strategies 2012 lid/gi resolution complimenary goals ... · identification of barriers to adoption...
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STRATEGIES •Plan and design to mimic natural hydrology •Preserve, enhance, and make resilient habitat
BENEFITS •UHI •Energy •Carbon •Air •Soils •Aesthetic •Economic Savings •Property Values •Corridor Connectivity •Flood Reduction •Reduced Irrigation
Encourages GI/LID where affordable and feasible
•Projects •Incentives and Choices •Technical Guidance
•Regional and Intra-Jurisdictional Coordination
COMPLIMENARY GOALS •Transportation planning •Job and economic growth •Health and safety in living street •Stormwater quality regulations •Water resource •Climate change weather resiliency PROGRESS/SUPPORT •EPA Guidance •RWH Ordinances •Public and private support •Bike Friendly Award •LID Workshop, Conference •Research
2012 LID/GI Resolution
Making the Business Case For Green Infrastructure
Irene Ogata, PLA, ASLA Urban Landscape Manager
Office of Integrated Planning
Evan Canfield, Ph.D, P.E. Civil Engineer Manager
Pima County Regional Flood Control
EPAC Pima Association of Governments
1 East Broadway, Ste. 405 September 5, 2014
Mead Mier Watershed Planning Lead
Pima Association of Governments
Outline of Presentation
• Evan: GI/LID Working Group • Regional collaboration on GI/LID Working Group
• Case Study Catalog
• Revised Stormwater Manual • GI/LID Guidance Manual
• EPA Technical Grant
• Irene: GI/LID Policies and Programs • COT TDOT Green Street Active Practice Guidelines
• 10,000 Trees Campaign
• Irene & Evan: Business Case GI/LID
• Mead: Discussion • Additional economic information • PAG GI Tool and outreach
2
Workshop Summary of Focus Areas
•DEVELOP A VISION
•EDUCATE/TRAIN
•RESEARCH EFFECTIVENESS
• IDENTIFY POLICY NEEDS
•DEVELOP PROJECT GUIDANCE
4
5
Joint Effort: LID Working Group Members First Meeting April 2011
5
Public: Pima Co.
Professional/Trade Non-Profit/Other
Regional Flood Control District
Office of Conservation & Sustainable Development
Development Services Dept.
Dept. of. Transportation
Dept. of Transportation: Stormwater Division
Education: Univ. of Arizona
Environmental Research Lab
Drachman Institute
Biosphere 2
Facilities
Wheat Scharf & Assoc.
Watershed Management Group
. Public: City of Tucson
Public: Other
Pima Association of Governments
Town of Oro Valley
Town of Marana
Water Research Resource Center
6
Working Group Priorities (08/22/2011)
6
Product Total
LID Site Design BMP Guidance 7
Manual providing examples of successful (and unsuccessful) projects (or BMPs?) 6 Identification of Barriers to Adoption of LID 3
A Set of Performance Metrics/Indicators 3
Develop LID Education Materials 2
Annual Conference 1.5
LID Roadway Design Manual 1
A BMP Maintenance Manual 1
Contact List 1
Processes
Recognize Accomplishments 1
Develop an LID Policy 1
On-going Coordination 2
Areas of Interest (not mentioned above)
Influence Policy 2
Write Grants/ seek funding 1
Do applied Research/Demonstration Projects to support LID 1
8
Case Studies: Low Impact Development Green Infrastructure
Case Study layout/template by Sandy Bolduc, RLA Pima County Regional Flood Control District
The Manual Update and LID Policy
•Adopted for regional use
•First-flush Retention • ½” rainfall near runoff source
•LID Design Standards •Provides methodology to calculate flood
control benefit of water harvesting
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 11
14
Water Resource & UHI Mitigation: Green Streets APG
Original Buckets of water Graphics: Fernando Molina, Tucson Water;
modified for this presentation
Mountains
Renewable Water Supplies
Groundwater Recharge
Reclaimed Water
Water Utility
Surface Water Allocation (Salt, Verde, Colorado)
Recycled Water
“Other” Water Supplies
9%
10%
12%
1% 2%
14%
26%
to
45%
7%
Outdoor
Toilet
Shower
Faucet
Clotheswasher
Dishwasher
Leaks
Other
Phoenix 2011 Water Resource Plan: 45% outdoor water use
Streets
Roadways & Storm Drains
Incorporating The Case of Climate Change
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20
13 I
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te o
f E
nvi
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“Heat stress, a recurrent health problem for urban residents, has been the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States since 1986. . . – and the highest rates nationally are found in Arizona.
