the islamic empire. essential question: what was the impact of the islamic empire under the abbasids...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
221 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
THE ISLAMIC
EMPIRE
Essential Question:What was the impact of the
Islamic Empire under theAbbasids and the Umayyads?
Overview of Islam Around the year 600 CE, a new monotheistic religion
called Islam began
Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the
Arabian city of Mecca
After the Hijrah to the city of Medina, Muhammad gained Muslim converts and returned to Mecca,
conquering the city
Muslims believe in the Five Pillars of Islam:
Faith: belief in one God, Allah, and the Prophet MuhammadPrayer: 5 times per day towards Mecca Alms: 2.5% to charityFasting: During the month of RamadanHajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca
MECCA
Islam After MuhammadWhen Muhammad
died in 632, the Muslim community
elected a new leader called a
caliph (successor)The first four caliphs all knew Muhammad and promised to stay
true to the Qur’an and Muhammad’s message
They became known as the “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
Islam After MuhammadThe first caliph was
Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law, Abu Bakr; his goal
was to keep Muslims under his government (the
“caliphate”) He used jihad to
control and expand the Islamic Empire
The Rightly Guided Caliphs The empire expanded under the next caliphs
During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire expanded “Dar-al-Islam”
(the areas where Islam is practiced)
The caliphate never forced non-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book” (Jews and Christians); they allowed religious tolerance
as long as taxes were paid to the Empire
The caliphs used the Shari'a (laws of Islam) to govern the Empire
The Umayyad EmpireAfter the death of the
fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, a civil war for control
of the Empire began
The clan that came to power started the
Umayyad Empire
However, the rise of Umayyads led to a
division in Islam
The Sunni-Shi’a SplitBefore the Umayyads, caliphs were
elected members of Muhammad’s familyShi’a Muslims
rejected the rule of the Umayyads
The Shi’a believe that caliphs must
come directly from Muhammad’s
bloodline
Sunni Muslims accepted the rule of
the UmayyadsThe Sunni believe
that caliphs should follow Muhammad’s example, but do not have to be relatives
The Umayyad EmpireThe Umayyads expanded the Empire, which brought wealth and new Islamic converts
In 750, the Umayyad Empire was overthrown by the Abbasids
Under the Abbasids, the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest
extent
The Abbasid EmpireThe Abbasids’ rule over the Islamic Empire
lasted from 750 to 1258
The Abbasid caliphate built a strong government bureaucracy to rule the Empire
The Abbasid Empire
Muslim merchants expanded the Empire’s wealth by trading across Africa, the Indian
Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea
The Abbasid EmpireWealth from trade led to a
“golden age”, a time of great
Muslim achievements
in science, mathematics, medicine, and architecture
Closure Activity
Complete the Monotheism Chart
on the back of your notes
top related