status update for the albany hts cable project€¦ · 2008 us doe peer review – july 29-31, 2008...

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Status Update for the Albany HTS Cable ProjectChuck Weber (SuperPower), Hiroyasu Yumura (Sumitomo)Superconductivity for Electric SystemsU. S. Department of Energy Annual Peer ReviewJuly 30, 2008

2008 US DOE Peer Review – July 29-31, 2008

Presentation Outline

• Program Outline & Objectives

• FY2008 Accomplishments & Results

• FY09 Milestones

• Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships

• Summary


Program Overview– 350m long - 34.5kV - 800Arms - 48MVA– Cold dielectric, 3 phases-in-1 cryostat, stranded copper core design– Two Phases – Phase I - 320m + 30m BSCCO

– Phase II - 30m BSCCO replaced by 30m YBCO cable

Project Manager; Site infrastructure, Manufacture of 2G HTS wire

Host utility, conventional cable & system protection, system impact studies

Design, build, install, and test the HTS cable, terminations, & joint

Design, construct and operate the Cryogenic Refrigeration System, and provide overall cable remote monitoring and utility interface

Supported by Federal (DOE) and NY State (NYSERDA) Funds


Site Location

Phase II: 30m YBCO

Phase I: BSCCO


System Protection Philosophy

• Worst case fault conditions – 23 kA rms (33 kA peak)• Multiple levels of relay & breaker protection

– Primary - RFL-9300 charge comparison relays (87L) – 8 cycle clearing time– Secondary - SEL-311B relay packages – 8 – 38 cycle clearing time

• Breaker failure protection– Will initiate fault clearing by tripping breakers on associated Menands or Riverside 34.5kV bus– cleared in 20 to 50 cycles (0.33 to 0.83 sec)

• System monitoring @– BOC Remote Operating Center– NM Eastern Regional Control Center


Advantages of the 3-in-One CableDesign

• Compact size (O.D. = 135mm) (5.3”)

• Nearly perfect magnetic shielding

– > 95% cancellation of field

• Significant reduction of contraction forces due to ‘slack’ winding

• Excellent fault current protection

– Cable remains superconducting at worst case fault condition, survives extended duration (2nd

contingency) fault without damage

Albany HTS Cable Design

HTS Conductor（2-layer）

HTS Shield（1-layer）

Cu Shield

135 mm35 mm

Electrical Insulation（PPLP +Liquid Nitrigen）

Cu Stranded Former

Tension Member

Stainless Steel Double Corrugated

Cryostat

HTS Conductor（2-layer）

HTS Shield（1-layer）

Cu Shield

135 mm35 mm

Electrical Insulation（PPLP +Liquid Nitrigen）

Cu Stranded Former

Tension Member

Stainless Steel Double Corrugated

Cryostat


Cryogenic Refrigeration System: Approach

Cryocooler

Thermosyphon

Liquid NitrogenStorage/buffer

Subcooled liquid nitrogen loop

HTS cable

Hybrid arrangement permits transparent use of bulk liquid nitrogen for back-up

Thermosyphon provides common heat exchange interface between cable and open or closed refrigeration sources

Advantages:- excellent reliability/cost ratio- compact footprint- flexible ‘plug & play’ design- good efficiency





• FY09 Milestones


• Summary


FY 2008 Plans (from 2007 Peer Review)

• Complete installation and pre-commissioning testing of the YBCO/BSCCO cable

• Complete the cooldown process of the cable system and begin online operation of Phase II

• Monitor and operate the cable system throughout GFY08

Additional ItemsPush stakeholders to support longer term on-grid operation Continue promotion and technology transfer of HTS cable technologyContinue support for the HTS Cable Collaborative


BSCCO cable YBCO cable

HTS conductor 2 layers 3 layers

Former Stranded Cu wires with insulation （φ16 mm / 140 mm2）

Electric insulaton PPLP (thickness 4.5 mm)

HTS shield 1 layers 2 layers

Protection layer Copper tapes

Core outer diameter 35 mm 35 mm

Electric Insulation(PPLP + Liquid Nitrogen)

Stainless Steel DoubleCorrugated Cryostat

Cu ShieldSuperconducting Shield(2 Layers)

Superconductor(3 Layers)

135 mm

Cu StrandedWire Former

30 meter YBCO Cable


Summary of 30 meter YBCO Cable Shipping Tests

• Manufacture of 30m YBCO cable completed in March 2007

Critical Current• Conductor : 2660 – 2820A (DC) at 77K• Shield : 2400 – 2500A (DC) at 77K

