tevfik kaya tkaya@tpic.com - geothermal resources council · manisa‐alaşehir‐ köseali 287....
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Turkish Petroleum International Company & Middle East Technical University
TPICTPIC
An overview on Drilling and Geothermal Energy Projects in Turkey
Tevfik
Kaya
tkaya@tpic.com.tr
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects “we are helping our geothermal asset to come to surface…”
METUMiddle East Technical
University, Turkey
GRC Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA, Monday,
October 1, 2012 Noon:12‐1:30 PM
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Domestic
Production
Dependency
on Foreign
Crude Oil 2.5 M ton/year 93%Natural Gas 0.73 B M3/year 97%
gas fields
Oil fields
Turkey’s oil production;
•peaked in 1991 at 85 thousand
bbl/day •bottoming out in 2006 at 44 thousand bbl/d. •Now: 53‐55
thousand bbl/d in 2011.
t.kaya 2012
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
Primary energy consumption of Turkey is
covered %62 oil and gas.
Oil & Gas Overviwed
of Turkey 2011
Energy Dependency on Foreign Source for Turkey
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
.
Turkey
has a unique geographic position
at
the
crossroads
between
Europe
and
Asia.
It
is
located
on
an
active
tectonic,
orogenetic
belt,
the
Alpine ‐
Himalaya
Orogen,
with
young
faults
and
active
volcanism.
Geothermal exploration in Turkey
started in the early 1960s. The first
geothermal well
for power generation
was drilled in 1968 on high enthalpy
fields for potential power production.
The well has a depth of 540 meters and
a temperature of 198°C.
Geothermal
in Turkey since 1960
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
•
Direct use application for heating ‐
38%•
Thermal usage (spa) ‐
52%•
Power generation ‐
10%
Geothermal fields in Turkey
December 2011
Power
Generation
114.3 MWe
Residences
Heating
88,000~ 805
MwtResidence
equivalence
Greenhouse
Heating
2,585,000
( ~506
MWt)m2
Thermal
Facilities,spa
325(~550 MWt)
Pc
CO2
mitigated160,000 Tons
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
Geothermal Fields name for Power Generation in Turkey
(September 2011)
Name of Fields Temp.(°C
) Name of Fields Temp.°C)
Manisa‐Alaşehir‐
Köseali 287 Kütahya‐Simav 162
Manisa Alaşehir X 265 Aydın‐Umurlu 155Manisa‐Salihli‐
Caferbey 249 İzmir‐
Seferihisar 153
Denizli‐Kızıldere 242 Denizli‐
Bölmekaya 147
Aydın‐Germencik‐
Ömerbeyli 239 Aydın‐
Hıdırbeyli 146
Manisa‐Alaşehir‐
Kurudere 214 İzmir‐Dikili‐
Hanımınçiftliği 145
Manisa‐Alaşehir‐
X 194 Aydın‐
Sultanhisar 145
Aydın‐Yılmazköy 192 Aydın‐Bozyurt 140
Aydın‐Pamukören 188 Denizli‐Karataş 137Manisa‐Alaşehir‐
Kavaklıdere 188 İzmir‐Balçova 136
Manisa‐Salihli‐
Göbekli 182 İzmir‐Dikili‐
Kaynarca 130
Kütahya‐Şaphane 181 Aydın‐Nazilli‐
Güzelköy 127
Çanakkale‐Tuzla 174 Aydın‐Atça 124
Aydın‐Salavatlı 171 Manisa‐Salihli‐
Kurşunlu 117
Denizli‐
Tekkehamam 168Denizli‐
Sarayköy‐
Gerali114
•300 geothermal resource areas known •1500 hot and
mineralized natural springs
International Geothermal Energy Showcase
, May 23, 2012,
Washington DC
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Temperature distrubution of geothermal resources view field &wells
Geothermal Resources Map of Turkey
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
1963‐2012; Number of geothermal wells drilled: 850‐900
(ref: i.akkus MTA)
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Installed Capacity of Power Plants in Turkey, 2011 September
2011
Installed
Capacity
MWe
Installed
Capacity
Ratio
Generation
Ratio
Natural Gas 16,221 32% 44‐47%Hydro 17,092 32% 24%Lignite 8,173 17% 17%Imported Coal 3,281 7% 10%Fuel 1,475 3% 1%Wind 1,358
/
1,729
3% 2%
Geothermal 114 0.20% 0.30%Other 4,034 5.80% 2.40%Total 51,004
53,106
100% 100%
Year Electricity Demand/
Consumption (kwh)
Consumption
kW/capita
2002 129 Billion 1.4852010 210 Billion 2.8712011 229,3
Bilion 3.1002023 450 Billion 5.500 9% increase from 2010 to 2011
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal installed capacity has been increasing rapidly over the years, accounting for
50% of the total installed capacity by Sept 2012 (TPIC projection)
geothermal
energy is
separately
regulated by Act
#5686 (Jun 3rd,
2007).
