solar powered desalination energy systems – fall 2004 devyn haycox & jeff taisch
Post on 17-Dec-2015
224 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Solar Powered Desalination
Energy Systems – Fall 2004Devyn Haycox & Jeff Taisch
Solar Powered Desalination
World Water Resources
Salt Water
Fresh Water The Worlds Water 97% Sea Water 3% Fresh Water
California Coastlinehttp://www.windycityart.com/californiawallpaper/ocean%20wallpaper.jpg
Solar Powered Desalination
World Fresh Water Resources
Ice
Ground Water
Riparian Areas
The Worlds Fresh Water 77% Ice 22% Ground Water 1% Rivers, Lakes and Streams
Solar Powered Desalination
Desalination
The separation and removal of ions, salts and other dissolved solids from water. Heat Based Membrane Based
Evaporation pool (Saudi Arabia)http://www.cea.fr/gb/publications/Clefs44/an-clefs44/clefs4481a.html
Topic Desalination powered by
renewable energy using photovoltaic cells, possibly in conjunction with a fuel cell.
Solar Powered Desalination
Photovoltaic cellshttp://www.greenfield-hydroponics.com/
Motivation People need access to clean
drinking water
1/3 of the world population lacks this access
This is expected to affect 2/3 of the population within 20 years
Solar Powered Desalination
Water scarcityhttp://news.bbc.co.uk
Research Question
Is it possible to build a small scale low maintenance desalination unit using current methods with power requirements able to be supplied by photovoltaic cells?
Solar Powered Desalination
Photovoltaic cellhttp://members.aol.com/norfloat/fotsol2.jpg
Corollary Questions What are the power requirements associated with
various desalination methods? What quantity of power can be feasibly supplied by
photovoltaic cells? What are the potential geographic and temporal
limitations? At what scale would various desalination methods be
compatible with PV cells while still producing water at a reasonable rate?
Solar Powered Desalination
Hypotheses If we use photovoltaic cells then we can replace
conventional power sources using current desalination methods.
If we use photovoltaic cells then we can offset a significant portion of the conventional power requirements using current desalination methods.
Photo voltaic cells are incompatible with current desalination methods.
Solar Powered Desalination
Strategies For Investigation
Research Current methods Energy requirements Scalability Intermittent power compatibility Cost comparison
Solar Powered Desalination
Coastlinehttp://pantransit.reptiles.org/images/1996-07-28/ocean-shore.jpg
Solar Powered Desalination
Strategies For InvestigationCalculations and analyses
Comparison of energy requirements with power output of various PV cells
Array size Water production rate Water quality Effective operational range variations with time Market analysis
Solar Powered Desalination
Strategies For Investigation
Conceptual unit design and construction Schematic Product design Prototype construction
Example of a desalination schematichttp://www.commonwealthknowledge.net/Desalntn/binfds3.jpg
Solar Powered Desalination
Current Desalination Research As fresh water scarcity concerns have risen,
research and development in desalination has increased
A large portion of the research is being done in the United States, the Middle East, and Japan
The most commonly used desalination method is multi-flash distillation
The most commonly used solar powered desalination method is passive evaporation
Solar Powered Desalination
Current Desalination Research Examples Boehner discusses solar powered distillation
desalination using large scale plants using a low technology intensive system
His system is 100% powered by the sun but is an example of passive distillation
Solar Powered Desalination
Current Desalination Research Examples El-Nashar is a researcher in the UAE working on
a solar assisted vacuum freezing ejector adsorption system with a million gallon a day capacity
This is an example of a system in which solar power can only supply a portion of the energy requirements needed.
Solar Powered Desalination
Looking Towards The Future Due to the impending global water scarcity crisis,
many human rights organizations are funding research on desalination in order to provide people with adequate drinking water.
Everyone need waterhttp://news.bbc.co.uk
top related