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Mr.  Bartoloma

You

The  Subjunctive  Mood

Welcome  to  the  real  world.

What  is  the  Subjunctive?

The  subjunctive  is  a  MOOD.  Like  other  moods,  subjunctive  verbs  have    

person,  number,  tense,  and  voice.

Indicative:

Imperative:

Infinitive:

Participle:

Subjunctive:  Hypothetical  /  everything  else

Factual  statements

 Direct  commands

 verbal  noun

 verbal  adjective

What  are  the  uses  of  the  subjunctive?

Split  into  two  categories:

Independent    (Main  Verb)

Dependent    (Clause)

•Hortatory  •Jussive  •Negative  Commands  •Potential  •Optative

Purpose  Clauses  Result  Clauses  

Indirect  Commands  Indirect  Questions  

Fear  Clauses  Cum  Clauses

The  Matrix  vs.  The  Real  World

Life  WITHOUT  the  Subjunctive  (The  Matrix)

Life  WITH  the  Subjunctive  

(The  Real  World)

I  am  going  to  the  store.I  am  going  to  the  store

in  order  to  buy  groceries.

We  are  going. Let’s  go!

Yo  momma  is  so  fat.Yo  momma  is  so  fat  that  

when  she  goes  to  Rome,  it  has  8  hills!

Worksheet  40:  Subjunctive  Rules

There  are  four  tenses  of  the  subjunctive:

Since  the  subjunctive  deals  with  what  might  or  could  happen,  there  are  no  future  tenses!

Present  Imperfect  Perfect  

Pluperfect

Present  Subjunctive“The  Vowel  Shifter”

The  key  change  in  the  present  subjunctive  is  the  vowel  shift.    Each  conjugation  changes  its  

thematic  vowel  in  a  particular  way:

Remember:  “ShE  wEArs  A  dIAmond  tIAra.”

1st 2nd 3rd 3rd  -­‐io 4th

-­‐e -­‐ea -­‐a -­‐ia -­‐ia

Present  SubjunctiveOnce  the  vowel  has  shifted,  use  these  

endings:

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐m -­‐mus

2nd -­‐s -­‐tis

3rd -­‐t -­‐nt

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐r -­‐mur

2nd -­‐ris -­‐mini

3rd -­‐tur -­‐ntur

Active Passive

Present  Subjunctive  Active

Present 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amem2nd  sg. amēs3rd  sg. amet1st  pl. amēmus2nd  pl. amētis3rd  pl. ament

Present  Subjunctive  Active

Present 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. moneam2nd  sg. moneās3rd  sg. moneat1st  pl. moneāmus2nd  pl. moneātis3rd  pl. moneant

Present  Subjunctive  Active

Present 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. legam2nd  sg. legās3rd  sg. legat1st  pl. legāmus2nd  pl. legātis3rd  pl. legant

Present  Subjunctive  Active

Present 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. capiam2nd  sg. capiās3rd  sg. capiat1st  pl. capiāmus2nd  pl. capiātis3rd  pl. capiant

Present  Subjunctive  Active

Present 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audiam2nd  sg. audiās3rd  sg. audiat1st  pl. audiāmus2nd  pl. audiātis3rd  pl. audiant

Present  Subjunctive  Passive

Present 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amer2nd  sg. amēris  (amēre)3rd  sg. amētur1st  pl. amēmur2nd  pl. amēminī3rd  pl. amentur

Present  Subjunctive  Passive

Present 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monear2nd  sg. moneāris  (moneāre)3rd  sg. moneātur1st  pl. moneāmur2nd  pl. moneāminī3rd  pl. moneantur

Present  Subjunctive  Passive

Present 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. legar2nd  sg. legāris  (legāre)3rd  sg. legātur1st  pl. legāmur2nd  pl. legāminī3rd  pl. legantur

Present  Subjunctive  Passive

Present 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. capiar2nd  sg. capiāris  (capiāre)3rd  sg. capiātur1st  pl. capiāmur2nd  pl. capiāminī3rd  pl. capiantur

Present  Subjunctive  Passive

Present 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audiar2nd  sg. audiāris  (audiāre)3rd  sg. audiātur1st  pl. audiāmur2nd  pl. audiāminī3rd  pl. audiantur

Imperfect  SubjunctiveThe  imperfect  subjunctive  starts  out  as  the    

second  principal  part  (present  active  infinitive).

