skeletal and immune system quiz
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SKELETAL AND IMMUNE SYSTEM QUIZ
1. An intravenous infusion causing a
sharp rise in the blood level of
calcium will most likely result in:a. Increased osteoclast activity,
raising the blood level of
calcium.b. increased osteoclast activity
lowering the blood level of
calcium.c. increased osteoblast activity
lowering the blood level of
calcium.d. increased osteoblast activity,
raising the blood level of
calcium.2. Compared to the bones of an adult,
the bones of a growing child:a. show areas of cartilage in the
long bones.b. have more aversian canals.c. have fewer osteoblasts.d. are more dense.
!. "he ma#ority of the $C class II
molecules on the surface of a cell
infected with a bacterium will have
bound peptides that are derived
from:a. %iller " cellsb. "he bacteriumc. "he host cell
&. 'hich of the following statements
is true regarding activated ( cells)I. Activated ( cells contain more
rough endoplasmic reticulum
than activated " cellsII. Activated ( cells contain more
lysosomes than macrophagesIII. Activated ( cells contain no
nucleusa. I onlyb. II onlyc. I and II onlyd. I and III only
*.+..
-. 'hich of the following is not a
nonspecic immune defense)a. ydrochloric acid produced
by the gastric glandsb. /yso0yme in tearsc. Intact epidermal cellsd. roduction of antibodies
. 'hich of the following statements
best describes the di3erence
between the humoral response and
the cellular response)a. "he humoral response is a
specic immune response
while the cellular response is
nonspecic.b. "he cellular response is
directed against pathogens
that have entered body cells,
while the humoral response
is directed against free
4oating antigens.c. 5nly the humoral response
results in immunological
memory.d. "he cellular response
involves the production of
antibodies while the humoral
response does not.
16.
11.
12.
1!.
1&.
1*.
1+.
1.
1-.
1.
7keletal and Immune 7ystem 8ui0 1
26. $yasthenia gravis is a
neuromuscular disease that
researchers believe is caused by an
autoimmune reaction in which
antibodies are produced against
the acetylcholine receptor in the
neuromuscular #unction after a viral
infection. 'hich of the following
statements provides the best
e9planation of the cause of
autoimmune myasthenia gravis)a. iral proteins are recogni0ed
as ;self;, and antibodies
produced against the virus
cross<react with the
acetylcholine receptorb. iral proteins are recogni0ed
as ;self;, and antibodies
produced against the virus do
not cross<react with the
acetylcholine receptor.c. iral proteins are recogni0ed
as ;non<self;, and antibodies
produced against the virus
cross<react with the
acetylcholine receptord. iral proteins are recogni0ed
as ;non<self;, and antibodies
produced against the virus do
not cross<react with the
acetylcholine receptor.
21.
22.
2!.
2&.
2*. "he transfer of antibodies
from one individual who is immune
to a particular disease to another
individual who is not immune to
that disease is an e9ample of:a. naturally ac=uired active
immunity.b. naturally ac=uired passive
immunity.c. articially ac=uired active
immunity.d. Articially ac=uired passive
immunity2+. A chronic dietary deciency
in calcium would have the same
e3ect on bone structure as which
of the following abnormalities)a. >nderproduction of
parathyroid hormoneb. 5ver reduction of calcitoninc. Abnormally high osteoclast
activityd. Abnormally high osteoblast
activity2. Abnormal cells that could
potentially turn cancerous possess
molecular markers that are not
found on normal cells. 5nce
identied by the immune system,
these cells are destroyed. 'hich
type of immune cell is responsible
for destroying these abnormal
cells)a. ( cellb. "o9ic " cellc. 7uppressor " celld. elper " cell
2-.
2.
7keletal and Immune 7ystem 8ui0 2
I.
.
I.
II.
III.
I?.
