLr yksdkai;Zar ;kstuk iksgksp.;kpk Ikz;Ru dsyk vkgs-
m|ksx o lsok {ks=krhy O;olk; lq# d# bfPN.kkÚ;k fdaok Lo;a%jkstxkjkph la/kh fuekZ.k dj.kkÚ;kaph vkdka’kk ckGx.kkÚ;k m|kstdkyk egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkdMwu* dtZ feG.;klkBh izdYi vgoky lknj djkos ykxrkr- izdYikpk tks ladfYir [kpZ vlrks R;kP;k fdeku 05% [kpZ jDDe gh ykHkkF;kZauh Lor%P;k lalk/kuke/kwu mHkh djkoh v’kh vis{kk vlrs- moZfjr jDdesP;k 20% jDde egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG* rj 75% ,o<h jDde fofo/k jk”Vªh;d`r cWadkaOnkjs dtZ Lo#ikr foRr iqjoBk dsyk tkrks- izLrkfor dsysY;k izdYikpk [kpZ fdaok dtZ e;kZnk gh tkLrhr&tkLr #- 05-00 yk[k ,o<h jkghy- rlsp izdYi [kpZ gk #- 05-00 yk[k is{kk tkLr vlsy v’kk ifjLFkhrhr lq/nk dtZ eatqjhph jDde #- 05-00 yk[k ,o<hp jkghy- cht HkkaMoy ;kstusP;k varXkZr lqf’k{khr csdkjkauk eatqj dj.;kr ;s.;kÚ;k dtkZP;k ijrQsMhpk dkyko/kh gk 06 o”kkZpk vlwu O;ktkpk nj gk 06% ,o<k vlrks-
ekftZu euh ;kstus varXkZr ykHkkF;kZus fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k dtZ jdesiSdh v/;kZis{kk vf/kd jdesrwu ;a=lkexzh [kjsnh dj.ks rlsp tehu fdaok tkxk [kjsnh dj.ks ts.ks d#u vkfFkZd ekyeRrk fuekZ.k gksbZy ;k mís’kkus dtkZps forj.k djrs- ;k ;kstus varxZr dtZ forj.kkP;k jk’kh iSdh cWadspk lgHkkx 50%] jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkpk lgHkkx 40%] jkT; egkeaMGkpk lgHkkx 05% o ykHkkF;kZpk lgHkkx 05% vlrks- ekftZu euh ;kstus varxZr ykHkkF;kZyk feGkysY;k dtZ jdesiSdh dkgh jDde [ksGrs HkkaMoy o dkgh jdesrwu ekyeRrk [kjsnh djkoh ykxrs- ;k ;kstus varxZr egRre dtZ e;kZnk #- 05-00 yk[k ,o<h vkgs- R;krwu #- 03-00 yk[kkph ekyEkRrk fuekZ.k gksbZy ;k mn~ns’kkus dtkZps forj.k dsys tkrs- egkeaMGkP;k dtkZoj 06% njkus o cWadsP;k O;ktkuqlkj cWad lgHkkx jk’kh oj O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs- ;k ;kstuspk dtZ ijr QsMhpk dkyko/kh gk 05 o”kZ ,o<k vlrks-
brj ekxkl izoxkZrhy T;k efgyk nkfjnz~; js”ks[kkyhy mRiUUk xVkr lekfo”V gksrkr R;kauk lq/nk vFkZlgk¸; iqjofY;k tkos] ts.ks d#u R;k ,[kkn~;k m|ksx O;olk;kyk pkyuk nsowu] lektkpk R;kaP;kdMs c?k.;kpk n`”Vhdksu cny.;kl gkrHkkj ykxsy- ;k mís’kkus ^egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkOnkjs* Lof.kZek ;kstus varxZr dtkZps forj.k dj.;kr ;sr vkgs- nkfjnz~; js”ks[kkyhy efgykauk izdYi [kpkZP;k #- 50]000 Ik;Zar dtkZps forj.k dj.;kr ;srs- ;k ;kstus varxZr fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k dtkZP;k jk’kh e/;s jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkpk lgHkkx 95% rj jkT; egkeaMGkpk lgHkkx 05% ,o<k vlrks- ;k ;kstus varxZr efgykauk lgHkkx Hkjkok ykxr ukgh- lnj dtZ ;kstuspk ijrQsMhpk dkyko/kh gk 07 o”kZs ,o<k vlrks rj dtkZP;k jk’kh oj 04% njkus O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs-