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐m -­‐mus

2nd -­‐s -­‐tis

3rd -­‐t -­‐nt

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐r -­‐mur

2nd -­‐ris -­‐mini

3rd -­‐tur -­‐ntur

Active Passive

Then,  add  the  endings:

Imperfect  Subjunctive  Active

Imperfect 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amārem2nd  sg. amārēs3rd  sg. amāret1st  pl. amārēmus2nd  pl. amārētis3rd  pl. amārent

Imperfect  Subjunctive  Active

Imperfect 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monērem2nd  sg. monērēs3rd  sg. monēret1st  pl. monērēmus2nd  pl. monērētis3rd  pl. monērent

Imperfect  Subjunctive  Active

Imperfect 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. legerem2nd  sg. legerēs3rd  sg. legeret1st  pl. legerēmus2nd  pl. legerētis3rd  pl. legerent

Imperfect  Subjunctive  Active

Imperfect 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. caperem2nd  sg. caperēs3rd  sg. caperet1st  pl. caperēmus2nd  pl. caperētis3rd  pl. caperent

Imperfect  Subjunctive  Active

Imperfect 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audīrem2nd  sg. audīrēs3rd  sg. audīret1st  pl. audīrēmus2nd  pl. audīrētis3rd  pl. audīrent

Imperfect  Subjunctive  PassiveImperfect 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amārer2nd  sg. amārēris  (amārēre)3rd  sg. amārētur1st  pl. amārēmur2nd  pl. amārēminī3rd  pl. amārentur

Imperfect  Subjunctive  PassiveImperfect 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monērer2nd  sg. monērēris  (monērēre)3rd  sg. monērētur1st  pl. monērēmur2nd  pl. monērēminī3rd  pl. monērentur

Imperfect  Subjunctive  PassiveImperfect 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. legerer2nd  sg. legerēris  (legerēre)3rd  sg. legerētur1st  pl. legerēmur2nd  pl. legerēminī3rd  pl. legerentur

Imperfect  Subjunctive  PassiveImperfect 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. caperer2nd  sg. caperēris  (caperēre)3rd  sg. caperētur1st  pl. caperēmur2nd  pl. caperēminī3rd  pl. caperentur

Imperfect  Subjunctive  PassiveImperfect 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audīrer2nd  sg. audīrēris  (audīrēre)3rd  sg. audīrētur1st  pl. audīrēmur2nd  pl. audīrēminī3rd  pl. audīrentur

Hortatory  Subjunctive

•ONLY  Present  Subjunctive  

•1st  singular  /  1st  plural  

•“Let  me  verb”  /  “Let  us  verb”  

•Negated  with  nē

“Vivāmus  et  amēmus.”

“Let  us  live  and  let  us  love.”  (Catullus  5)

hortor,  hortārī,  hortātus  sum:  to  encourage

Jussive  Subjunctive

•ONLY  Present  Subjunctive  

•3rd  singular  /  3rd  plural  

•“Let  him/her/it  verb”  /  “Let  them  verb”    

•(RARELY)  2nd  person  sg./pl.  (“Let  you  verb”)  

•Negated  with  nē

“Arma  togae  cedant.”

“Let  weapons  yield  to  the  toga.”  (Cicero  -­‐  De  Officiīs)

iubeō,  iubēre,  iussī,  iussus:  to  order

The  Present  Subjunctive  of  SumThe  verb  sum  also  has  subjunctive  forms.  These  can  be  used  by  themselves  or  as  part  of  the  perfect  passive  system.

Present sum,  esse,  fuī,  futurus

1st  sg. sim2nd  sg. sīs3rd  sg. sit1st  pl. sīmus2nd  pl. sītis3rd  pl. sint

The  Imperfect  Subjunctive  of  SumThe  verb  sum  also  has  subjunctive  forms.  These  can  be  used  by  themselves  or  as  part  of  the  perfect  passive  system.

Imperfect sum,  esse,  fuī,  futurus

1st  sg. essem2nd  sg. essēs3rd  sg. esset1st  pl. essēmus2nd  pl. essētis3rd  pl. essent

Perfect  Subjunctive  ACTIVE

The  perfect  subjunctive  starts  out  as  the    THIRD  principal  part.  Drop  the  -­‐ī.

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐erim -­‐erimus

2nd -­‐eris -­‐eritis

3rd -­‐erit -­‐erint

Then,  add  the  endings:

Perfect  Subjunctive  Active

Perfect 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amāverim2nd  sg. amāveris3rd  sg. amāverit1st  pl. amāverimus2nd  pl. amāveritis3rd  pl. amāverint

Perfect  Subjunctive  Active

Perfect 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monuerim2nd  sg. monueris3rd  sg. monuerit1st  pl. monuerimus2nd  pl. monueritis3rd  pl. monuerint

Perfect  Subjunctive  Active

Perfect 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. lēgerim2nd  sg. lēgeris3rd  sg. lēgerit1st  pl. lēgerimus2nd  pl. lēgeritis3rd  pl. lēgerint

Perfect  Subjunctive  Active

Perfect 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. cēperim2nd  sg. cēperis3rd  sg. cēperit1st  pl. cēperimus2nd  pl. cēperitis3rd  pl. cēperint

Perfect  Subjunctive  Active

Perfect 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audīverim2nd  sg. audīveris3rd  sg. audīverit1st  pl. audīverimus2nd  pl. audīveritis3rd  pl. audīverint

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ACTIVE

The  pluperfect  subjunctive  starts  out  as  the    THIRD  principal  part.  Drop  the  -­‐ī.

