role of prefabricated systems in massive low energy...

1 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement

Role of prefabricated systems in massive Low Energy Renovation of Building

Mark Zimmermann Empa

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How much energy do we really need ?

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Basic needs for living

Social security

Social network

Social competition

Personel fulfillment

Maslow Pyramide

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Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development

Countries with Highest CO2 Emissionen per Capita

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Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development

Countries with Highest CO2 Emissionen per Capita

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Countries with Largest Negative Climate Impact

Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development

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Loosers and Winners

Largest emittors

Largest impact of climate change

Both

Source: UN Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development

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Global CO2-Concentration

Source: Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/)

Februar 2005 Kyoto-Protokoll in force

1997 Kyoto-Protokoll agreed

1973 1. Oil crisis

Pre-industrial level: ca. 275 ppm 260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

pp

m

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The 2000 Watt Concept

In order to achieve also the goals of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) of 1 ton CO2-emissionen per capita, only 500 W may come from fossil fuels, 1’500 W have to come from renewable, CO2-free energy resources.

About 2'000 Watt per capita (17'500 kWh/a) are needed, to ensure a healthy society that achieves a reasonable level of prosperity

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Aimed Distribution of Energy

Source: Novatlantis, www.novatlantis.ch

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Max. Heating load < 10 W/m2 Heating power < 10 kWh/(m2·a) Air leakage of envelope nL50 < 0.6 /h Efficient, electrical appliances

(A label) About 30‘000 housing units built in D, A, CH

Passive Houses fulfil 2000 Watt-criteria

Sunnywoods, Architekt Beat Kämpfen

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Pri

mar

y En

ergy

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n M

J/m

2 F

HA

Heating Hot Water Electricity Construction Renewal

Efficiency Curve of Buildings

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

SIA380/1 Minergie Passive house CH Ø

Target 2000 Watt

From 15 to 1 L/m² for heating

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Heating Demand of Building Stock Heating Energy Demand and Heated Floor Area of Dwellings in Zurich

kWh/m²a

1900 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 1925

50

100

150

New

buildings

50

100

150

200

kW

h/m

²a

Target

Constructed floor area (million m²) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

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Repair – Renewal – Demolition ?

What is an optimal renovation strategy?

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Renewal or Reconstruction?

Renewal

Renewal

evtl.

Reconstruction

Reconstruction

Renewal

Repair Renewal

Renewal

evtl.

Reconstruction

Repair Repair

Repair

evtl.

Reconstruction

Potential for extension

small medium large

≈ 0 % ≈15 % >25 %

Lo

cati

on

po

or

mediu

m

attra

ctive

… also to be

considered

• Usability / flexibility

/ Demand

• Construction

quality, sound

protection,

earthquake safety

• Integration in

neighborhood,

historic value

• Tenant situation

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Building renewal with prefabricated elements

80-90 % energy savings + added values (room extension, attic apartment)

Deep Building Renovation

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Traditional Renovation

hardly future oriented

too many technical compromises

to many craftsman involved

poor coordination on site

low quality level

inefficient construction processes

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Whole building concept

no technical compromises

few companies involved

well coordinated modules

quality assurance

rapid construction processes

K. Viridén, Zurich Prefab Building Renovation

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Prefab Building Renovation

SOLTAG

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Soltag project by Velux, Copenhagen Denmark

Prefab Building Renovation

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Large size modules developed by Austrian team

Austrian Façade Elements

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Swiss Façade Elements

Small size modules developed by Swiss team

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French Façade Elements

Large size prefabricated steel frame retrofit modules

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Prefabrication of large elements has to ensure that the elements will fit to the existing building

Picture: Wood-Wisdom, TES-EnergyFaçade

Challenge of Pre-Fabrication

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Laser Scanning – Design Support

Planarity of façades Horizontal sections

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Planning of Façade Modules

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Prefabrication of Façade Elements

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Mounting of Façade Elements

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Krummbach School and Caretakers Building

Krummbach School and Caretakers Building

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before retrofit

after retrofit

PV electricity

kWh-

(m²·y)

200

150

100

50

0

Zug Zürich Krummbach Roosendaal Graz, 3-19 Graz, 4-14

Energy consumption for heating ventilation, hot water

Demonstration projects in Austria, Netherlands, Switzerland

6 Demonstration sites with totally 363 apartments and 1 school

IEA Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of 3 apartment buildings (1959) completed 2008, GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC

Austrian Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of 2 apartment buildings (1970) completed 2009, GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC

Austrian Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of row houses buildings (1952) completed 2009,

GAP-Solution / AEE INTEC

Austrian Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of apartment building (1952) completed 2009, Miloni Architects

Swiss Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of apartment building (1952) completed 2009, Beat Kaempfen Architects

Swiss Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of school building (1952) completed 2011, Bruno Thoma / Alexander Ritz

Swiss Demonstration Buildings

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Renovation of residential area by DAT archiecten / Trecodome

Dutch Demonstration Buildings

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Actual Repair Low energy Demolition state only renovations reconstruction

Society Environment Economy

European Retrofit Advisor

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46 23/10/2015 Groupe Systèmes Énergétiques - Institut Forel - Institut des sciences de l’environnement

Existing

Building

Traditional

Renovation

Traditional

Low Energy

Renovation

Prefab Retrofit

with

Steep Roof

Prefab Retrofit

with

Flat Roof

Prefab Retrofit

with Room

Extension

European Retrofit Advisor

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European Retrofit Advisor

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Traditional

buildings should be

refurbished with

traditional methods

Historical Buildings

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About 85% nanoporous aerogel

granulate is used as additive for the

light weight plaster

Mineral rendering that is insulating

like air

New Insulation Rendering

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Thermal conductivity < 30 mW / (m·K) in real application

60 – 80 mm thickness of one layer

Sprayable with available rendering machines

Vapour resistance μ < 5

Purely mineral

Low shrinkage

Applicable in- and outside

New Insulation Rendering

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Spraying of Aerogel Renderings

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 2 4 6 8 The

rmal

co

nd

uct

ivit

y m

W/(

m·K

)

Pressure [bar]

Render A Render B

Poly-

styrene

Air

High pressures of approx. 8 bar press free water into the aerogel pores. If this happens, the thermal conductivity will increase rapidly.

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67

110

70 70 70

8575

80

130

90

7570

25

Wärmeleitfähgikeit heutiger Dämmputze im

Vergleich [mW / (m K)]

Thermal conductivity of insulating rendering systems in mW/(m·K)

Thermal Conductivity of Insulation Renderings

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Prefab Retrofit suitable for deep renovation

Energy savings > 80% are realistic target, potential for Zero or Plus-energy building

Energy savings measures itself are hardly cost effective > added values needed

Expected service life > 50 years

Technologies are available

Summary Prefab Building Retrofit

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Social challenges for energy retrofit

Financing situation for building renovation often difficult

Additional legal requirements for comprehensive renovations (earthquake, fire, sound, energy, water management, electrical installations)

Trend to self-owned apartments with emphasis on internal and step by step renovations

Additional difficulties for inhabited construction sites, especially during winter time

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Thank you for your attention!

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