the seven old quality control tools
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THE SEVEN OLD QU LITY CONTROL TOOLS
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7 OLD QCT
Cause-and-effect diagram (also known as
the " f ishbone" or Ish ikawa diagram)
Check sheet
Control chart
Histogram
Pareto chart
Scatter diagram
Stratification (alternately, f low chart o r run
chart)
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CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAM
FISHBONE DIAGRAM)
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WHEN TO USE A FISHBONE DIAGRAM
When identifying possible causes for aproblem.
Especially when a teams thinking tends to
fall into ruts
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CHECK SHEET
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WHEN TO USE A CHECK SHEET
When data can be observed and collected repeatedlyby the same person or at the same location.
When collecting data on the frequency or patterns ofevents, problems, defects, defect location, defect
causes, etc. When collecting data from a production process.
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CONTROL CHART
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WHEN TO USE A CONTROL CHART
When controlling ongoing processes by finding andcorrecting problems as they occur.
When predicting the expected range of outcomesfrom a process.
When determining whether a process is stable (instatistical control).
When analyzing patterns of process variation fromspecial causes (non-routine events) or commoncauses (built into the process).
When determining whether your quality improvementproject should aim to prevent specific problems or tomake fundamental changes to the process.
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STRATIFICATION
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WHEN TO USE STRATIFICATION
Before collecting data.
When data come from several sources orconditions, such as shifts, days of the week,suppliers or population groups.
When data analysis may require separatingdifferent sources or conditions
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HISTOGRAM
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WHEN TO USE A HISTOGRAM
When the data are numerical. When you want to see the shape of the datas
distribution, especially when determining whether theoutput of a process is distributed approximatelynormally.
When analyzing whether a process can meet thecustomers requirements.
When analyzing what the output from a suppliersprocess looks like.
When seeing whether a process change has occurredfrom one time period to another.
When determining whether the outputs of two ormore processes are different.
When you wish to communicate the distribution of
data quickly and easily to others.
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PARETO CHART
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WHEN TO USE A PARETO CHART
When analyzing data about the frequency
of problems or causes in a process.
When there are many problems or causes
and you want to focus on the most
significant.
When analyzing broad causes by looking
at their specific components.
When communicating with others about
your data
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SCATTER DIAGRAM
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WHEN TO USE A SCATTER DIAGRAM
When you have paired numerical data.
When your dependent variable may have multiplevalues for each value of your independent variable.
When trying to determine whether the two variablesare related, such as
When try ing to ident i fy potent ial root causes o f
problems.
After brainsto rm ing causes and effects u sing a
fishbone diagram , to determine ob ject ively whether apartic ular cause and effect are related.
When determ ining whether two effects that appear to
be related both occu r with the same cause.
When test ing fo r autoc orrelation before constru ct inga control chart.
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QUERIES
???.....
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TH NK YOU
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