status update for the albany hts cable project€¦ · 2008 us doe peer review – july 29-31, 2008...
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SuperPower, Inc. is a subsidiary of Royal Philips Electronics N.V.
Status Update for the Albany HTS Cable ProjectChuck Weber (SuperPower), Hiroyasu Yumura (Sumitomo)Superconductivity for Electric SystemsU. S. Department of Energy Annual Peer ReviewJuly 30, 2008
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Outline
• Program Outline & Objectives
• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results
• FY09 Milestones
• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Program Overview– 350m long - 34.5kV - 800Arms - 48MVA– Cold dielectric, 3 phases-in-1 cryostat, stranded copper core design– Two Phases – Phase I - 320m + 30m BSCCO
– Phase II - 30m BSCCO replaced by 30m YBCO cable
Project Manager; Site infrastructure, Manufacture of 2G HTS wire
Host utility, conventional cable & system protection, system impact studies
Design, build, install, and test the HTS cable, terminations, & joint
Design, construct and operate the Cryogenic Refrigeration System, and provide overall cable remote monitoring and utility interface
Supported by Federal (DOE) and NY State (NYSERDA) Funds
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Site Location
Phase II: 30m YBCO
Phase I: BSCCO
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
System Protection Philosophy
• Worst case fault conditions – 23 kA rms (33 kA peak)• Multiple levels of relay & breaker protection
– Primary - RFL-9300 charge comparison relays (87L) – 8 cycle clearing time– Secondary - SEL-311B relay packages – 8 – 38 cycle clearing time
• Breaker failure protection– Will initiate fault clearing by tripping breakers on associated Menands or Riverside 34.5kV bus– cleared in 20 to 50 cycles (0.33 to 0.83 sec)
• System monitoring @– BOC Remote Operating Center– NM Eastern Regional Control Center
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Advantages of the 3-in-One CableDesign
• Compact size (O.D. = 135mm) (5.3”)
• Nearly perfect magnetic shielding
– > 95% cancellation of field
• Significant reduction of contraction forces due to ‘slack’ winding
• Excellent fault current protection
– Cable remains superconducting at worst case fault condition, survives extended duration (2nd
contingency) fault without damage
Albany HTS Cable Design
HTS Conductor(2-layer)
HTS Shield(1-layer)
Cu Shield
135 mm35 mm
Electrical Insulation(PPLP +Liquid Nitrigen)
Cu Stranded Former
Tension Member
Stainless Steel Double Corrugated
Cryostat
HTS Conductor(2-layer)
HTS Shield(1-layer)
Cu Shield
135 mm35 mm
Electrical Insulation(PPLP +Liquid Nitrigen)
Cu Stranded Former
Tension Member
Stainless Steel Double Corrugated
Cryostat
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Cryogenic Refrigeration System: Approach
Cryocooler
Thermosyphon
Liquid NitrogenStorage/buffer
Subcooled liquid nitrogen loop
HTS cable
Hybrid arrangement permits transparent use of bulk liquid nitrogen for back-up
Thermosyphon provides common heat exchange interface between cable and open or closed refrigeration sources
Advantages:- excellent reliability/cost ratio- compact footprint- flexible ‘plug & play’ design- good efficiency
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Outline
• Program Outline & Objectives
• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results
• FY09 Milestones
• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
FY 2008 Plans (from 2007 Peer Review)
• Complete installation and pre-commissioning testing of the YBCO/BSCCO cable
• Complete the cooldown process of the cable system and begin online operation of Phase II
• Monitor and operate the cable system throughout GFY08
Additional ItemsPush stakeholders to support longer term on-grid operation Continue promotion and technology transfer of HTS cable technologyContinue support for the HTS Cable Collaborative
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
BSCCO cable YBCO cable
HTS conductor 2 layers 3 layers
Former Stranded Cu wires with insulation (φ16 mm / 140 mm2)
Electric insulaton PPLP (thickness 4.5 mm)
HTS shield 1 layers 2 layers
Protection layer Copper tapes
Core outer diameter 35 mm 35 mm
Electric Insulation(PPLP + Liquid Nitrogen)
Stainless Steel DoubleCorrugated Cryostat
Cu ShieldSuperconducting Shield(2 Layers)
Superconductor(3 Layers)
135 mm
Cu StrandedWire Former
30 meter YBCO Cable
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Summary of 30 meter YBCO Cable Shipping Tests
• Manufacture of 30m YBCO cable completed in March 2007
Critical Current• Conductor : 2660 – 2820A (DC) at 77K• Shield : 2400 – 2500A (DC) at 77K
AC Loss• 0.34W/m/phase at 0.8kArms, 60Hz
Bending Test (18D: Bending Dia. = 2.4 m)• No Ic degradation• No defect was found at dismantling