Chapter 15. Human Health Coordinating Lead Authors: Heidi Brown (Univ. of AZ); Andrew C. Comrie (Univ. of AZ); Deborah M Dreschsler (CA Air Resources Board)
Garfin, G., G.Franco, H. Blanco, A.Comrie, P.Gonzalez, T.Piechota, R.Smyth, and R.Waskom, 2014: Ch. 20: Southwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J.M.Melillo, Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G.W.Yohe, Eds, U.S. Global Change Research Programs .
COT DOT: Green Streets Active Practice Guidelines (APG)
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• Green Street Practices not new • TDOT has been constructing water
harvesting/stormwater capture features prior to APG
1998: installation: Alvernon/29th St median captures onsite rainwater
1928-41: Colonia Solana Residential Development; residential property along Randolph Way captures stormwater 2014: 100% Design Construction Plans for Silverbell Rd
• 2013 TDOT Green Streets Active Practice Guidelines • Official Policy – given to consultants
working on roadway designs
17
Mayor Rothschild’s 10,000 Trees Campaign •Plant Shade Trees to mitigate UHI
•If possible – target neighborhoods with less than 3% canopy
•Collaborate with •Businesses •Neighborhoods •Schools •Non-profits
•Over 9,600 Trees planted (June 2014)
10,000 Trees Campaign
July 22, 2012 Footer text here 18
Collaborations: Program, Initiative, Projects Trees for Tucson
Katie Gannon
Joan Lionetti
Tucson Electric Power
Larry Robinson
Jim Bennett
Businesses
Tucson Realtors Assoc.
Chapman Tucson
Watershed Management Group
Catlow Shipek
University of Arizona
Dr. Eve Halper
City of Tucson
Mayor Rothschild, Mayor’s office
James MacAdam, OIP (formerly with the Mayor’s Office)
Gary Wittwer, TDOT
Peg Weber, P&R
Fernando Molina, TW
Irene Ogata, OIP
Amy Stabler, Ward 6 Aide
Professional Input
John Wise, Stantec
Laura Mielcarek, Wheat Design Group
Pima Association of Governments
Mead Meir
Josh Pope
20
The Business Case: Developers
• Impact Infrastructure, LLC • CEO was Chair of Institute for Sustainable
Infrastructure (ISI) Envision, Economics Committee
• Partners are: • Engineers
• Economist
• Developed both • Business Case Evaluator (BCE) and
• AutoCASE
• Premise: Infrastructure decision process • Some economic values & impacts ignored
• Custom economic analysis can be costly
Envision: Linking Sustainable Infrastructure with Economics
• Business Case Evaluator module • Aid decision-making process
• Economic matrix (i.e., risks, stakeholders, social, environmental, costs)
• Universal industry standards
• Includes government mandated regional & national data
• Can be used at various stages of a project, from initial conceptual design stage to points when change orders need to occur
21
The Business Case: BCE & AutoCASE
• BCE is excel format, free, available on-line • Developed in conjunction with Institute for Sustainable
Infrastructure Envision, Economics Committee
• AutoCASE is a commercial software • Stormwater module set for release in August
• Transportation (Roads and Bridges) target release in early 2015 (?)
