session 21 andreas tapani
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Trafiksimulering för utvärdering av fordonsbaserade ITS-tillämpningarAndreas Tapani
Förarstöd och andra ITS
Vilka blir effekterna?
Trafiksimulering ger svar!
Trafiksimulering för utvärdering av fordonsbaserade ITS
Traditionell trafiksimulering. Studier av framkomlighet vid olika:
Trafikstyning Vägutformning (nät, enskilda länkar/korsningar)
Trafiksimulering för utvärdering av fordonsbaserade ITS: ITS funktionalitet Skillnader i förar/fordonsbeteende Ytterligare tillämpningsområden (säkerhet, miljö)
Trafiksimulering för utvärdering av fordonsbaserade ITS
Trafiksimulering för utvärdering av fordonsbaserade ITS
Trafiksimulering av fordonsbaserade ITS:
Mera detaljerade och flexibla förar/fordonsmodeller!?
Analysis of rumble strips and driver fatigue
Infrastructure-based milled rumble strips
Vehicle-based ”virtual” rumble strips
Sleep deprived drivers accepted 4 % shorter distances to the closest oncoming
Average reaction time:Alert drivers 1.47 sSleep deprived drivers 1.63 s
Individual driver behaviour
Observations from a driving simulator study:
Alert and sleep deprived driving
Driving speed in free driving conditions Car-following reaction times Distance to oncoming vehicles at the
start of overtaking
Modelling rumble strips and driver fatigue
Rumble strips on two-lane highways: The simulation model must allow modelling of two-lane
highways The RuTSim model
Modelling of rumble strips and driver fatigue in RuTSim by modification of:
Desired speeds Reaction times Overtaking probabilities
Performance indicators
Average journey speed
Time-to-collision based safety indicators(with respect to oncoming vehicles during overtaking situations)
TTC
t
+ = TETi
TITi
TTC*
RuTSim simulations
Driver behaviour data and road alignment from the driving simulator study
Simulations of traffic with No rumble strip Milled Rumble strip In-vehicle rumble strip Varying percentages of sleep deprived drivers
0 5 10 2590
91
92
93
94
95(a) No rumble strip
Alert
Sleep deprived
0 5 10 2590
91
92
93
94
95(b) Milled rumble strip
Ave
rage
jour
ney
spee
d [k
m/h
]
0 5 10 2590
91
92
93
94
95(c) In-vehicle virtual rumble strip
Percentage of sleep deprived drivers [%]
0 5 10 253
3.5
4
4.5
5(a) No rumble strip
Alert
Sleep deprived
0 5 10 253
3.5
4
4.5
5(b) Milled rumble strip
Ave
rage
TET
[s]
0 5 10 253
3.5
4
4.5
5(c) In-vehicle virtual rumble strip
Percentage of sleep deprived drivers [%]
0 5 10 25
6
7
8
(a) No rumble strip
Alert
Sleep deprived
0 5 10 25
6
7
8
(b) Milled rumble strip
Ave
rage
TIT
[s2 ]
0 5 10 25
6
7
8
(c) In-vehicle virtual rumble strip
Percentage of sleep deprived drivers [%]
Results
050
100150200250300350400450500550600650700750
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
t [s]
x [m
]
overtaker
preceding
opposing
opposing
Effekter av en ”omkörningsassistent”
Overtaking Assistant on the N305
Almere - Zeewolde, 15 km long, 8 m wide
1. Current situation2. Overtaking Assistant threshold3. Overtaking Assistant penetration level
The Overtaking Assistant in RuTSim: Changed driver willingness to overtake Calculate time to oncoming vehicle, commence overtaking if
longer than the assistant threshold
510 25 50 1005
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Assistant penetration level [%]
OF
[#
/ (km
h
1000
veh
]
A-Z
510 25 50 1005
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Assistant penetration level [%]
Z-A
Assisted
Non-assisted
8 9.5 11 12.5 14
10
20
30
40
A-Z
Assistant threshold [s]
OF
[#
/ (km
h
1000
veh
]
8 9.5 11 12.5 140
10
20
30
40
Assistant threshold [s]
Z-A
Assisted
Non-assisted
Resultat (exempel)
Simulering av trafik i olika regioner
Skillnader mellan geografiska (kulturella) områden Olika regler Olika beteende
Risk för ogiltiga modellantaganden
Vehicle Trajectory Impacts of Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): fixed speed cruise control extended with a distance controller
ACC is primarily marketed as a system for increased driver comfort
ACC has a potential to influence:● Capacity?● Safety?● Traffic’s environmental impact?
Studies of ACC
Driver behaviour in ACC-equipped vehicles
● Reduced attention
● Over-reliance on the system
● Changes in speeds and desired following distances
Effects of ACC on the traffic system
● Traffic simulation based analyses Capacity and speeds
This study
Impacts of ACC on vehicle acceleration and deceleration rates Simulation of mixed traffic including
ACC-equipped and standard vehicles Consequences of observed driver behavioural changes
Car-following modelling of ACC-equipped and standard vehicles:
ACC-vehicles: (IDM, Treiber et al. 2000)
Standard vehicles: (HDM, Treiber et al. 2006)
• IDM + human reaction delays, anticipation and perception errors
• Full speed range ACC – system limitations and driver acceptance is not considered
An indicator of vehicle trajectory smoothness
Acceleration noise (ACN)
ACN for ACC-equipped and standard vehicles
Equal desired following distancesand speeds for ACC-equipped and standard vehicles
Sammanfattning
● Trafiksimulering ger möjlighet att analysera trafiksystemeffekter av förarstöd och andra ITS
● ITS-tillämpningens funktionalitet och inverkan på förarbeteendet påverkar simuleringsresultaten
● Fortsatt forskning Förarbeteende och trafiksimulering Sambandet mellan simuleringsbaserade indikatorer och
effekter i verklig trafik “Co-operative systems”
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