brj ekxkloxhZ; tkrh ?kVdke/khy O;kolkf;d f’k{k.k iw.kZ dsysY;k 18 rs 35 o;ksxVkrhy r#.k@r#.khalkBh O;olk; fdaok m|ksx lq# dj.;klkBh egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkOnkjs* Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstus varxZr dtZ forj.k dj.;kr ;srs- O;kolkf;d f’k{k.k iw.kZ >kysY;k brj ekxkloxhZ; ?kVdkrhy O;Drhyk T;k O;olk; fdaok m|ksxkP;k ek/;ekrwu Lo;ajkstxkj lq# djko;kpk vkgs- R;kpk izdYi vgoky r;kj d#u egkeaMGkP;k LFkkfud dk;kZy;kr lknj djkok ykxrks- Lo;a Lk{ke dtZ ;kstuse/;s jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkpk 90%] ykHkkFkhZpk 05% o jkT; egkeaMGkpk 05% ,o<k lgHkkx YkkHkkF;kZauk fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k dTkZ jk’kh e/;s lekfo”V vlrks- LOk;a Lk{ke dtZ ;kstus varxZr ykHkkF;kZyk izdYi vgokykP;k [kPkkZuqlkj tkLrhr&tkLr #- 05-00 yk[kki;Zar dtkZps forj.k dj.;kr ;srs- feGkysY;k dtZ jk’khoj 05% njkus O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs rlsp ykHkkF;kZl dtkZph ijrQsM dj.;klkBh 05 o”kkZpk dkyko/kh fnY;k tkrks-
fuehZrh gsrw %
HkkaMoy mHkkj.kh %
egkeaMGkP;k ;kstuk%1-Ckht HkkaMoy ;kstuk%
2-eftZu euh ;kstuk %
3- Lof.kZek ;kstuk%
4-Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk%
Volume Issue October - 6 | - 1 | - 2016
Available online at www.lsrj.in
2
5- eqnrh dtZ ;kstuk %
6- lw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk %
7- efgyk le`/nh ;kstuk %
lkfgR;kps iqujkoyksdu %1- Nomita Yadav (2002)
2- Manoranjan Mohanty (2004)
3-Puneya Ajitkumar (2005)
4- cksjpkVs lqfuy f’konkl ¼2011½
5- Krishan Kewal (2012)
Lka’kks/kukph mfí”Vs %
brj ekxkloxhZ; tkrh ?kVdkrhy yksdkauk vkiY;k ofMyksikftZr ijaijkxr O;olk;kyk o`f/naxr dj.;klkBh rlsp uO;kus O;olk; dj.;klkBh egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG* eqnrh dtZ ;kstus varxZr ykHkkF;kZauk dtkZps forj.k djrs- ykHkkF;kZaOnkjs dtkZps vgoky egkeaMGkdMs lknj dsY;k tkrs- IkzLrkfor izdYikP;k 05% lgHkkx gk ykHkkF;kZpk vlrks- moZfjr jdespk 85% lgHkkx jk”Vªh; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG* rj 