short term causes of world war i

The Short Term Steps to World

War I

The Steps to World War I

Note: All text appearing in boxes like this one must be recorded in your notes.

Note: All text appearing in boxes like this one must be recorded in your notes.

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Background1882 - Triple Alliance formed

•Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

1907 - Triple Entente formed •Great Britain, France, Russia

1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina•angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia •Third Balkan Crisis

1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs secret alliance with Germany

•common enemy of Russia

1882 - Triple Alliance formed•Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

1907 - Triple Entente formed •Great Britain, France, Russia

1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina•angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia •Third Balkan Crisis

1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs secret alliance with Germany

•common enemy of Russia

Triple Alliance –

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

Triple Alliance –

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

Background• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed

– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

• 1907 - Triple Entente formed – Great Britain, France, Russia.

• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia – Third Balkan Crisis

• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with Germany – common enemy of Russia

Triple Entente –

Great Britain, France, Russia

Triple Entente –

Great Britain, France, Russia

Background• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed

– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

• 1907 - Triple Entente formed – Great Britain, France, Russia.

• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia – Third Balkan Crisis

• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with Germany – common enemy of Russia

Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and

Herzegovina

Background• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed

– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

• 1907 - Triple Entente formed – Great Britain, France, Russia.

• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia – Third Balkan Crisis

• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with Germany – common enemy of Russia

Triple Entente –

Great Britain, France, Russia

Triple Entente –

Great Britain, France, Russia

Background• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed

– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria

• 1907 - Triple Entente formed – Great Britain, France, Russia.

• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)

• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia – Third Balkan Crisis

• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with Germany – common enemy of Russia

Triple Alliance –

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

Triple Alliance –

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

Balance of Power

France

Russia

Great Britain

Serbia

Austria-Hungary

Germany

Turkey

Italy

June 28, 1914June 28, 1914

Sarajevo, (Bosnia) Austria-HungarySarajevo, (Bosnia) Austria-Hungary

June 28, 1914

1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife at Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Austria blames Serbia.

1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife at Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Austria blames Serbia.

June 28, 1914

1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife at Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Austria blames Serbia.

1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife at Sarajevo, Bosnia.

Austria blames Serbia.

Black Hand’s stated aim was:

"To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organisation prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

"To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organisation prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

Austria-Hungary has not been lacking in good will and in the spirit of conciliation, to bring about reasonably good relations with Serbia, but it has just been shown that these efforts have been completely impotent and that the Monarchy must expect in the future to deal with the bitter, irreconcilable and aggressive enmity of Serbia.In these conditions the Monarchy must tear away with a strong hand the net in which its enemy seeks to entangle it.

Austria-Hungary has not been lacking in good will and in the spirit of conciliation, to bring about reasonably good relations with Serbia, but it has just been shown that these efforts have been completely impotent and that the Monarchy must expect in the future to deal with the bitter, irreconcilable and aggressive enmity of Serbia.In these conditions the Monarchy must tear away with a strong hand the net in which its enemy seeks to entangle it.

Emperor Franz Josef (Austria) sends a letter to Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) asking for support.

July 2, 1914

2. Germany sends a telegram indicating it would honour its treaty obligations to support Austria (known historically as the German ‘blank cheque’)

2. Germany sends a telegram indicating it would honour its treaty obligations to support Austria (known historically as the German ‘blank cheque’)

July 5, 1914

…Finally, as far as concerns Serbia, His Majesty, of course, cannot interfere in the dispute now going on between Austria-Hungary and that country, as it is a matter not within his competence. The Emperor Francis Joseph may, however, rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship…

…Finally, as far as concerns Serbia, His Majesty, of course, cannot interfere in the dispute now going on between Austria-Hungary and that country, as it is a matter not within his competence. The Emperor Francis Joseph may, however, rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship…

Telegram from the Imperial Chancellor, von Bethmann-Hollweg, to the German Ambassador at Vienna. Tschirschky, July 6, 1914

3. Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding a response in 48 hours. 3. Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding a response in 48 hours.

July 23, 1914

Austria-Hungary insisted that Serbia:

1. Put down all nationalist hatred against Austria-Hungary

2. Punish all those involved in the assassination plot3. Allow Austro-Hungarian officials into Serbia to help

crush the Black Hand

Austria-Hungary insisted that Serbia:

1. Put down all nationalist hatred against Austria-Hungary

2. Punish all those involved in the assassination plot3. Allow Austro-Hungarian officials into Serbia to help

crush the Black Hand

4. Serbia responds to the ultimatum by agreeing to many, but not all, of the terms.4. Serbia responds to the ultimatum by agreeing to many, but not all, of the terms.