AC Loss• 0.34W/m/phase at 0.8kArms, 60Hz

Bending Test (18D: Bending Dia. = 2.4 m)• No Ic degradation• No defect was found at dismantling

Inspection

Voltage tests (Based on AEIC)AC 69kV for 10 minute, Imp ±200kV, 10 shots/eachDC 100kV for 5 minutes

The following shipping tests were conducted successfully on samples from long cable:


-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current (A, DC)

Elec

trica

l Fie

ld(u

V/cm

)

Core-1Core-2Core-3

Ic Criterion (1uV/cm)

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current (A, DC)

Elec

trica

l Fie

ld(u

V/cm

)

Core-1Core-2Core-3

Ic Criterion (1uV/cm)

Sample: 3 meter 3-Core • Ic (Conductor) = Approx. 2660 – 2820A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm)• Ic (Shield) = Approx. 2400 – 2500A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm)

Conductor Shield

Very good match between test results and design values

YBCO Cable - Critical Current Measurement


1 Meter Cable Characterization (after removal)

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

I(Amperes)

V(uVolts)

Contact #2 R=32 uohms

Contact #1R = 6 uOhms

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

0 500 1000I(Amperes)

V(uV)

Contact resistance measurements were performed in the superconducting state T=75.5K

• The critical current of the inner layer with 12 strands of superconductor was measured at 75.5K in self field.

• Distance between voltage taps = ~75cm• Ic = 965Amperes @ 1μV/m• 1100A @ 1μV/cm

• Contact was made to 12 strands with single strand Ic(B=sf, 75K) ~ 92 amperes

*Data courtesy of Yates Coulter, LANL


0.001

0.01

0.1

1

100 1000 10000Loading Current (Arms, 60Hz)

AC

loss

(W/m

/pha

se)

Measured value

Sample : 2.5 meter single coreCurrent loading : go & return through conductor and shieldMeasuring : Lock-in amplifier with electrical 4 terminals

0.34 W/m/ph @ 800 ArmsSlightly better result than the

1 meter test sample core

AC Loss Measurement


Replacement of 30 meter section with new YBCO cable[ 30m cable Installation ]

[ Joint Re-assemble（BSCCO-YBCO）]

[ Termination Re-assemble ]

World first’s HTS cable replacement is completed!


Summary of Various Commissioning Tests at Phase-II

Test Items Test Results

System withstand pressure Test 0.61 MPaG (based on ASME code): good

Maximum core tension: approx. 1000kgTension minimized by “loosely stranded 3-core structure”

Vacuum level at each part: good (no leakage)Core behavior inside the joint: within the scope of Design

2.3kA (at 73K), 2.8kA (at 69K): Same Ic as Phase-I

350 m cable section (including joint): 1.0kWEntire cable system (not including CRS: 3.4kW

100 kV, 5 minutes, each phase (based on AEIC) : good

Initial cooling test

Ic measurement (dc, defined at 1uV/cm)

Heat loss measurement(under no-load condition)

DC withstand voltage test

HTS cable system successfully passed following commissioning tests:

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current [A, DC]

Elec

tric

Fiel

d [u

V/cm

]C ore-1

C ore-2

C ore-3

Ic critrion (1μV/cm )

C able M ean Tem p : 73K 69K

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Length [m]

Tem

pera

ture

[℃]

SouthTermination

6H10H

18H1D 1.5D

10.5D11.5D

3D

9D

10.7D 10.8D 10.9D

0H

NorthTermination

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350


Re-connecting with Live Network and Back in Service (Phase-II)• HTS Cable System re-connected with live network; back in service Jan. 8, 2008• HTS Cable System was operated successfully in unattended condition• Long-term Operation completed successfully end of April 2008

66

67

68

69

70

71

1/7 1/14 1/21 1/28 2/4 2/11 2/18 2/25 3/3 3/10 3/17 3/24 3/31

Date & Time

Tem

pera

ture

[K]

0

4

8

12

16

20

Tran

smitt

ed E

lect

ricity

[MVA

]

Energizedon Jan.8, 08

Cable Outlet Temperature

Cable Inlet Temperature

Transmitted Electricity

Completed End of April, 2008


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

65 70 75 80Temperature [K]

Cri

tica

l Cur

rent

[A, a

t 1u

V/c

m]