10% jdespk okVk egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkOnkjs* fnY;k tkrks- eqnrh dtZ ;kstus varxZr egkeaMGkdMs izLrkfor dsysY;k izdYikpk [kpZ fdaok dtZ e;kZnk gh tkLrhr&tkLr #- 03-00 yk[k ,o<hp jkfgy- eatwj dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k dtkZP;k ijrQsMhpk dkyko/kh gk 05 o”kZ ,o<k jkgrks- ;k ;kstus varxZr ns.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k dtZ jdesoj 06% njkus O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs-
uksan.khd`r v’kkldh; laLFkk] fo’oLr eaMGs] fouk vuqnkfur laLFkk v’kk brj ekxkloxhZ; tkrh ?kVdke/khy iq#”kkaP;k cpr xVkauk brj ekxkloxhZ;kapk lkewfgd fodkl dj.;kP;k gsrwus egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkOnkjs* lw{e iriqjoBk ;kstus varxZr dtkZps forj.k dj.;kr ;srs- ;k ;kstus varxZr ns.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k dtZ jdesrhy jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkpk lgHkkx gk 90% jkT; egkeaMGkpk 05% vkf.k ykHkkFkhZ lewg xVkpk 05% ,o<k lgHkkx vlrks- ;k ;kstus varxZr dtZ e;kZnk gh #- 05-00 yk[k ,o<h vkgs- izR;sd lewg xVkr tkLrhr&tkLr 20 O;Drh lgHkkx ?ksÅ ‘kdrkr- Lo;alsoh laLFkk izR;sd lnL;kauk tkLrhr&tkLr #- 25000 brds fofo/k midzekdfjrk dtZ forj.k d# ‘kdrs- lw{e iriqjoBk ;kstus varxZr forjhr dtZ jdesoj 05% njkus O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs- rlsp gs dtZ ijrQsMhpk dkyko/kh gk 04 o”kZ ,o<k vlrks-
‘kgjh o xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy brj ekxkloxhZ; tkrh ?kVdke/khy efgyk Lo;a%lgk¸;rk cpr xVkauk FksV dtZ iqjoBk efgyk le`/nh ;kstusP;k ek/;ekrwu egkeaMGkOnkjs dsY;k tkr vkgs- efgyk le`/n ;kstus varxZr ,dk cpr xVkrhy dehr&deh 20 efgykauk izR;sdh tkLrhr&tkLr #- 25]000 ;kizek.ks Lo;a%lgk¸;rk cpr xVkP;k ykHkkF;kZyk dtkZps forj.k dsys tkrs- Lo;a%lgk¸;rk cpr xVkyk izdYi e;kZnsP;k #- 05-00 yk[k brds dtZ forfjr dsys tkrs- ,dq.k dtZ jdesrhy jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkpk 90% lgHkkx] jkT; egkeaMGkpk 05% lgHkkx rj cpr xVkrhy lHkklnkapk 05% ,o<k lgHkkx vlrks- 04% njkus lnj dtZ jdesoj O;ktkph vkdkj.kh dsyh tkrs o 04 o”kZ dtZ ijrQsMhpk dkyko/kh gk Bjowu fnysyk vlrks-
Yks[kdkus d”V dj.kkÚ;k oxkZyk ekxkl lacks/kYks vkgs- rlsp mRiknu o forj.k gs tkrh O;oLFksoj vk/kkfjr vkgs- T;kr vuqlwfpr tkrh] vuqlwfpr tekrh o brj ekxkloxhZ;kapk lekos’k dj.;kr vkyk- T;kph la[;k Hkkjr ns’kkr 1@3 brdh gksrh- ;k frUgh tkrh e/;s brj ekxkloxhZ;kaph la[;k tkLr gksrh- rlsp R;kr brj mitkrh lq/nk gksR;k-