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
Name of PP Place Installed Capacity
(MWe)Technology
ProviderKızıldere Denizli‐Sarayköy 15 AnsaldoDora‐1 Aydın‐Salavatlı 8 OrmatBereket Denizli‐Sarayköy 7 OrmatGermencik Aydın‐Germencik 47 MitsubishiTuzla Çanakkale
Tuzla 8 OrmatDora‐2 Aydın‐Salavatlı 12 OrmatIrem Aydın‐Germencik 20 Ormat
Under constructionSinem Aydın‐Germencik 24 OrmatDeniz Aydın‐Germencik 24 OrmatPamukoren Aydın‐Pamokoren 45 Atlas CopcoGumuskoy Aydın‐Germencik 7 TASDora 3U1 Aydın‐Salavatlı 15 OrmatAlasehir Manisa‐Alasehir 24 OrmatDora 3U2 Aydın‐Salavatlı 20 OrmatKızıldere‐2 Denizli Sarayköy 75 Fuji‐TAS
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
7
8
Approx. 212 MWe under construction
History of Geothermal Power Plants (May 2012)
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
Installed
Capacity
MWTechnology Provider Project Financing 1984 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
7‐15. Steam Flash Ansaldo Government / Zorlu Kizildere Zorlu Kizildere 1
75 Steam +
triple flash Fuji + TAS Bank Consorsium Zorlu Kızıldere II
7.5 ORC Ormat Yapı
Kredi Mege Dora 1 ‐
05
7.3 ORC Ormat TKB Bereket BJE ‐
05
7.5 ORC Ormat Pozitif Enda Tuzla ‐
01
47.5 Steam Flash Mitsubishi WestLB
Consortium
inc. Local banks Gurmat Germencik
‐
06
12 ORC Ormat Pozitif Mege Dora 2 ‐
03
18.5 ORC Ormat Vakıf Maren Irem ‐
11
45 ORC Atlas
Copco Not yet specificied Celikler 06 Pamukore
n
24 ORC Ormat Vakıf From start ‐
Owner Maren Sinem
24 ORC Ormat Vakıf Commissioning ‐
month Maren Deniz
6.6/7 ORC TAS BM/? Under development BM Gumuskoy
18.5 ORC Ormat TKB Mege Dora 3 U1
23.6 ORC Ormat Is Bank Turkerler Alasehir
20 ORC Ormat TKB Mege Dora 3 U2
Geothermal Site Developmentbased on the case of 20 MWe‐60 MWe in Turkey
(t.kaya 2012)
Site Scouting and
geological/geophysical studies 6‐10 months
Exploratory drilling including
gradient drilling 12‐15 months
Drilling and long term test15‐28 months
Power plant construction
(mostly parallel to drilling) 18‐24 months
Total development period of a
proven field 36‐54
months
Total development period for
non proven fields 48‐60
months
View of the Geothermal Power Project Development
in Turkey
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Feed –in Tariff and Legal Framework for Geothermal Energy in Turkey:
•FIT was introduced in 2005 as a unique tariff btw 5 – 5,5 € cents, applicable for defined renewable
energy sources
(18.05.2005, Law No.5346, entitled “RES Law for the)•Implementation Regulation of FIT was not adopted at that time. •In Turkey, geothermal energy is separately regulated by the Act numbered 5686 (Jun 3rd,
2007).•New RES Law was adopted in Dec 2010 •It proposes below mentioned FIT at differentiated rates (7,3 10,5 –
13,3 $ cents) for different
renewable energy sources. •Implementation Reg. is adopted & Domestic Manufacturing incentive introduced.