July 25, 1914

"Part of your demands we have accepted... For the rest, we place our hopes on your loyalty and chivalry as an Austrian general."

Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic

"Part of your demands we have accepted... For the rest, we place our hopes on your loyalty and chivalry as an Austrian general."

Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic

5. Austria sends a telegram to Serbia declaring war.

5. Austria sends a telegram to Serbia declaring war.

July 28, 1914

6. Russia, in support of Serbia, proclaims a general mobilization

6. Russia, in support of Serbia, proclaims a general mobilization

July 30, 1914

7. France, as Russia’s ally, also authorizes a full mobilization

7. France, as Russia’s ally, also authorizes a full mobilization

July 31, 1914

8. Germany declares war on Russia8. Germany declares war on Russia

August 1, 1914

9. Germany declares war on France9. Germany declares war on France

August 3, 1914

10. Germany puts Schlieffen Plan into motion, invading neutral Luxemburg and Belgium.

10. Germany puts Schlieffen Plan into motion, invading neutral Luxemburg and Belgium.

August 2-4, 1914

11. Because of treaty agreements guaranteeing Belgian neutrality, Great Britain, along with Australia and Canada, declare war on Germany.

11. Because of treaty agreements guaranteeing Belgian neutrality, Great Britain, along with Australia and Canada, declare war on Germany.

August 4, 1914

From a Canadian perspective, World War I had now begun.

From a Canadian perspective, World War I had now begun.

1914 - 1917•1914 (Aug 5) – Montenegro joins the Allied Powers

•1914 (Aug. 23) – Japan joins the Allied Powers by declaring war on Germany

•1914 (Oct. 29) – Turkey joins the Central Powers

•1915 (May 23) – Italy joins the Allied Powers

•1915 (Oct. 14) – Bulgaria joins the Central Powers

•1916 (August 27) – Romania joins the Allied Powers

•1917 (Apr. 6) – The United States joins the Allied Powers

•1917 (Jun. 27) – Greece joins the Allied Powers

Countries Involved in World War I

Austria-Hungary Declared war on Serbia July 28, 1914

Belgium Refused German ultimatum demanding permission for German troops to cross Belgium

August 2, 1914

Bolivia Severed relations with Germany April 13, 1917

Brazil Severed relations with Germany April 11, 1917

Bulgaria Declared war on Serbia October 14, 1915

China Severed relations with Germany March 14, 1917

Costa Rica Severed relations with Germany September 21, 1917

Cuba Declared war on Germany April 7, 1917

Ecuador Severed relations with Germany December 8, 1917

France Invaded by Germany August 2, 1914

Germany Declared war on Russia August 1, 1914

Great Britain(Australia, Canada)

Declared war on Germany August 4, 1914

Greece Declared war on Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire

June 27, 1917

Guatemala Declared war on Germany April 23, 1918

Haiti Declared war on Germany July 12, 1918

Honduras Declared war on Germany July 19, 1918

Italy Declared war on Austria-Hungary May 23, 1915

Japan Declared war on Germany August 23, 1914

Liberia Declared war on Germany August 4, 1917

Montenegro Declared war on Austria-Hungary August 5, 1914

Nicaragua Declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

May 8, 1918

Ottoman Empire Declared war on Romania August 30, 1916

Panama Declared war on Germany April 7, 1917

Peru Severed relations with Germany October 6, 1917

Romania Declared war on Austria-Hungary August 27, 1916

Russia Declared war on the Ottoman Empire November 2, 1914

San Marino Declared war on Austria-Hungary June 3, 1915

Serbia Declared war on Germany August 6, 1914

Siam Declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

July 22, 1917

United States Declared war on Germany April 6, 1917

Uruguay Severed relations with Germany October 7, 1917

Your Assignment• Read the “War Breaks Out” (photocopy)

• Summarize each of the Long Term Causes of World War I in your notes

–Alliances–Nationalism–Imperialism–Militarism

• Write an article for the front page of a newspaper on August 5, 1914

• This article should:• Explain why Canada is at war• include both long and short term causes• Use inverted pyramid style (most important information first)

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain

common interests of the members. •Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.

•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries

•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.

•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.

•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries

•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.

•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial. •Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid

fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries

•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.

•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.

•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries

•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.

•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.

•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Glossary•Alliance - An association to further certain common interests of the members.

•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military service.

•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.

•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between countries

•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of powers) to another

Sources:

•www.westernfront.co.uk

•www.worldwar1.com

•din-timelines.com

•www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

•www.firstworldwar.com

•Microsoft Encarta 2004