status of potato in dr congo
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STATUS OF POTATO STATUS OF POTATO VARIETY DEVELOPMENT VARIETY DEVELOPMENT AND SEED PRODUCTION AND SEED PRODUCTION
IN DR CONGOIN DR CONGO
IntroductionIntroduction
• Production zones: – highlands in eastern part of
country• Province Orientale
• Nord kivu
• Sud Kivu
• Katanga
– Western part of country• Bandundu
• Bas-Congo
Climatic conditionsClimatic conditions
Provinces Altitudes
(m)
Seasons
(planting)
Rainfall
(mm)
T˚ C
Nord Kivu 2000-2500 Oct.-Nov.
Febr., Apr.
1300-1800 14-16
Sud Kivu 1700-2300 Sept.-Oct.
March-Apr.
1200-1800 19-21
Katanga 1700-2000 Nov.-Febr. 1000-1600 18-19
Orientale 1700-1800 April
October
1100-1500 17-19
Variety evaluation, selection and release processVariety evaluation, selection and release process
I INTRODUCTORY PLOTS: In the research station; 1-5 tubers/clone/plot; no replication; 1 season.
II SELECTION PLOTS : In the research station; 5-10 tubers/clone/plot; 2-3 replications; local check is incorporated; 1 season.
III VARIETY TRIALS : in the station; 10-20 tubers/clone/plot; 3-4 replications; 2 seasons.
IV MULTILOCATIONAL : 4-6 locations through growing potato zones; TRIALS 10-15 tubers/clone/plot; 3 replications; 2 seasons
V ON-FARM TRIALS : In the farmers’ fields; 10-20 tubers/clone /farmer; 4-6 farmers by localities; each farmer is considered as a replication/location; 2 seasons.
VI RELEASE
Release requirementsRelease requirements
• High yield• Resistance/Tolerance to LB, BW, VIRUSES• Tuber characteristics:
– Skin color: pink, red, white– Shape : oblong, ovate, round, elliptic– dormancy:short(2 months), medium(3 months)
• Maturity: early(3 months), medium(3½ months)• Culinary qualities:consistency,mealy
Data collectionData collection
• In the steps I and II of evaluation, i.e. introductory plots and selection plots, especially for tuber families, attention is paid to :- plant height(score:1-5), 1=low; 5=high- Blooming(score:0-5), 0=absent;5=abundant- Vigor(score:1-9), 1=very weak; 9= very vigorous- Maturity(1-7), 1=late; 7=very early- Tuber characteristics: shape, skin color, eye deph
Data collection (cont’d)Data collection (cont’d)
• In the steps III, IV and V, the following data are collected:– Vigor(1-9)– Maturity(1-7)– Late blight(0-100):0=0%of leaves attacked;
100=100% of leaves destroyed– Yield and its components
Variety characteristics considered Variety characteristics considered by farmers and consumers for by farmers and consumers for
adoptionadoption• Farmers:
– High yield– Resistance/tolerance to diseases(LB,BW)– Earliness– Short dormancy– Good taste
• Consumers:– Size and shape– Skin color– Culinary qualities
Seed production schemesSeed production schemes
• There is no formal potato seed system in DR Congo yet.
• Nevertheless, INERA is the only national institution involved in pre-basic and basic seed production.
• There are some development projects,NGO’s and progressive farmers who are involved in potato seed production.
Seed production (cont’d)Seed production (cont’d)
• As there is no an elaborate seed certification program, INERA uses rigorously simples techniques of positive and negative selection to keep seed stocks in a healthy and highly productive state year after year.
• Seed growers apply the same techniques in their seed potato production plots.
Available facilities and staff in the Available facilities and staff in the potato programpotato program
• Facilities:– 1 computer– 1 vehicle– 2 diffused light stores– 2 motorcycles
• Staff:– 1 M.Sc. (Agronomist/Breeder)– 2 Ing.Agr.(A0 ,Post harvest/Food scientist)– 2 B.Sc.(A1 )– 2 Technicians(Diploma)
Potato varieties, their Potato varieties, their characteristicscharacteristics
Variety Clone
Nber
Skin color
Eye deph Vegetative cycle(days)
LB resistance
BW resistance
Resistance-Virus
Storability
Montsama
720049 Red Shallow to Medium
90-105 Moderate Susceptible Susceptible(PLRV)
Good
Sangema 800949 Pink Medium 100-115 Moderate Susceptible Susceptible Good
Enfula 380606.6 Pink Medium 90-105 Tolerant Susceptible Good
Mabondo R-8212-6 Red-White
Shallow to Medium
120-130 Resistant Tolerant Tolerant Good
Gahinga 720097 Red Medium 120-130 Tolerant to resistant
Susceptible Resistant Good
Nsimire 382171.4 White Shallow 100 Tolerant Tolerant Good
Cruza 148 720118 Yellow/pur
Ple eyes
Shallow 110-130 Tolerant Tolerant Susceptible Good
Murhula 386022.2 White Medium 90-105 Tolerant Susceptible Fair
Kinja 381381.20 Red Medium 90-105 Moderate Tolerant Good
Marita White Shallow to medium
90-105 Tolerant Tolerant Good
Seseni 800954 White Medium > 120 tolerant Susceptible Susceptible Good
Methods used for variety Methods used for variety maintenancemaintenance
• Germoplasme multiplication in the field year after year.
• Protection against pests by spraying.
• Application of positive selection.
Sources of seed planted by seed Sources of seed planted by seed multipliers multipliers
• Research stations.
• Own stocks
• NGOs
• Other producers
Seed storageSeed storage
Diffused light store at Mulungu Center
Seed storage (cont’d)Seed storage (cont’d)
Farmer’s diffused light store
Methods used to break seed Methods used to break seed dormancydormancy
Pit in which seed potatoes are buried to break dormancy
Bottlenecks in seed production and Bottlenecks in seed production and disseminationdissemination
• Political turmoil
• Lack of tissue culture lab and screenhouse.
• Lack of seed potato formal system
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