22
The Business Case: BCE & AutoCASE
• Direct Financial Net Present Value (NPV) • Direct costs – cash inflow and outflow
• Benefits: capital expenditures, revenues, other
• Does not include: air pollution, carbon emissions, water quality, other
Example of the probability curve output of a project
Steep curve: Lower Risk Stretched curve:
Higher Risk
Difference: net societal benefits (externalities)
Graph & Infromation: Impact Infrustructure, LLC; AutoCASE presentation Pima County, 7-15-2014
• Sustainable Return on Investment (SROI) • Incorporates impacts including local:
• Economy
• Society
• Environment
23
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
• Cost Benefit Analysis for elements in Manual • 8 GI features evaluated
• 2 sites with clustered GI features • Small Commercial site
• Roadway section
• AutoCASE can be utilized as plug-in to Audesk’s Civil3D CADD
• Data input • Project specific
• Local data used when available
Collaborative Effort: AutoCASE Review Team
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Public: Pima County
Professional/Trade
Regional Flood Control District Office of Conservation & Sustainable Development
Dept. of Transportation: Stormwater Division
Education: Univ. of Arizona
Water Research Resource Center
. Public: City of Tucson Public: Other
Pima Association of Governments
25
AutoCASETM decision support suite:
Design for maximum overall benefit as defined by the Sustainable Return On Investment (financial, social and environmental)
Ability to run business cases on alternative green infrastructure stormwater designs testing whether the overall benefits exceed the costs – adjusted for risk.
The economic analysis will be used to determine which GI features give the greatest benefits in Tucson and how they can be used to comply with:
• Commercial rainwater harvesting ordinance
• Green streets guidelines
Values the (1) costs, (2) benefits and (3) risks of infrastructure projects
Provides different stakeholder's perspectives of value
Can be used throughout the planning and design phases
Slide: John Wise – Urban Heat Island presentation 5-8-2014 based on Impact Infrustructure, LLC information
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
Review of
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The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
• GI/LID Practices Evaluated • 8 GI features evaluated
• Commercial with clustered GI features • Porous paving
• Cistern
• Water harvesting basins
• Extended Detention
• Bio Retention Basin
• Water Harvesting Basins • Bio Retention Basin • Xeriscape Swale • Cistern • Infiltration Trench
• Detention Basins (or Extended Detention Basin • Pervious Pavers • Curb Extentions (chicanes, medians, traffic
circles and road diets with inlets to collect stormwater
• Roadway section with clustered GI features • Infiltration Trenches
• Water Harvesting Basins
• Curb extensions
• Trees
27
Graph: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE final report 7-2014
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
Graph of 8 elements
• Highest Beneficial GI features • Water Harvesting Basin / Infiltration
Basin
• Xeriscape Swale
• Infiltration trench
• Not as cost Beneficial GI features
• Pervious Pavers/Porous Pavement
• Cistern
• Biorention
29
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
Graph: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE final report 7-2014
• Added GI/LID features to commercial site & road re-design provide net benefits to the Tucson Region
• Largest benefits: • Heat related mortality • Traffic calming • Flooding • Reduced water costs • Air pollution
30
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
Graph: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE final report 7-2014
• Commercial Site Benefits • Heat related mortality largest benefit
• Air pollution: CO, SO2, NO2, PM, O3
• CO2
• Stakeholders • Government: lower water irrigation water, higher economic
activity, reduced heat mortality, lower health costs (lower air pollution)
• Community: lower mortality; better health
• Environment: reduced pollution; reduced carbon emissions
31
Graph: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE final report 7-2014
The Business Case: AutoCASE Stormwater Beta Testing
• Road Re-design Benefits • Largest benefit: (a) reduced accidents, (b) heat-
related mortality, (c) reduced water use (financial + social costs)
• Value of Statiscal Life: range $5-13 million, median of $9.1 million (US DOT 2014 Guidance
• Stakeholders • Public works project: user (driver) does not get as much value as
community, government or business • Community: (a) reduced risk of water shortages, (c) reduced water
use (financial + social costs) • Economics (a) reduced social cost of water; (b) increase economic
activity due to accident reduction • Government: (a) reduced heat mortality; (b) decreased flooding
risk; (c) reduced carbon + air pollution
32
Value of Statistical Life
The VSL is NOT the value of an actual life.
It is the value placed on changes in the likelihood of death,
Not the price someone would pay to avoid certain death.
Empirical studies published in recent years indicate a VSL of $9.1 million (2012 $).