Inspection
Voltage tests (Based on AEIC)AC 69kV for 10 minute, Imp ±200kV, 10 shots/eachDC 100kV for 5 minutes
The following shipping tests were conducted successfully on samples from long cable:
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current (A, DC)
Elec
trica
l Fie
ld(u
V/cm
)
Core-1Core-2Core-3
Ic Criterion (1uV/cm)
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current (A, DC)
Elec
trica
l Fie
ld(u
V/cm
)
Core-1Core-2Core-3
Ic Criterion (1uV/cm)
Sample: 3 meter 3-Core • Ic (Conductor) = Approx. 2660 – 2820A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm)• Ic (Shield) = Approx. 2400 – 2500A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm)
Conductor Shield
Very good match between test results and design values
YBCO Cable - Critical Current Measurement
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
1 Meter Cable Characterization (after removal)
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
I(Amperes)
V(uVolts)
Contact #2 R=32 uohms
Contact #1R = 6 uOhms
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
0 500 1000I(Amperes)
V(uV)
Contact resistance measurements were performed in the superconducting state T=75.5K
• The critical current of the inner layer with 12 strands of superconductor was measured at 75.5K in self field.
• Distance between voltage taps = ~75cm• Ic = 965Amperes @ 1μV/m• 1100A @ 1μV/cm
• Contact was made to 12 strands with single strand Ic(B=sf, 75K) ~ 92 amperes
*Data courtesy of Yates Coulter, LANL
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
100 1000 10000Loading Current (Arms, 60Hz)
AC
loss
(W/m
/pha
se)
Measured value
Sample : 2.5 meter single coreCurrent loading : go & return through conductor and shieldMeasuring : Lock-in amplifier with electrical 4 terminals
0.34 W/m/ph @ 800 ArmsSlightly better result than the
1 meter test sample core
AC Loss Measurement
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Replacement of 30 meter section with new YBCO cable[ 30m cable Installation ]
[ Joint Re-assemble(BSCCO-YBCO)]
[ Termination Re-assemble ]
World first’s HTS cable replacement is completed!
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Summary of Various Commissioning Tests at Phase-II
Test Items Test Results
System withstand pressure Test 0.61 MPaG (based on ASME code): good
Maximum core tension: approx. 1000kgTension minimized by “loosely stranded 3-core structure”
Vacuum level at each part: good (no leakage)Core behavior inside the joint: within the scope of Design
2.3kA (at 73K), 2.8kA (at 69K): Same Ic as Phase-I
350 m cable section (including joint): 1.0kWEntire cable system (not including CRS: 3.4kW
100 kV, 5 minutes, each phase (based on AEIC) : good
Initial cooling test
Ic measurement (dc, defined at 1uV/cm)
Heat loss measurement(under no-load condition)
DC withstand voltage test
HTS cable system successfully passed following commissioning tests:
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current [A, DC]
Elec
tric
Fiel
d [u
V/cm
]C ore-1
C ore-2
C ore-3
Ic critrion (1μV/cm )
C able M ean Tem p : 73K 69K
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[℃]
SouthTermination
6H10H
18H1D 1.5D
10.5D11.5D
3D
9D
10.7D 10.8D 10.9D
0H
NorthTermination
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Re-connecting with Live Network and Back in Service (Phase-II)• HTS Cable System re-connected with live network; back in service Jan. 8, 2008• HTS Cable System was operated successfully in unattended condition• Long-term Operation completed successfully end of April 2008
66
67
68
69
70
71
1/7 1/14 1/21 1/28 2/4 2/11 2/18 2/25 3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31
Date & Time
Tem
pera
ture
[K]
0
4
8
12
16
20
Tran
smitt
ed E
lect
ricity
[MVA
]
Energizedon Jan.8, 08
Cable Outlet Temperature
Cable Inlet Temperature
Transmitted Electricity
Completed End of April, 2008
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
65 70 75 80Temperature [K]
Cri
tica
l Cur
rent
[A, a
t 1u
V/c
m]
Short Sample Ic(1800A at 77.3K)
Ic-T characteristicsof DI-BSCCO
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
65 70 75 80Temperature [K]
Cri
tica
l Cur
rent
[A, a
t 1u
V/c
m]
Short Sample Ic(1800A at 77.3K)
Ic-T characteristicsof DI-BSCCO
Commissiong Test(320m+30m Cable)
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current [A]
Ele
ctri
cal F
ield
[uV
/cm
] Core-1Core-2Core-3
Ic criterion(1μV/cm)
73K69K
Variation of Critical Current from Phase-I through Phase-II
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Sample Test Phase-I(after cooldown)
Phase-I(after long-term
operation)
Phase-II(after cooldown)
Phase-II(after long-term
opearion)
Cri
tica
l Cur
rent
[Adc
, at
73K
]
Core-1Core-2Core-3
• The Ic of long cable are very good match with expected value from short sample testing at 77K.
