the learner: his nature and fundamental equipment

THE LEARNER: HIS NATURE AND

FUNDAMENTAL EQUIPMENT

*INTELLECT*WILL

*HABIT

INTELLECT

• Is the cognitive power of the mind. The term intellect is derived from the Latin word intelligere (intus, “within,” and legere, “to read”), which means to discern.

KINDS OF INTELLECTUAL PROCESS

1. ConceptionRepresentations of concrete objects and qualities the essential elements or substantial nature or essence of the object.

2. JudgmentThe affirming of the relationship between things or concept.

3. ReasoningIs an act by which the intellect discerns the agreement or disagreement between two concepts.

TWO FORMS OF REASONING

Induction• Is the method of reasoning which consists in

forming judgments about a number of particular cases.

Deduction• is the method of reasoning which consists in the

application of a general principle or law to particular facts.

ANALOGY

Process resemblances

between things are noted.

WILL

• The will is man’s rational appetitive

power. It is the tendency to desire,

to seek, and to enjoy that which is

apprehend by the intellect as good.

DELIBERATION

• This deliberation is followed by choice

or decision, which is the acceptance or

rejection by the mind of an object or a

course of action after the motives for

and against the selection of the object

or course of action have been

considered..

FREEDOM OF WILL

The theory which denies the

freedom of the will is termed

DETERMINISM.

3 FORMS OF DETERMINISM

1. Mechanical Determinism

-whatever man does is predestined by laws of nature.

2. Psychological

Determinism

-holds that choice invariably

follows what is presented as the

greatest good.

3. Biological Determinism

-volition is likened to reflex

action.

AFFECTIVE STATES

The mental activities

which are characterized

by feeling and emotion.

EFFECTS OF EMOTION

a.Glandular Effects

b.Muscular Effects

c.Mental Effects

EMOTION

Is much more inclusive than that of

feeling. It is derived from the Latin

word emotus, which signifies a

movement outward and implies an

action or tendency toward action

which arises from some inner need and

is directed toward the outside world.

KINDS OF EMOTIONS

1.Personal emotionsRefer to and center around the self, and their central emphasis is the personal welfare of the individual.

2. Social emotions

Center around the nonselfish and

benevolent aspects of man’s nature.

3. Intellectual and Aesthetics

emotions

Are based on higher needs and

depend to a large extent on education.

HABIT

The term habit has been

derived from the Latin verb habere

which means “to have,” that is, to

acquire something which one did

not have originally.

Habit is an acquired mode of

behavior; that is, it is a learned

reaction, involving the tendency to

repeat and to reproduce certain

actions and frequently and

consistently; that is, to act in the

same general way under the same

or similar circumstances.