Power Plant Type FIT Domestic ManufacturingAdditional Local
Content
($cebt/kWh)
Max FIT
($cent/kWh)
Hydro Power Plant 7.3 Turbine 1.3 9.6Generator and Power Electronics 1.0
Wind Power Plant 7.3
Blade 0.8
11.0Generator and Power Electronics 1.0Tower 0.6Rotor and Nacel
(all mechanic) 1.3
Geothermal Power Plant 10.5Steam or Gas Turbine 1.3
13.2Generator and Power Electronics 0.7Steam Injector or Vacuum Pump 0.7
Biomass 13.3 Equipments 18.9
Solar 13.3 Fotovoltaik
Equipments 20.0Concentrated olar
Power Equipments 22.5
t.kaya 2012
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal Projects in Aegean Region TPIC Services
F200 in Salihli
celikler
aytemizsoyak
bm
güriş zorlu
sanko
kayen
akca
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
transmark
burc
enel
delta maspo
rarik
maren ors
hateks
endademirören
enerji‐adolmabahce
+ > 12
companies
erna
Ümran boru
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal Well Drillings
by TPIC (2008‐
May 2012
105.000 meter )
According to TPIC drilling experiences in Menderes and Alaşehir
graben
mostly metamorphic, shiest,
limestone, sand stone and marble formation,Average penetration day for 2000‐2500 meter is 45‐50 days for production wells, for the 2800‐
3000meter exploration well’s average penetration days is more than 65 days
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Turkey’s current geothermal drilling operations are being executed under drilling service contract
structures which are predominantly “unit time rate”
(similar to New Zealand, Kenya and
Indonesian). TPIC can also operate under a turn‐key agreement. “meter‐rate”
and “turn‐key”
geothermal drilling operations are typical of Iceland. Meter‐rate and turn‐key is used for direct use utilization projects drilling in Turkey.
Rig Cost in Turkey
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
Drilling Rigs in Geothermal Power Projects in Turkey
(May 2012)
tkaya 2012
# Rig Place Capacity
(w/ 4 1/2" DP) Company
1 F‐320/5 Denizli 6210 m/2000 HP TPIC2 F 200/11 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC3 F200/10 Manisa 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC4 IRI 100/1 Aydın 425 HP/W.OWER TPIC5 MR8000 Manisa 4300 m/1080 HP MAPEK6 MR8000 Aydın 4300 m/1080 HP MAREN7 IDECO H44 Aydın 3000 m / 750 HP POLMAK
8 F. Cooper LTO‐
750 Aydın 2500m/750 HP AME
9 Wilson 75 Aydın 2500m/900 HP AME10 NAT 80 B Aydın 3500 m/1000 HP AME11 F200 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP AME12 BD125 Denizli 1600 HP DEĞİRMENCİ13 Gefco 185 K Konya 2000m/600 HP GM Müh14 MR6000 İzmir 2000 m/540 HP MTA
15 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Merty
16 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Gül Sondaj
Turkey Rig Count in Geothermal Projects
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey
t.kaya 2012
Why Finance and
Invest in
Geothermal in
Turkey
•
As a result of Turkey’s economic growth over the last eight years Turkey has become one of the
fastest growing energy markets in the world. The energy market is also rapidly gaining a
competitive structure. The Turkish Electricity Transmission Company estimates that Turkey’s
demand for electricity will increase at an annual rate of six percent between 2009 and 2023.
•
Total geothermal potential of Turkey is estimated around 30,000 MW. In geothermal, Turkey
has a proven 4,000 MW of resources over 20°C of which 600 to 1000 MW are high temperature
fields able to produce electricity.
GRC
2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting International
Luncheon Reno, NV, USA,
.
TPICTPICGeothermal
Projects
Thank you…
We love the geothermal because geothermal is beautiful…
Pamukkale/Turkey
…
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