Short Sample Ic(1800A at 77.3K)

Ic-T characteristicsof DI-BSCCO

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

65 70 75 80Temperature [K]

Cri

tica

l Cur

rent

[A, a

t 1u

V/c

m]

Short Sample Ic(1800A at 77.3K)

Ic-T characteristicsof DI-BSCCO

Commissiong Test(320m+30m Cable)

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Current [A]

Ele

ctri

cal F

ield

[uV

/cm

] Core-1Core-2Core-3

Ic criterion（1μV/cm）

73K69K

Variation of Critical Current from Phase-I through Phase-II

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Sample Test Phase-I(after cooldown)

Phase-I(after long-term

operation)

Phase-II(after cooldown)

Phase-II(after long-term

opearion)

Cri

tica

l Cur

rent

[Adc

, at

73K

]

Core-1Core-2Core-3

• The Ic of long cable are very good match with expected value from short sample testing at 77K.

• The Ic values had no change through Phase-I and Phase-II including heat- cycles.


Variation of Temperature Difference on the Cable during Phases I & II

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

7/20 8/17 9/14 10/12 11/9 12/7 1/4 2/1 3/1 3/29 4/26

Date (2006-2007)

Tem

pera

ture

Def

eren

ce [K

]

0

4

8

12

16

20

Tran

smitt

ed E

lect

ricity

[MVA

]

Temperature Deference between Cable Outlet and Inlet


[ Phase-I ]

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1/7 1/21 2/4 2/18 3/3 3/17 3/31

Date (2008)Te

mpe

ratu

re D

efer

ence

[K]

0

4

8

12

16

20

Tran

smitt

ed E

lect

ricity

[MVA

]

Temperature Deference between Outlet and Inlet of Cable


[ Phase-II ]

• Temperature difference between outlet and inlet of the HTS cable was 0.9 +/- 0.1K• Temperature deference was very stable during the long-term In-grid operation in

Phase I and Phase II• Maintained good CRS operation and No change of cable heat loss during long-

term in-grid operation


FY 2008 Objectives

• Complete installation and pre-commissioning testing of the YBCO/BSCCO cable

– Installation and testing was completed in CY 07• Complete the cooldown process of the cable system and begin online

operation of Phase II– Cooldown completed and online operation began in Jan 08

• Monitor and operate the cable system throughout GFY08– Phase II operated without incident throughout the contract requirements

Additional ItemsX Push stakeholders to support longer term on-grid operation

Continue promotion and technology transfer of HTS cable technologyContinue support for the HTS Cable Collaborative





• FY09 Milestones


• Summary


FY 2009 Plans

• Complete “economic assessment” and “grid stability” studies• Dismantle and remove all equipment• Send YBCO cable samples to LANL for evaluation• Submit final report and close out project





• FY09 Milestones


• Summary


Technology Transfer, Collaborations & Partnerships

• Expertise within the ACP team enabled the successful execution against all

project goals. Where needed additional expertise was supplemented via

contractors or consultants.

• Additionally, this project also directly benefited from:

– (3) readiness review meetings

– Strong collaboration with the Nat’l Labs on:

• 2G wire development (LANL & ORNL)

• Examination & testing on cable sections (LANL)

• Technology transfer & education was achieved by conducting over (20)

tours/events and more than (50) presentations & articles given throughout the

program





• FY09 Milestones


• Summary


Presentation Summary

• World class team has successfully executed on all phases of the program– Met or exceeded all goals and objectives– Cable ran flawlessly for >12 months with ZERO instances of downtime due

to the HTS system– Efficient, reliable and robust design capable of handling ‘real-world’ utility

operating environment• ALL equipment/systems responded as designed without any adverse effects

– Biggest reliability concern (CRS) addressed & proven to meet commercial requirements

• Achieved World’s first in-grid demonstration of a YBCO device• Technology transfer & education achieved by numerous tours/events (>20) and

articles/presentations(>50) given throughout the program


The Bottom Line…

“Of importance to National Grid is that this project has demonstrated the reliability of the technology. We encountered no difficulties in integrating the project into our grid and the entire installation was totally transparent to our customers. The system has stood up to very exacting utility standards and we look forward to further developments in HTS technology.”

- William Flaherty,Energy Solutions Regional

Director of National Grid


Thank you!

status update for the albany hts cable project€¦ · 2008 us doe peer review – july 29-31, 2008...

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