shmd 129 sport management

SHMD 129

SPORT MANAGEMENT

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES HR recruits promising applicants, & line

managers select people to fill positions.

During your career you will be interviewed, & as a manager you will likely conduct job interviews.

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES Recruiting:

The process of attracting qualified candidates to apply for job openings.

It can be expensive, & to attract more candidates, more firms are offering flexible work schedules & better work-life balance.

For an organization to fill an opening, possible candidates must be made aware that the organization is seeking employees.

They must then be persuaded to apply for the jobs.

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES Internal Recruiting:

Involves filling job openings with current employees or personal referrals.

Promotions from within & employee referrals are 2 common types of internal recruiting.

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES External Recruiting: The following are external recruiting

sources:Walk-ins.Educational institutions.Agencies.Advertising.

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES Selection Process:

The process of choosing the most qualified applicant recruited for a job.

Selection is a crucial activity because bad hiring decisions haunt an organization for years.

The selection process ban be thought of as a series of hurdles that the applicant must overcome to be offered the job.

ATTRACTING EMPLOYEES Selection Process:

Application Form.Screening Interview.Testing.Background & Reference Checks. Interviewing.Hiring.

INTERVIEWING

Heavily weighted in most selection processes.

INTERVIEWING Choosing the type of Interview:

The 3 types of interviews are based on structure:1. Structured interviews:

Use a list of prepared questions to ask all candidates.

2. Unstructured interviews. Don’t use preplanned questions or preplanned

sequence of topics.

INTERVIEWING3. Semistructured interviews:

Ask questions from a prepared list but also ask unplanned questions.

Depart from prepared questions when they believe it is appropriate.

HR prefer semistructured interviews – prevent discrimination & allow flexibility in pursuing lines of questioning & conversation, giving accurate assessment of candidates’ motivation & attitudes.

INTERVIEWING Formulating Questions:

Interviewers use 4 types of questions:1. Closed-ended questions:

Yes or no answers.

2. Open-ended questions: Unlimited response.

3. Hypothetical questions: Describe what they would do & say in a

given situation.

INTERVIEWING4. Probing questions:

Clarify aspects of their background or aspect brought up by interviewer & help understand an issue or point.

INTERVIEWING Preparing for the Interview:

Going through the formalized procedure will help you improve your interviewing skills:1. Review job description & specifications.2. Plan realistic job preview.3. Plan type of interview.4. Develop questions for all candidates.5. Develop a form.6. Develop questions for each candidate.

INTERVIEWING Conducting the Interview:

Following the steps will help make you an effective interviewer:1. Open the interview.2. Give realistic job preview.3. Ask your questions.4. Introduce top candidates to co-workers.5. Close the interview.

INTERVIEWING Avoiding Problems When Selecting:

Tips for the selection process:Don’t rush.Don’t stereotype.Don’t look for employees who are copies of

you.Don’t look for halos & horns.Don’t jump prematurely.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES

Organization must develop employees through orienting & training them.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES Orientation:

Introduces new employees to the organization, its culture, & their job.

There are 5 elements used in effective orientation programs:

1. Explain what the organization does & department functions that new person will be part of.

2. Explain what the new employee’s job task & responsibilities are.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES3. Go over standing plans that need to be

followed to get the job done.4. New employee given a tour of facilities.5. Introduce to coworkers.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES Training & Development:

Training is about acquiring the skills necessary to perform a job.

Development is ongoing education that improves skills for present & future jobs.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES Training Cycle:

Ensure that training is systematic and effective by following the following steps:

1. Conduct a needs assessment.2. Set objectives.3. Prepare training.4. Conduct training.5. Measure & evaluate training results.

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES Training Methods:

List of various training methods available:Written materialLectureVideoQuestion & AnswersDiscussionProgrammed LearningDemonstration

DEVELOPING EMPLOYEES Job rotationProjectsRole-PlayingCases Interactive Video

PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS Ongoing process of evaluating

employee performance.

The performance appraisal process:Step 1 – Job analysisStep 2 – Develop standards & measurement

methodsStep 3 – Informal performance appraisal –

coaching & discipline.Step 4 – Prepare for & conduct the formal

performance appraisal.

RETAINING EMPLOYEES There are numerous strategies for

retaining employees.

The following are 3 areas that affect employee retention:CompensationHealth & safetyLabour relations

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED What is an entrepreneur?

An ordinary individual who does extraordinary things which other

ordinary individuals hesitate to do.

The act of doing is a distinctive element of the entrepreneur.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED Example:

Two individuals speculate about the possibility of introducing an electric car into a specific market. Individual A keeps on speculating while

individual B does, in fact, introduce the electric car into the market.

Individual B qualifies as an entrepreneur by introducing a product into the market for the first time.

On the other hand, individual A failed to act and therefore failed to qualify as an entrepreneur.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED The word “entrepreneurship” is derived

from “entreprendre” which means to ‘undertake, to pursue opportunities; to fulfil the needs and wants through innovation and starting businesses’.

An entrepreneur is a person who initiates an enterprise, organizes it, and acquires capital to finance it, taking into consideration the risk and reward that accompanies it.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED The primary inputs of the entrepreneur into

the enterprise are initiative, talent, ideas, knowledge and, often equity.

Entrepreneurs are, people who innovate, and innovation is the distinctive element of entrepreneurship.

The entrepreneur redirects resources from areas of low productivity and low return to areas of higher productivity and return.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED Although risk is involved, the true

entrepreneur should not exceed the boundaries of “calculated risk”.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED 5 Tasks of Entrepreneurs:

1. Introduces a new product or service into the market, or implements a new approach to existing problems.

2. Develops or implements new technology which could curb costs and improve efficiency.

3. Exploits a new market by launching products, services or technologies which did not previously exist in the market.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED

4. Discovers a new source of supply for a scarce resource or discovers methods to make the supply of existing resources more effective.

5. Reorganise an existing enterprise, whether private or public, by innovative management.

FREE ENTERPRISE & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The history of capitalism (or free enterprise system), can be attributed to the activities of entrepreneurs.

Capitalism is thus the product of entrepreneurial action, & the entrepreneur is

not the product of capitalism as is often claimed.

It appears that the lesser the interference of the state in regulating the free enterprise system, the greater the possibility of achieving an entrepreneurial culture in a country.

FREE ENTERPRISE & ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Roles of Government:Remove legal obstacles to starting and

running enterprises. Implement support structures for

potential entrepreneurs with regard to training, consultation and financing.

Encourage entrepreneurial awareness through education and the media.

Curb government expenditure. Introduce favourable tax incentives

for small businesses.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A FUTURE SOUTH AFRICA

Considering the: level of unemployment, shortage of housing, uneven distribution of wealth & income, low level of education & high population growth rate in SA,

it appears only a miracle can solve these formidable problems.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A FUTURE SOUTH AFRICA

Entrepreneurs: Identify need of unemployment & housing. Seek solutions to these problems. Realise that the solution of one problem

(housing) can solve unemployment problem. To build a house:

Need to combine land, labour & capital. Labour includes – skilled, semi-skilled &

unskilled workers. Done economically efficient & profitable

manner. Involves planning, organising, leading &

controlling (POLC).