• Low and high values of $5.2 million and $12.9 million are also used.
Definition: the value that an individual places on a marginal change in their likelihood of death.
Information: Impact Infrustructure, LLC AutoCASE Pima County GI/LID Working Group presentation 7-15-2014
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Support Planning and Implementation
GI Prioritization Mapping Tool- Ongoing Development Identify Opportunities and Assess Vulnerabilities: -Exposure to Urban Heat Island -Access to Canopy -Vulnerability Demographics - Opportunities for LID Next Up: -flow paths -bus stops -pervious surface -curbs -bike boulevards -pedestrian generators Applications- -CoT 10,000 Trees -Trees for Tucson outreach focus -Conserve to Enhance grants -NHA and School Education
Other Economic Considerations Ecotourism- Birding, Biking, Parks
• GI on site Enhances Business Sales
• Property Values
• Job Creation
• Impact Investment
• Healing Spaces- Esther M. Sternberg
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Presentation summary • What is GI/LID?
• Benefits of GI/LID
• Recent Collaboration with Public & Private Sector
• Tucson Case Studies
• A Stronger Resolution
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
What is GI/LID? Green Infrastructure (GI)- Watershed Management Group, “Green Infrastructure
consists of constructed features that use living, natural systems to provide
environmental services, such as capturing, cleaning and infiltrating stormwater;
creating wildlife habitat; shading and cooling streets and buildings; and calming
traffic.”
Low Impact Development (LID)- EPA, “LID is an approach to land development
(or redevelopment) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to the
source as possible. Includes such features as bioretention facilities, vegetated
rooftops, rain barrels, and permeable pavements.”
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Benefits of GI/LID projects
Quantitative Value-
• Reduces run-off and therefore increased infiltration on site
• Mitigates stormwater flooding problems
• Improved air quality and soils
• GI/LID features can increase property value
Qualitative Value/soft costs-
• “Sense of place”
• Looks better than grey infrastructure
• Increases project sustainability goals
• Creates healthier urban environments
• Increase recreational opportunities
• GI/LID increase stakeholder and resident support
• GI/LID features are a highly visible community investment
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Our Recent Collaboration with Agencies, non-profits, and Private Sector:
• LID Working Group Case Studies Catalog
• 2012 LID Conference in Tucson (field trip, poster session)
• 2014 UHI Workshop
• Mayor’s 10,000 Trees Initiative
• COT Greens Streets Policy
Important to have all three at the table.
Great collaboration. We support each other.
We all have the same goal.
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Scott Avenue Project Goals:
• Create a safer, more pedestrian-friendly and inviting “strolling street” for both
day and night linking the Modern Streetcar to parking garages and
cultural/historic landmarks along Scott Avenue
• Needed to function for both existing businesses and future development
• Successful consensus with stakeholders; got early buy-in
• Implement Green Infrastructure strategies
• City wanted it to become a water harvesting template for future projects
Scott Avenue
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Green Infrastructure Strategies:
• Narrowed roadway section to 11’
• Provided more space for wider sidewalks and landscape areas= Heat Island
Mitigation
• Water harvesting/stormwater mitigation; curb cuts to recessed planting areas
• Signature Sonoran desert plant species
• Salvaged existing sidewalk reused as granite cover in planting areas
• Pedestrian amenities: Bicycle racks, trash/recycling receptacles, drinking fountain
(separate pet bowl)
• Light poles were reduced in height to 16’ to illuminate faces; LED white light for
good color rendition
• Different soil amendments for northern and southern portions of project=
Healthier soils
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Narrowed roadway section= More space for bicyclists and pedestrians.
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Narrowed roadway section= Larger landscape areas= More shade for pedestrians!
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Pedestrian Amenities:
Bicycle Racks, trash receptacles, drinking fountain, benches, including
continuation of the historic “Presidio Trail” with solar-powered paver
lights
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Energy efficient street and pedestrian lighting fitted with white lighting
for better color rendition; poles reduced to 16’; solar lighting on
Gateway Feature.
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Scott Avenue…
A great “strolling street” for Downtown Tucson.
