taxonomy diversity of life animal kingdom

Taxonomy Diversity of LifeAnimal Kingdom

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

1. What are the kingdoms of life?2. Which kingdom(s) is/are single celled?3. Which kingdom(s) is/are multicellular?4. Which kingdom(s) make their own food?5. Which kingdom(s) live off of dead organisms?6. Which kingdoms must ingest their food?7. What characteristics can you think of that an

organism in the animal kingdom would possess or be able to do that other kingdoms may not?

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

1. What are the kingdoms of life? (Page 499)• Animal• Plant• Fungus• Protist• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

2. Which kingdom(s) is/are single celled?• Archaebacteria and Eubacteria• Some protists

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

3. Which kingdom(s) is/are multicellular?• Animal• Plant• Fungus• Most protists

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

4. Which kingdom(s) make their own food?• Plants• Some protists• Some eubacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

5. Which kingdom(s) live off of dead organisms?• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria• Animal• Fungus

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

6. Which kingdoms must ingest their food?• Animal• Some protists• Fungus • Eubacteria• Archaebacteria

? Questions about Kingdoms ?

7. What characteristics can you think of that an organism in the animal kingdom would possess or be able to do that other kingdoms may not?

Taxonomy

• Study of classifying things• Why?– Organization– Identification– Show relationship between organisms

• Linnaeus (1707-1778)– Father of nomenclature

Classification Hierarchy(page 475)

1. Kingdom2. Phylum3. Class4. Order5. Family6. Genus7. Species

Binomial nomenclature• How to name an organism in the animal kingdom• Example:– Homo sapien (genus) (species) -generic -specific1. Species lower case, genus capital first letter2. Always written in italics or underlined individually3. Nomenclature is derived from Latin

Animal KingdomChapter 32 (pg. 589-597)

• Characteristics1. Vertebrate or Invertebrate2. Multicellular3. Heterotrophic4. Lack cell wall5. Sexual reproduction (sperm and egg)6. Unique tissue type for movementa. Nervousb. Muscle7. Embryo Development—differentiation of cells (pg 589-590)

What is an animal (cont’d)

8. Symmetry—arrangement of body parts around a central point

a. Asymmetry-no definite symmetryb. Radial symmetry-divided in to halves by any

plane that passes through its longitudinal axisExample: starfish, jellyfish

What is an animal (cont’d)

• c. Bilateral symmetry-divided into halves; left and right are mirror images of each other

Example: humanDorsal-top Anterior-headVentral-bottom Posterior-tail

Symmetry

What is an animal (cont’d)

9. Cephalization (associated with bilateral symmetry)

-evolutionary trend whereby nervous tissue becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism

-a head with a sensory organ associated with bilateral symmetry (humans)

What is an animal (cont’d)

10. Embryo Development (bilaterals)-embryo becomes layered during

development called germ layers that form concentric layers of various tissues and organs

1. Ectoderm-covering of embryo-becomes skin2. Endoderm-innermost-becomes digestive3. Mesoderm-middle-forms muscle and other

linings

What is an animal (cont’d)

11. Coelum (found in coelomates) (pg. 593)-fluid filled body cavity lined with

mesoderm-suspend the internal organs-functions to cushion organs, prevent

internal injury, enabled organs to grow and move

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

1. Porifera: (sponges)-hollow tube-no brain-radial or asymmetry-takes in food via water through pores

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

2. Cnidaria (sea anemone, coral, jellyfish)-marine environment-radial symmetry-single body cavity-reproduce sexually

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

3. Platyhelminthes (tapeworm, planarian, fluke)-bilateral symmetry-unsegmented-no body cavity-no respiratory/circulatory organs-flat shape-parasitic groups

Phylums of Animal Kingdoms

4. Annelida (earthworm, leeches)-segmented-has digestive system-simple brain-5 hearts-takes in oxygen through skin-has both sperm/egg in body-bilateral symmetry

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

5. Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans)-jointed limbs-made of chitin-hard outer covering-segmented body-lay eggs

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

6. Echinodermata (sand dollar, sea star, sea urchin)-marine animal-radial symmetry-no external skeleton-skin of mesoderm covers endoskeleton-digestive tube (mouth to anus)

Phylums of Animal Kingdom

7. Chordata (vertebrates)-skeleton-ingest food by mouth-brain and nervous system-warm or cold blooded-lungs or gills-sexual reproduction-bilateral symmetry

Chordata

• Classes of the phylum (page 599)1. Agnatha (jawless fish)2. Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)3. Osteichthyes (bony fish)4. Amphibians5. Reptiles6. Birds7. Mammals

Do you know the phylum?

• lobster

•Arthropoda

Do you know the phylum?

• earthworm

•Annelida

Do you know the phylum?

• tapeworm

•Platyhelminthes

Do you know the phylum?

• spider

•Arthropoda

Do you know the phylum?

• Sea anemone

•Cnidaria

Do you know the phylum?

• Purple sea urchin

•Echinodermata

Do you know the phylum?

• Marine flatworm

•Platyhelminthes

Do you know the phylum?

• elephants

•Chordata

Do you know the phylum?

• snake

•Chordata

Do you know the phylum?

• sponge

•Porifera

Do you know the phylum?

• jellyfish

•Cnidaria