the earth in space - flipped out science! laura …...spring tide or high tide the gravity of the...

The Earth in Space

TEK 8.7C Relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides

But first –

let’s review!

Name this phase!

Full Moon

Name this phase!

First Quarter

Name this phase!

Waxing Crescent

Name this

phase!

Waning

Gibbous

Name

this

phase!

Third Quarter

Name this phase!

Waxing Gibbous

Name this phase!

Waning Crescent

Name this phase!

Full Moon

Name this phase!

New Moon

Name this phase!

Waning Gibbous

Name this

phase!

Waning Crescent

Mr. Lee – Moon Phase Rap

Ocean Tides

Lunar Eclipses

Eclipses

The Sun and Moon occasionally

line up causing an eclipse

Two types of Eclipses:

Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse

Eclipses are named for which

object is blocked from our view on

Earth

Moon moves between the Earth and Sun

The Moon’s shadow covers part of the Earth

Only happens during a New Moon

Total eclipses are rare occurrences

Total Solar Eclipse

Only lasts a few

minutes

Path of Totality

about 10,000 miles

long, only 100 miles

wide

Observers in the “umbra” shadow see a total eclipse (safe to

view the Sun)

Those in “penumbra” see a partial eclipse (NOT safe to look

directly at Sun)

Words to Know

Umbra – the darkest part of the shadow

during an eclipse (people in the umbra will

see a total eclipse)

Words to Know

Penumbra - the lighter part of the shadow

during an eclipse (people in the penumbra

will see a partial eclipse)

Photo of a Total Eclipse

Partial Solar Eclipse

• Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon

• Moon is in Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens

the moon

• Can only occur at a Full Moon

• About 2-3 lunar eclipses per year

• Last up to 4 hours

Lunar Eclipse

Checkpoint

Why do lunar eclipses occur only during a

Full Moon? Where are the Earth, the Sun,

and the Moon located in relation to each

other during a lunar eclipse?

Answer: Earth must come between the

sun and the moon during a lunar eclipse;

this only happens during the full moon

phase.

Tides

Tides Animation

The rise and fall of water,

every 12.5 hours

The water rises for about

6 hours, then falls for

about six hours, in a

regular cycle

Two high tides and two

low tides every day

The Tides

Tides are caused by the pull of Moon’s gravity on

Earth

We have both low tides and high tides

High tide: occurs in areas where side is

facing Moon and the side away from Moon

Also called Spring Tides

Low tide: occurs on sides of Earth

Also called Neap Tides

The Moon’s Gravity

The Moon’s gravity tugs on the Earth

Tides occur mainly because of

differences in how much the moon

pulls on different parts of the Earth

It pulls the most on the part of

Earth closest, which raises the

atmosphere, the oceans, and even

the rocks (a little)

It pulls the least on the part of

Earth that’s farthest away

Moon’s gravitational pull

High Tides and the Tide Cycle

As Earth rotates, one high

tide stays on the side of

Earth facing the moon

The second high tide stays

on the opposite side of

Earth

Every location on Earth

sweeps through those two

high tides and two low tides

in a 25-hour cycle

Tides and the Lunar Cycle

During New and Full Moon

- Spring Tides

greatest difference

between high and low

tide

During First and Last

Quarter - Neap Tides

least difference

between high and low

tide

Spring Tide or High Tide

The gravity of the sun and the

moon pull in the same direction

The combined forces produce

a tide with the greatest

difference between low and

high tide

Spring Tides occur twice a

month

The sun’s gravity also pulls on Earth’s waters

During a New and Full moon - the Sun, Earth, and moon are

nearly in a line (parallel)

Neap Tides or Low Tides

The sun’s pull is at right angles

to the moon’s

This arrangement produces a

tide with the least difference

between low and high tide

During First and Last Quarter moons - the line between

the Sun, Earth, and moon is a right angle

Tidal Forces on

Earth

January 24, 2011

Bay of Fundy Observations

Bay of Fundy Video

Bay of Fundy

Ocean Tides at the Bay of Fundy

January 24, 2011

Bay of Fundy Observations

Local Tide Effects

The shapes of bays, inlets, and the ocean

floor can affect the flow of water, so that

the height and timing of the tides can vary

even in places that are close to each other

The positions of the moon,

Earth, and the Sun cause the

phases of the moon, eclipses,

and tides

Worksheet