ys[kdkus folkO;k ‘krdkP;k ifjLFkhrhpk vk<kok ?ksryk vkgs- xzkeh.k fcgkje/khy ifjLFkhrhpk vH;kl dsyk- 1970 P;k ;kno lektkrhy ts brj ekxkloxhZ;kae/;s eksMrkr R;kapk nk[kyk nsrkauk ys[kdkus vls EgVys vkgs dh] tkrhP;k vk/kkjkoj gs yksd jktdkj.kke/;s vkgs- rjh i.k R;kauk fo’ks”k enrhph vko’;drk vkgs-
;kaP;k izdYi vgokyke/;s jk”Vªh; ekxkloxhZ; for vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkOnkjs xjhc ekxklysY;k yksdkaP;k vkfFkZd fodklkdfjrk for iqjoB~;k cjkscjp R;kauk rkaf=d dkS’kY; vkf.k O;kolkf;d ekfgrh rlsp r;kj ekykdfjrk foi.ku lqfo/kk nsÅu] Lo;ajkstxkjk dfjrk Lk{ke djkos vls fu”d”kZ dk<ys vkgs-
;kauh okf’ke ftYg;kpk ;kstukfugk; o rkyqdkfugk; vH;kl dsyk vkgs-
Lka’kks/kdkus egkeaMGkOnkjs dtZ ?ksrysY;k ykHkkFkhZph la[;k] osxosxG~;k dtZ ;kstukaph dYiuk] feGkyY;k dtZ jdesoj lek/kku] dtZ ?ks.;kl ykx.kkjk osG vkf.k brj ekxkloxhZ; ;kapk vkfFkZd fodkl ;k fo”k;koj izdk’k Vkdyk-
1-vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkP;k ykHkkF;kZaps ;kstukfugk; OkS;fDrd] O;olkf;d o vkfFkZd okjaokfjrsps v/;;u dj.ks-2-egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkP;k fofo/k ;kstus varxZr ykHkkF;kZaps oS;fDrd o O;kolkf;d lglac/kkps v/;;u dj.ks-
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Volume Issue October - 6 | - 1 | - 2016
3
“vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl ----
la’kks/ku i/nrh %
Ekfgrhps fo’ys”k.k o vFkZfuoZpu %
;kstuk fugk; oS;fDrd] O;kolkf;d o vkfFkZd okjaokfjrsps oxhZdj.koS;fDrd %
lkj.kh dz- 1
O;kolkf;d % lkj.kh dz- 2
vkfFkZd %
lkj.kh dz- 3
oS;fDrd o O;kolkf;d pyke/khy lglaca/k xq.kd n’kZfo.kkjh lkj.khlkj.kh dz- 4
la’kks/kdkus la’kks/kuklkBh o.kZukRed la’kks/ku i/nrhpk* mi;ksx dsyk vkgs- izkFkfed rF;s xksGk dj.;klkBh fujh{k.k] eqyk[kr] Ikz’ukoyhpk mi;ksx dsyk xsyk- fOnrh;d lkeqxzh xksGk dj.;klkBh lkoZtfud izys[k] xzaFk] orZekui=s] if=dk] lkIrkfgds o osclkbZV ;kapk mi;ksx dsyk xsyk-
^egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkus* 2005&06 rs 2010&11 ;k dky[kaMkr vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;kr fofo/k ;kstukaP;k ek/;ekus ,dw.k 2499 ykHkkF;kZauk dtZ iqjoBk dsyk gksrk- la’kks/ku fo”k;kP;k vuq”kaxkus la’kks/kdkus uequk fuoM djrkauk xSjlaHkkO;rk uequk fuoM* i/nrhpk mi;ksx d#u lks;hLdj uequk* fuoMwu ,dw.k ykHkkF;kZP;k 500 ¼20%½ ykHkkFkhZ vkiY;k v/;;uklkBh fuoMys-