Sg. Pl.

1st -­‐issem -­‐issēmus

2nd -­‐issēs -­‐issētis

3rd -­‐isset -­‐issent

Then,  add  the  endings:

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ActivePlupf. 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amāvissem2nd  sg. amāvissēs3rd  sg. amāvisset1st  pl. amāvissēmus2nd  pl. amāvissētis3rd  pl. amāvissent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ActivePlupf. 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monuissem2nd  sg. monuissēs3rd  sg. monuisset1st  pl. monuissēmus2nd  pl. monuissētis3rd  pl. monuissent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ActivePlupf. 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. lēgissem2nd  sg. lēgissēs3rd  sg. lēgisset1st  pl. lēgissēmus2nd  pl. lēgissētis3rd  pl. lēgissent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ActivePlupf. 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. cēpissem2nd  sg. cēpissēs3rd  sg. cēpisset1st  pl. cēpissēmus2nd  pl. cēpissētis3rd  pl. cēpissent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  ActivePlupf. 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audīvissem2nd  sg. audīvissēs3rd  sg. audīvisset1st  pl. audīvissēmus2nd  pl. audīvissētis3rd  pl. audīvissent

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

The  perfect  passive  system  always  contains  the  4th  principal  part.

Sg. Pl.1st sim simus2nd sis sitis3rd sit sint

The  perfect  passive  INDICATIVE  pairs  the  PPP  with  the  present  indicative  of  sum  (amatus  sum).

The  perfect  passive  SUBJUNCTIVE  pairs  the  PPP  with  the  present  SUBJUNCTIVE  of  sum  (amatus  sim).

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

Perfect 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amātus  sim2nd  sg. amātus  sīs3rd  sg. amātus  sit1st  pl. amātī  sīmus2nd  pl. amātī  sītis3rd  pl. amātī  sint

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

Perfect 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monitus  sim2nd  sg. monitus  sīs3rd  sg. monitus  sit1st  pl. monitī  sīmus2nd  pl. monitī  sītis3rd  pl. monitī  sint

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

Perfect 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. lectus  sim2nd  sg. lectus  sīs3rd  sg. lectus  sit1st  pl. lectī  sīmus2nd  pl. lectī  sītis3rd  pl. lectī  sint

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

Perfect 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. captus  sim2nd  sg. captus  sīs3rd  sg. captus  sit1st  pl. captī  sīmus2nd  pl. captī  sītis3rd  pl. captī  sint

Perfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

Perfect 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audītus  sim2nd  sg. audītus  sīs3rd  sg. audītus  sit1st  pl. audītī  sīmus2nd  pl. audītī  sītis3rd  pl. audītī  sint

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVE

The  pluperfect  passive  system  always  contains  the  4th  principal  part.

Sg. Pl.1st essem essēmus2nd essēs essētis3rd esset essent

The  pluperfect  passive  INDICATIVE  pairs  the  PPP  with  the  imperfect  indicative  of  sum  (amatus  eram).

The  pluperfect  passive  SUBJUNCTIVE  pairs  the  PPP  with  the  imperfect  SUBJUNCTIVE  of  sum  (amatus  essem).

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVEPluperfect 1st  conjugation  (amāre)

1st  sg. amātus  essem2nd  sg. amātus  essēs3rd  sg. amātus  esset1st  pl. amātī  essēmus2nd  pl. amātī  essētis3rd  pl. amātī  essent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVEPluperfect 2nd  conjugation  (monēre)

1st  sg. monitus  essem2nd  sg. monitus  essēs3rd  sg. monitus  esset1st  pl. monitī  essēmus2nd  pl. monitī  essētis3rd  pl. monitī  essent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVEPluperfect 3rd  conjugation  (legere)

1st  sg. lectus  essem2nd  sg. lectus  essēs3rd  sg. lectus  esset1st  pl. lectī  essēmus2nd  pl. lectī  essētis3rd  pl. lectī  essent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVEPluperfect 3rd  -­‐io  conjugation  (capere)

1st  sg. captus  essem2nd  sg. captus  essēs3rd  sg. captus  esset1st  pl. captī  essēmus2nd  pl. captī  essētis3rd  pl. captī  essent

Pluperfect  Subjunctive  PASSIVEPluperfect 4th  conjugation  (audīre)

1st  sg. audītus  essem2nd  sg. audītus  essēs3rd  sg. audītus  esset1st  pl. audītī  essēmus2nd  pl. audītī  essētis3rd  pl. audītī  essent