the league of nations

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Catalysts for Creation•WWI and the Alliance System

•Wilson’s Idealism•Modern Economy

Goals of L.O.N.• Peace keeping• Encourage contact among

nations• Settle nationalist issues• Humanitarian efforts

Doomed to fail? • Unequal Playing field• Lack of military force• Britain and France

•US did not join

EFFECTS OF WWIImmediate

• 10 million soldiers killed

• RUS – 2 mil• GER – 1.3 mil• FRA – 1.3 mil• GB – 900,000• US: 115,000

• 4 million civilians killed

• 350 billion dollars

Soviet Union

2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place?3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919?

Long Term Effects

1. Destruction of Eastern & Central European Empires

2. Communism in Russia

Long Term Effects3. Weakening of Europe

--Economic instability:

--Unresolved nationalistic issues--Dissent in the colonies:

Economic power moves to US & Japan

Forced to make concessions to non-European areas

Long Term Effects4. Social & Political

Transformations

Women

Monarchies

The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns

1. W. Eur. = Incomplete recovery- Negative pol. & econ.

patterns arose: Fascism in Italy; crippling tariffs

- W. Europe’s world econ. dominance fell behind U.S. & Japan

The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns

2. U.S. & Japan = New giants in indust. prod.

The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns

3. Consequential Revolutions in:- Mexico- Russia- China

The World By the 1920’sThe Roaring Twenties

*Brief period of stability and optimism- Germany’s new dem. gov’t

promised friendship & coop.- Kellogg-Briand Act = outlawed

war- General econ. prosperity

The World By the 1920’sThe Roaring Twenties – cont’d

*Brief period of stability and optimism- Intro. of new consumer items:

radios & autos- Cultural burst in arts, film, lit.- Women achieve voting rights

& social freedoms in West.

THE GREAT GLOBAL DEPRESSION – 1930s

Causes

1. German reparations fueled

Hyperinflation

Causes

2. Overproduction: supply > demand

Causes3. Excessive expansion of credit

Causes4. Tariffs = poor domestic economy

Causes5. Stock market crash & panic

Impact• Who was impacted the most?

– High unemployment in indust. countries

–Value of exports drop–Bank failures; collapse of credit–Extreme political reactions/massive rearmament

Western democracies & Japan

GERMANY

Failure of Democracy (Weimar Republic)

Rise of Nazism

ITALY

Rise of Fascism

JAPAN

MILITARISM & EXPANSION

Failure of a return to Pre- War Government

Failure of a Civilian government

Impact• Who was not impacted?

–Isolated Communist regime

USSR

–Stalin’s 5 year plan

Depression clip

Fascism vs. Nazism

Summary1.Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini. Nazism on the other hand, though a form of Fascism, referred to as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party. (National Socialist German Workers’ Party of Adolf Hitler)

2.For Fascists, the state was the most important element. But Nazism emphasized on racism.

3.While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important.

• Hitler's Germany became known as a fascist state. “Fascist” was originally used to describe the government of Benito Mussolini in Italy. Mussolini's fascist one-party state emphasized patriotism, national unity, hatred of communism, admiration of military values and unquestioning obedience. Hitler was deeply influenced by Mussolini's Italy and his Germany shared many of the same characteristics.

• The German economic system remained capitalistic but the state played a more prominent role in managing the economy. Industrialists were sometimes told what to produce and what price they should charge for the goods that they made. The government also had the power to order workers to move to where they were required.