Lka’kks/kuklkBh ladfyr dj.;kr vkysY;k ekfgrhps ;kstuk fugk; oS;fDrd] O;kolkf;d o vkfFkZd fo”k;d funsZ’kkad dk<.;kr vkysys vlwu ;k funZs’kdkaps fuEu] e/;e o mPp ;ke/;s ljkljh o izeki fopyu ;kaP;kOnkjs oxhZdj.k dj.;kr vkysys vkgs- ljkljh ¼$½ izek.k fopyu ;kis{kk tkLr vl.kkÚ;k okjaokfjrk mPp lacks/k.;kr vkys vkgs- rj ljkljh ¼-½ izek.k fopyu ;kis{kk deh vl.kkÚ;k okjaokfjrk fuEu n’kZfo.;kr vkysys vkgs-
lkj.kh dz- 1]2 o 3 P;k voyksduk o#u vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh] ;kstuk fugk; oxhZdj.kk varxZr ykHkkF;kZaP;k oSdfDrd] ;kolkf;d o vkfFkZd funsZ’kd gs izlkekU; laHkkO;rk odz (Normal Distribution Curve) ;ke/;s fo[kwjY;kps fnlwu ;srs-
*5% ‘kk’or ikrGhoj egRoiw.kZ **1% ‘kk’or ikrGhoj egRoiw.kZ
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Volume Issue October - 6 | - 1 | - 2016
4
v-dz- egkeaMGkP;k ;kstuk fuEu e/;e mPp ,dw.k
1 Ckht HkkaMoy ;kstuk 25 ¼14-20%½ 121¼68-75%½ 30 ¼17-05%½ 176 2 Ekqnrh dtZ ;kstuk 18 ¼14-17%½ 87 ¼68-50%½ 22 ¼17-33%½ 127 3 ekftZu euh ;kstuk 03 ¼11-11%½ 20 ¼74-07%½ 04 ¼14-82%½ 27 4 Lof.kZek ;kstuk 10 ¼14-08%½ 55 ¼77-46%½ 06 ¼08-86%½ 71 5 Lkw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk 04 ¼11-76%½ 26 ¼76-47%½ 04 ¼11-77%½ 34 6 Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk 05 ¼10-86%½ 32 ¼69-57%½ 09 ¼19-57%½ 46 7 efgyk le/nh ;kstuk 02 ¼10-52%½ 15 ¼78-95%½ 02 ¼10-53%½ 19
,dq.k 67 356 77 500
v-dz- egkeaMGkP;k ;kstuk fuEu e/;e mPp ,dw.k
1 Ckht HkkaMoy ;kstuk 26 ¼14-77%½ 116¼65-91%½ 34 ¼19-32%½ 176 2 Ekqnrh dtZ ;kstuk 22 ¼17-32%½ 80 ¼62-99%½ 25 ¼19-69%½ 127 3 ekftZu euh ;kstuk 06¼22-22%½ 16 ¼59-26%½ 05 ¼18-52%½ 27 4 Lof.kZek ;kstuk 10 ¼14-08%½ 47 ¼66-20%½ 14 ¼19-72%½ 71 5 Lkw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk 09 ¼26-47%½ 21 ¼61-76%½ 04 ¼11-77%½ 34 6 Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk 12 ¼26-07%½ 28 ¼60-87%½ 06 ¼13-04%½ 46 7 Ekfgyk le/nh ;kstuk 01 ¼05-26%½ 14 ¼73-68%½ 04 ¼21-06%½ 19
,dq.k 86 322 92 500
v-dz- egkeaMGkP;k ;kstuk fuEu e/;e mPp ,dw.k
1 Ckht HkkaMoy ;kstuk 19 ¼10-80%½ 123¼69-89%½ 34 ¼19-31%½ 176 2 Ekqnrh dtZ ;kstuk 15 ¼11-81%½ 92 ¼72-44%½ 20 ¼15-75%½ 127 3 ekftZu euh ;kstuk 05 ¼18-52%½ 18 ¼66-67%½ 04 ¼14-81%½ 27 4 Lof.kZek ;kstuk 08 ¼11-27%½ 50 ¼70-42%½ 13 ¼18-31%½ 71 5 Lkw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk 05 ¼14-71%½ 24 ¼70-59%½ 05 ¼14-70%½ 34 6 Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk 11 ¼23-91%½ 27 ¼58-70%½ 08 ¼17-39%½ 46 7 Ekfgyk le/nh ;kstuk 05 ¼26-32%½ 11 ¼57-89%½ 03 ¼15-79%½ 19