• The Ic values had no change through Phase-I and Phase-II including heat- cycles.
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Variation of Temperature Difference on the Cable during Phases I & II
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
7/20 8/17 9/14 10/12 11/9 12/7 1/4 2/1 3/1 3/29 4/26
Date (2006-2007)
Tem
pera
ture
Def
eren
ce [K
]
0
4
8
12
16
20
Tran
smitt
ed E
lect
ricity
[MVA
]
Temperature Deference between Cable Outlet and Inlet
Transmitted Electricity
[ Phase-I ]
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1/7 1/21 2/4 2/18 3/3 3/17 3/31
Date (2008)Te
mpe
ratu
re D
efer
ence
[K]
0
4
8
12
16
20
Tran
smitt
ed E
lect
ricity
[MVA
]
Temperature Deference between Outlet and Inlet of Cable
Transmitted Electricity
[ Phase-II ]
• Temperature difference between outlet and inlet of the HTS cable was 0.9 +/- 0.1K• Temperature deference was very stable during the long-term In-grid operation in
Phase I and Phase II• Maintained good CRS operation and No change of cable heat loss during long-
term in-grid operation
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
FY 2008 Objectives
• Complete installation and pre-commissioning testing of the YBCO/BSCCO cable
– Installation and testing was completed in CY 07• Complete the cooldown process of the cable system and begin online
operation of Phase II– Cooldown completed and online operation began in Jan 08
• Monitor and operate the cable system throughout GFY08– Phase II operated without incident throughout the contract requirements
Additional ItemsX Push stakeholders to support longer term on-grid operation
Continue promotion and technology transfer of HTS cable technologyContinue support for the HTS Cable Collaborative
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Outline
• Program Outline & Objectives
• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results
• FY09 Milestones
• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
FY 2009 Plans
• Complete “economic assessment” and “grid stability” studies• Dismantle and remove all equipment• Send YBCO cable samples to LANL for evaluation• Submit final report and close out project
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Outline
• Program Outline & Objectives
• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results
• FY09 Milestones
• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Expertise within the ACP team enabled the successful execution against all
project goals. Where needed additional expertise was supplemented via
contractors or consultants.
• Additionally, this project also directly benefited from:
– (3) readiness review meetings
– Strong collaboration with the Nat’l Labs on:
• 2G wire development (LANL & ORNL)
• Examination & testing on cable sections (LANL)
• Technology transfer & education was achieved by conducting over (20)
tours/events and more than (50) presentations & articles given throughout the
program
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Outline
• Program Outline & Objectives
• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results
• FY09 Milestones
• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Presentation Summary
• World class team has successfully executed on all phases of the program– Met or exceeded all goals and objectives– Cable ran flawlessly for >12 months with ZERO instances of downtime due
to the HTS system– Efficient, reliable and robust design capable of handling ‘real-world’ utility
operating environment• ALL equipment/systems responded as designed without any adverse effects
– Biggest reliability concern (CRS) addressed & proven to meet commercial requirements
• Achieved World’s first in-grid demonstration of a YBCO device• Technology transfer & education achieved by numerous tours/events (>20) and
articles/presentations(>50) given throughout the program
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
The Bottom Line…
“Of importance to National Grid is that this project has demonstrated the reliability of the technology. We encountered no difficulties in integrating the project into our grid and the entire installation was totally transparent to our customers. The system has stood up to very exacting utility standards and we look forward to further developments in HTS technology.”
- William Flaherty,Energy Solutions Regional
Director of National Grid
2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008
Thank you!
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