X. SKELETAL & IMMUNE SYSTEM ANSWER KEY
1. Choice @C is the correct answer. If there is a sharp rise in the blood level of calcium, the body will work
to lower the calcium level in order to maintain homeostasis. "he cells that function in calcium
homeostasis are the osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Becall that osteoclasts break down bone, releasing
calcium into the blood, while osteoblasts build bone, removing calcium from the blood. In this case, the
body works to lower the blood level of calcium, so choice @A can be eliminated, since increased
osteoclast activity would raise blood calcium. Choice @( can be eliminated since it is a false statement:
an increase in osteoclast activity would raise the blood level of calcium, not lower it. Choice @ can be
eliminated since it is a false statement: an increase in osteoblast activity would lower the blood level of
calcium, not raise it.2. "he epiphyseal plate, composed of cartilage, is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones. "he bones
of a growing child would show areas of cartilage, while the bones of an adult would not. Choice @( is
incorrect since the bones of a child would not necessarily have more aversian canals than those of an
adult. Choice @C is incorrect since the bones of a child would likely have more osteoblasts than an adult,
since osteoblasts are responsible for building bone. Choice @ is incorrect, since the bones of a child
would not necessarily be denser than those of an adult. Choice @A is the correct answer. Choice @A is
the correct answer.!. 'hen a pathogen is ingested b y a macrophage, the pathogen is broken down into polypeptide
fragments. "hese polypeptide fragments are then displayed by the $C class II molecules on the
surface of the cell. Choice @( is the correct answer. Choice @ is the correct answer. Insulin acts to
decrease blood glucose levels while glucagon increases blood glucose level.&. "he primary function of activated ( cells is to produce antibodies to be secreted, while activated " cells
do not have as much of a secretory role. Antibodies are composed of & protein subunits. "hus,
activated ( cells would contain more rough endoplasmic reticulum, since the rough DB is the cellular
organelle responsible for the production of secretory proteins. 7tatement I must be part of the correct
answer, so choice @( can be eliminated. $acrophages are speciali0ed cells that engulf bacteria and
dead cells via phagocytosis and destroy the cellular material via digestive en0ymes and reactive forms
of o9ygen. $acrophages would have a greater number of lysosomes than activated ( cells, so
statement II is false. Choices @( and @C are therefore incorrect. Activated ( cells do contain nuclei, so
statement III is false, eliminating choice @. @$ature erythrocytes have no nuclei. 5nly statement I is
correct, and choice @A is the correct answer.*. Eonspecic immune defenses constitute the rst line of defense against infection. Intact skin, lyso0yme
found in tears, and hydrochloric acid produced by the gastric glands are all nonspecic immune
defenses. "he production of antibodies is part of the specic immune defense, so choice @ is the
correct answer.+. (oth the humoral response and the cellular response are specic immune responses, so choice @A is
false, and not the correct answer. Choice @( is true, and the correct answer: the humoral response is
directed against antigens that have not yet entered body cells, while the cellular response is directed
against pathogens that have entered body cells. Choice @C is incorrect, because both the humoral
response and the cellular response result in the formation of memory cells. Choice @ is false, since
the humoral response involves the production of antibodies.. An important task of the immune system is to identify ;self; vs. ;non<self; cells and destroy ;non<self;
cells while leaving Fself; cells unharmed. Choices @A and @( can be eliminated, since if the immune
system @erroneously identies the viral proteins as ;selfG,no antibodies will be produced against the
viral proteins. Choice @C represents a possible e9planation for the cause of myasthenia gravis: the
immune system correctly identies the viral proteins as Hnon<self, but antibodies produced against the
virus also react with the acetylcholine receptor, damaging the receptor. Choice @ is incorrect because
if the antibodies produced against the viral proteins do not cross<react with the acetylcholine receptor,
then no autoimmune disease results.-. 7ince this type of immunity results from the transfer of antibodies, it is a type of passive immunity, so
choices @A and @C are incorrect. Eaturally ac=uired immunity involves the passage of antibodies from
mother to fetus, so choices @A and @( are incorrect. "his leaves choice @, which is the correct
answer.. Becall that the function of osteoclasts is to break down bone. If the activity of osteoclasts is abnormally
high, calcium will be released from the bones, resulting in a lower mineral content in the bones. "his is
the same e3ect that a chronic dietary deciency in calcium would have, so choice @C is the correct
answer. arathyroid hormone raises the blood level of calcium by stimulating calcium release from
bone. In a person who does not produce suJcient parathyroid hormone, calcium is maintained in the
bones, so choice @A is incorrect. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting the release of
calcium from bone, so choice @( is incorrect. Abnormally high osteoblast activity would result in a
building up of bone, so choice @ is incorrect. Again, choice @C is the correct answer.
16.(y "est ay, you should be familiar with ( and " cells and know their functions. ( cells produce
antibodiesK cytoto9ic " cells destroy infected cells and cancer cellsK suppressor " cells regulate the
activity of ( and " cellsK and helper " cells activate ( and " cells. Cytoto9ic " cells are responsible for
destroying potentially cancerous cells, so choice @( is the correct answer.
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