,dq.k 68 345 87 500
v-dz- egkeaMGkP;k ;kstuk lglaca/k xq.kd 1 Ckht HkkaMoy ;kstuk 0-3505** 2 eqnrh dtZ ;kstuk 0-3506** 3 ekftZu euh ;kstuk 0-4375* 4 Lof.kZek ;kstuk 0-2773** 5 Lkw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk 0-2668 6 Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk 0-1990 7 Efgyk le`/nh ;kstuk 0-1920
“vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl ----
lkj.kh dz- 4 e/;s cht HkkaMoy] ekftZu euh o Lof.kZek ;kstusP;k xq.kdke/;s lglaca/k vkgs vls vk<Grs- ek= moZjhr lw{e iriqjoBk] Lo;a l{ke o efgyk le`/nh ;kstuse/;s lglaca/k fnlwu ;sr ukgh- v/;;uklkBh fuoMysY;k ykHkkF;kZaP;k izfrlknko#u foHkkftr dsysY;k oS;fDrd o O;kolkf;d ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjs lglaca/k n’kZfoyk vkgs- egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkP;k* cht HkkaMoy ;kstuk] eqnrh dtZ ;kstuk] Lof.kZek ;kstuk ;k R;kaP;k oS;fDrd o O;kolkf;d pyke/khy lglaca/k xq.kdke/;s 1% ‘kk’or ikrGhoj egRoiw.kZ vk<GY;k rj ekftZu euh ;kstukgh 5% ‘kk’or ikrGhoj egRoiw.kZ vk<Gyh ;kps dkj.k Eg.kts L=h ykHkkF;kZis{kk iq#”k ykHkkF;kZaps ;k ;kstuse/;s opZLo] 20&40 ;k o;ksxVkrhy egkfo|ky;hu ykHkkFkhZ la[;k] O;olk;kr dehr&deh dtZ ?ksÅu 50% Ik;Zar R;krwu fLFkj laiRrh [kjsnh d#u feGkysY;k mRiUukrwu egkeaMGkfo”k;h lek/kku O;Dr dj.ks gs vkgs-
^egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMGkP;k* lw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk] Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk] efgyk le`/nh ;kstus e/;s lglaca/k xq.kd vk<Gr ukgh- ;kps dkj.k Eg.kts ykHkkF;kZaph la[;k o R;kaph ‘kS{kf.kd ikrGh ;kr fofHkUurk vkgs- rlsp dqVqackrhy O;Drhaph la[;k o R;kaps okf”kZd mRiUu vf/kd vkgs- ykHkkFkhZ O;kolkf;d izf’k{khr ukgh- R;keqGs ijaijkxr O;olk; d#u dehr&deh mRiUu deforkr- rlsp egkeaMGkdMwu dehr&deh dtZ ?ksÅu tkLrhr&tkLr O;kt R;koj nsrkr- dtkZph ijrQsM lq/nk brj ;kstusP;k ykHkkF;kZis{kk yodj djrkr- R;keqGs R;kauk ikfgts rso<k ykHk egkeaMGkP;k dtkZiklwu u feGkY;kus ;k ;kstusps ykHkkFkhZ lek/kku O;Dr dfjr ukgh-
