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SEISMIC JEOPARDY

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Vocab for 100

What is a “Sky-light”

A hole in the top of a lava tube

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Vocab for 200

What is the difference between Lava and Magma

Magma is liquid earth below the surface, and when it come to the surface it

changes its name to lava

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Vocab for 300

The term used for one plate sliding under another plate

Sub-duction

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Vocab for 400

The name of the point where the earthquake actually occurs

Focus

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Vocab for 500

The name of the earthquake scale that measures destruction

Mercalli

The top 2 layers of the earth

Lithosphere – crust and upper mantle

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Vocab for 600

The type of material that comes out of a shield volcano and produces “black sand beaches”

Basalt

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Vocab for 700

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Volcano for 100

What are the three types of Volcanoes

Strato (composite), shield, and cinder cone

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Volcano for 200

What type of volcano is Hawaii, and how was it formed

Shield Volcano, weak spot in the plate that moved over a magma

chamber

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Volcano for 300

The name of the process of moving heat within the earth in a circular pattern

Convection

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Volcano for 400

Strato volcanoes are explosive and produce Pyroclastic Flows. What are Pyroclastic Flows

Hot gaseous avalanches containing ash, cinders, and other pieces (pyroclastic)

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Volcano for 500

What is the name given to the area around the Pacific where many volcanoes are located

Ring of Fire

The type of volcano that produces very low profile slopes to the side of the mountain

Shield

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Volcano for 600

When new land reaches the surface in the mid Atlantic ridge, it takes on the polarity of the poles and produces “what” on the sea floor

Magnetic stripes

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Volcano for 700

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Earthquakes for 100

What is the Epicenter

Surface location of an earthquake

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Earthquakes for 200

What are the four types of waves given off when an earthquake hits

P Waves (primary)

S Waves (secondary)

Rayleigh Waves

Love Waves

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Earthquakes for 300

What is the difference between a Fold and a Fault

A Fold is a bend in the land and a fault is when it cracks

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Earthquakes for 400

The type of plate movement we experience in California

Transgressional or transformational movement

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Earthquakes for 500

How much stronger is a 7.0 earthquake than a 4.0

1000 times stronger

Earthquakes produce two types of Displacement, what are they

Vertical and Horizontal

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Earthquakes for 600

What is the name of the scale that measures destruction for earthquakes

Mercalli

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Earthquakes for 700

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Plates for 100

What are the names of the two plates in California

Pacific Plate and North American Plate

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Plates for 200

What is produced at the contact point between an Oceanic plate and a continental plate

Trench

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Plates for 300

What are the three types of plate movement (3 or 4 will be accepted)

Divergent, Transgression, and Convergent (subduction & over-riding)

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Plates for 400

What type of feature is created when two continental plates collide

Very tall non-volcanic mountains -Himalayas

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Plates for 500

The type of movement that is located along the Mid Atlantic Ridge

Divergent

• The name of the small plate just above the state of Washington

Juan de Fuca

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Plates for 600

These are located a the bottom of the mid Atlantic ridge and produce a “Chimney like” product

Black Smokers

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Plates for 700

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Misc for 100

What was Pangaea

All land masses were once connected

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Misc for 200

What is the Richter Scale

Scale used to determine earthquake force

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Misc for 300

Where did Volcanoes get their name

Roman God – blacksmith - Vulcan

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Misc for 400

Who is Pelee

Hawaiian Goddess of Volcanoes

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Misc for 500

What is a Lahar

When Pyroclastic flows encounter water, and create a slurry of cement like gunk

What type of wave produces a push pull movement

P waves

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Misc for 600

The two types of surface waves

Love and Rayleigh waves

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Misc for 700

F 100

a bend in the earth’s surface

Fold

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F 200

A crack in the earth’s surface

Fault

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F 300

The surface spot above the point of rupture of an earthquake

Epicenter

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F 400

What is the Descending Plate Theory

The sub-ducting part of the plate, is pulling the rest of the plate along, “tearing open” the Mid Atlantic

Ridge

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F 500

This is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption

Caldera

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F 600

Seismic characteristics of a sub-duction zone

Shallow and deep earthquakes along one side

of the plate bound

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F 700

Volcanic characteristics of a subduction zone

Tall narrow volcanic mountain range

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G 100

Seismic characteristics of a divergent zone

Shallow consistent pattern of earthquakes evenly distributed

between the plate boundary

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G 200

Lunar Pull Theory, what is it

The gravitational pull of the moon is what makes the plates move

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G 300

How does the difference in Density of the Earth’s Plates explain how they move?

The weight of the older colder part of the plate “sinks” into the mantle, pulling the

newer part of the plate along with it

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G 400

How does Centrifugal Force Theory explain plate movement?

The rotational velocity of the Earth spinning forces the plates to move

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G 500

What is a “Hot Spot” or Thermal Plume

relatively small, long-lasting, and exceptionally hot regions -- called hotspots -- existed below the plates that would provide localized sources of high heat energy (thermal plumes) to sustain volcanism

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G 600

What is the theory of Magma Injection?

Area’s along the Mid Atlantic Ridge where active magma is injected upward causing divergent

movement

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G 700

Name at least two non-scientific legends regarding plate movement

Catfish-Japan, Great Winds – Aristotle,

Elephants – India, etc

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FINAL JEOPARDYSubject: Loma Prieta Earthquake

Why did San Francisco endure so much more damage in the Marina district than the city of San Jose which was 50 miles closer to the epicenter

Liquefaction – Marina district was built on land-fill, and therefore shook with much more force, because the land was so much more unstable