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
St. Mary’s Road (I-10 to Church Avenue)
Green Infrastructure strategies:
• Sonoran plant species
• Soil moisture sensors
• Approx 85% of existing site concrete (sidewalks, curbs, driveways) was salvaged
for re-use on site as check dams, scupper armor, seat walls, and a component of
the inert ground cover; no additional cost
• Microbasins and swales for water harvesting
• Planted over 100 trees (contributed to Mayor’s 10,000 Trees Initiative)
• Sustainable GI/LID feature and provides a good public perception; adjacent
neighborhoods are very pleased with the project aesthetic
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Sustainability Checklists: 1. Site Salvaged Materials (sidewalks, brick pavers, curbs, fence)
2. Preserve-in-Place Plant Materials
3. Use of Regional Materials (Boulders, rip rap, screened rock- extraction is no more
than 75 miles away)
Plants were grown in nursery only 15 miles away.
4. Manage Stormwater for On-Site Detention/Infiltration (Scuppers, swales,
microbasins, recessed planting areas, check dams, pervious concrete)
5. Reduce Potable water use for landscape irrigation. (low-water demand vegetation,
soil moisture sensors)
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
Highland Vista Park • GI/LID features- Berms, swales, check dams for water stormwater mitigation
• Reduced mosquito problem in the neighborhood
• Walking paths, benches, native vegetation, signage
• Other intangible enhancements: Provides a "sense of place", community pride,
passive recreation
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
U of A Residence Halls
Flowing Wells Library GI/LID features- Check dams, swales,
microbasins for water harvesting.
Detention basin provides open space, wildlife
habitat, and it’s also aesthetically-pleasing.
I-10 Prince TI Swales & recessed planting areas- First
time ADOT incorporated water harvesting
along I-10 in the Tucson area
GI/LID Road Map- From Policy, to Design, to Implementation
A Stronger Resolution: • Build a stronger commitment of GI/LID- not just fpr
transportation projects but all land development projects (private
& public)
• Get the stakeholders involved in the beginning of the project
Identified Issues:
• Maintenance
• Funding
• Incentives
• Monitoring
• Signage for Demonstration Sites
• Redevelopment
• Regional Adoption of Guidance
• Connection to Complete Streets
• Keep SW in Supply discussion
Actions:
• GI Joint Workshop/Forum
• EPAC Recommendations
STRATEGIES •Plan and design to mimic natural hydrology •Preserve, enhance, and make resilient habitat
BENEFITS •UHI •Energy •Carbon •Air •Soils •Aesthetic •Economic Savings •Property Values •Corridor Connectivity •Flood Reduction •Reduced Irrigation
Encourages GI/LID where affordable and feasible
•Projects •Incentives and Choices
•Technical Guidance •Regional and Intra-Jurisdictional Coordination
COMPLIMENARY GOALS •Transportation planning •Job and economic growth •Health and safety in living street •Stormwater quality regulations •Water resource •Climate change weather resiliency PROGRESS/SUPPORT •EPA Guidance •RWH Ordinances •Public and private support •Bike Friendly Award •LID Workshop, & Conference •Research
2012 LID/GI Resolution
Irene Ogata, PLA, ASLA, AzAPA irene.ogata@tucsonaz.gov COT Office of Integrated Planning
AutoCASETM Beta Testing Project: Evaluation of GI/LID Benefits in the Pima County Environment: http://webcms.pima.gov/UserFiles/Servers/Server_6/File/Government/Flood%20Control/Floodplain%20Management/Low%20Impact%20Development/autocase-testing-final-report-20140711.pdf Business Case Evaluator for Stormwater Management Website: http://impactinfrastructurellc.com/blog/?p=233 Economic Companion Tools to Envision (BCE; Manual; BCE Example) – ISI Website: https://sustainableinfrastructure.org/downloads/index.cfm Pima County LID Working Group Website: http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263 http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=65263
Evan Canfield, Ph.D, P.E. evan.canfield@pima.gov Pima Co. Regional Flood Control Dist.
Mead Mier, mmier@pagnet.org Pima Assoc. of Governments
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