1-egkeaMGkph cht HkkaMoy ;kstuk] eqnrh dtZ ;kstuk] ekftZu euh ;kstuk Lo;ajkstxkj dj.;klkBh fdaok m|ksx LFkkiu dj.;klkBh rj LOkf.kZek ;kstuk efgykauk l{ke dj.;klkBh rlsp lw{e iriqjoBk ;kstuk iq#”kkaP;k cpr xVkauk] Lo;a l{ke dtZ ;kstuk gh O;kolkf;d f’k{kd iw.kZ >kysY;k r#.k&r#.khauk O;olk; dj.;klkBh] efgyk le`/nh ;kstuk efgykaP;k cpr xVkauk dtZ iqjoBk djhr vlrs- 2-egkeaMGkP;k cht HkkaMoy ;kstuk o eqnrh dtZ ;kstusph ykHkkFkhZ la[;k brj ;kstusP;k izek.kkr [kwi tkLr vlY;kps R;kaP;k vkfFkZd v/;;uko#u y{kkr ;srs- 3-egkeaMGkP;k ,dw.k 07 ;kstusiSdh QDr cht HkkaMoy dtZ ;kstuk jkT; ‘kklukph vlwu mjysY;k ;kstuk g;k jk”Vªh; egkeaMGkP;k vkgsr- R;kaph okfguhd`r ;a=.kk Eg.kwu jkT; egkeaMG dk;Z djhr vlrs-4-lglaca/k xq.kdko#u egkeaMGkps dkgh ykHkkFkhZ lek/kkuh vkgsr rj dkgh ykHkkFkhZ lek/kkuh ukghr gs y{kkr ;srs-
1-Kaushik S.K. &V. Rengrajan (2010), ‘Microfinance and women Empowerment’, serial publication; Delhi.2-Mohanty Manoranjan (2004), ‘Vol.-5, 6 Class, Cast, Gender: Readings in Indian Government and Politics’, Sage Publications; New Delhi. 3-Puniya Ajitkumar (2005), ‘National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation’, Project Report Submitted in Karnataka Govt. 4-Yadav Namita (2002), ‘Other Backward Classes: Then and Now’, Sage Publications; New Delhi. 5-vkxykos MkW- izfni ¼2006½] la’kks/ku i/nrh ‘kkL= o ra=s*] fo|k izdk’ku; ukxiqj-6-vkacMZsdj ,u-,l- vkf.k ikVhy ts-,Q- ¼1979½] Hkkjrh; dkexkj leL;k o dkexkj fo/kku*] dkWUVhusaVy izdk’ku; iq.ks-7-cksjpkVs lqfuy f’konkl ¼2011½] egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG ftYgk dk;kZYk; okf’ke ;kaps fpfdRld v/;;u* ¼dkyko/kh 2003&04 rs 2008&09½] fi-,pMh- izca/k] ukxiwj fo|kihB; ukxiwj- 8-dkysydj MkW- ,u-Tkh- ¼1975½] dkysydjlZ ejkBh baxzth fMD’kujh*] ‘kqHknk ljLorh; iq.ks-9-dkpksys MkW- nk-/kks- ¼1993½] lkekftd la’kks/ku i/nrh*] dSyk’k ifCyds’ku; vkSjaxkckn-10-dkacMs MkW- mRre ¼2009½] fiaNMks dk lkekftd jktfufrd vkanksyu*] fl/nkFkZ cqDLk; ubZ fnYyh-11-usg# tokgjyky ¼1989½] laf{kIRk fo’o bfrgkl dh >yd*] lLrklkfgR; eaMy izdk’ku; fnYyh-12-ekfgrhiqfLrdk % egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl egkeaMG-13-osclkbZV %1-http://www.nbcfdc.org.in2-http://www.msobcfdc.com
fu"d”kZ %
lanHkZxzaFk %
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izk- vfuy egknsojko frjdj
izk- MkW- v#a/krh ,l- fuukos
lgk¸;d izk/;kid ] Jherh y-jk-rks- okf.kT; egk- vdksyk-
lg;ksxh izk/;kid ] Jherh y-jk-rks- okf.kT; egk- vdksyk-
“vdksyk vkf.k okf’ke ftYg;krhy egkjk”Vª jkT; brj ekxkloxhZ; foRr vkf.k fodkl ----
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