the swedish waste management system
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The Swedish Waste Management System
Part 1
SwedenAvfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management
Sweden
9,4 million inhabitants
450 000 km2
Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management
An organisation in the Waste Management and Recycling Sector
400 members, primarily within the public sector, but also private enterprises
Through our members, we represent 99,9 % of the Swedish population
Our primary task is to represent and develop members by
• creating networks,
• providing information and training,
• and influencing decision-makers
Member of Cewep, ECN, ISWA and Municipal Waste Europe
Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management
Our members
•are responsible for municipal waste management
•provide services for other waste categories
•represent an important part of the infrastructure in the society
We – together - are aiming towards an environmentally
correct and sustainable waste management, for the benefit of
society
Part 2
Waste – a ResourceThe Development
ResponsibilitiesOperations
Waste - a resource
Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2011 (%)
LandfillEnergy recoveryBiological treatmentRecycling (material)
Waste hierarchy
Unique results
Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 20100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Recycling (material)Biological treatmentEnergy recoveryLandfill
The development
Important steps of development
Late 1800:Cholera-epidemic - start of municipal waste management
1950’s: District heating systems developed
1970’s and 80’s:Oil crises - waste is being used for district heating
Municipal waste planning compulsory
Important steps of development
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Producers’ responsibility introduced
Landfill taxintroduced
Ban on landfill of combustible waste
Ban on landfill of organic waste and national target on food waste
Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes)
On-going national overview
Clear division of responsibilities
Producers: • Collection and treatment
of waste within the Producers Responsibility
Waste generator:• Citizens/households: Separation and leave/transport
waste at indicated collection points• Companies/Industries: Handling of own generated
waste
Municipalities:• Collection and treatment of
municipal waste • Information to households
Parliament/GovernmentSupervisory Authorities
Authorities and agenciesNational level Parliament
National environmental targets The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
National waste plan Produces national legislation and guidelines
National environmental courts (5 plus one superior): Gives permissions to larger treatment plants
Regional level County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties):
Regional environmental targets Permissions and control for most treatment plants Supervision of the regional treatment capacity
Municipal level Municipal authorithies:
Local enviroenmental targets Local waste plans and regulations Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants
Operations
Municipalities deal with their responsibility in different ways and design their own waste management organisation
Administration: Almost 50% have formed municipal waste
management companies
Collection of municipal waste: 30% inhouse operation 70% contract to private operators
Treatment of municipal waste: 35% inhouse operation 65% contract to other operators, mainly municipally owned
Co-operation
Co-operation – the solution to an increasingly complex waste management:
• Optimizing environmental and social benifit
• Handle the waste in a cost-effecient way
• Securing competence
Part 3
Overview ModelInfrastructure
CollectionRecovery and Recycling
Overview model
Housholds or companies
Waste prevention
Collection and transportRecycling stationsRecycling centers
Curbside collection
MaterialrecyclingBiological recycling
Energy recoveryLandfill
New products:Biogas, new materials,
district heating, electricity, bio-fertilizer
Public awarness - a success factor
Key messages and tools for motivation and to facilitate collaboration:
– Communication– Development of self instructive systems– Feed back of the results and that ”what I do
matters”– Emphasize on the waste holders
responsibility and participation
Waste prevention in Sweden
99 % material recycling or energy recovery today more focus on waste prevention
Information, knowledge and behaviour success factors Long tradition of reuse through flymarkets, second hand,
collection at recycling parks, etc Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste
and economic growth
Generated household waste in Sweden is predicted to double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA)Generated waste world wide is predicted to rise with 72 % 2010-2025(What a Waste-A global review of Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)
Infrastructure
Collection of waste from households based on source separation Curb side collection 630 manned drop-off recycling centers 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off
stations
Treatment and recycling of waste based on the charcter of the waste 58 organic waste facilities 32 waste to energy plants 79 landfills
Recycling centers
Recycling and treatment
Different treatment methods depending on the character of the waste,makes it possible to use the waste as a resource
Combustible wasteFood waste Materials
New products District heatingBiofertilizerBiogas Electricity
Production of biogas and bio-fertilizer
The most increasing treatment method
Energy recovery by the production of biogas used as a vehicle-fuel
Recycling of nutritions to farming-land by the production of bio-fertilizer
Source separation and quality assurance key words
During 2011, 322 GWh vehicle-fuel was produced from foodwaste replacing about 30 millions liters of petrol. 600,000 tonnes fertilizer is replaced with biofertilizer yearly in Sweden.
Generation of district heating and electricity
Covers around 20 % of the total district heating in Sweden, equals the needs of 900 000 homes
Produces electricity corresponding to the needs of 250 000 homes
Advanced and secure flue gas treatment
Most of the rest-products can be recycled
Total energy production 2011:District heating: 13,5 TWhElectricity: 2 TWh(including industral waste)
Efficient and clean waste incineration
From landfills to modern recycling facilities
(Illustrator: Per Josefsson)
An integrated part of a holistic system
Products
Material recycling
Waste
Incineration
Landfill
Vehicle fuel
Biogas Cooling/ heating production
Biosolids
Farms
Sewage water cleaning
Anaerobic digestion
Electricity productionOther fuels
Households
Part 4
Waste EconomyMeans of ControlSuccess Factors
Vision and Long Term Goals
Waste economy
Municipal waste: All costs covered by
municipal waste fees (not by taxes)
Tariffs decided by each municipal board
Non-profit Allowed to be differentiated
to encourage source separation for recycling
Municipal waste within producers’ responsibility: Costs covered by a
fee added to the price of every product
Waste fee
Average yearly fee per household 2011:
• Houses: 240 EUR• Flats: 150 EUR
Average daily fee per household
Costs for municipal waste management
Cost for municipal waste management, 2010, average
Curb side collec-tion, resudial waste
32%
Treatment, resudial waste22%
Recycling centers, including haz-ardous waste
29%
Curb side col-lection, bulky
waste1%
Administration and information
14%
Others4%
Means of control
Environmental objectives Government regulations, bans, and taxes, for
example: Tax on landfilling (since 2000) Ban on landfilling of combustible waste since 2002 Ban on landfilling of organic waste since 2005
Differentiated municipal waste tariffs Municipal waste planning
and regulations Information and
communication
Important success factors
Waste management is a public service Clear division of roles and
responsibilities enable necessary investments
Clear national environmental targets showing the direction
Long-term regulations and economical steering instruments
Co-operation between municipalities Co-operation within municipalites
(Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements)
Collaboration between public and private sectors
Focus on communication and public engagement
Avfall Sverige’s vision
BNP
Economic growth
Generated waste
Zero waste!
Long-term goals until 2020:
Decoupling between generated waste and economic growth
Strong upward movement in waste hierarchy
Part 5
Waste Management on Export – A new Swedish Platform
Aim with the new platform
To facilitate the export of Swedish knowledge about
waste management, products and services within
the waste sector, through cooperation among municipalities, municipal companies and the private sector.
A strategy based on cooperation
Swedish waste management- municipalities- municipal companies- private companies (technology suppliers and knowledge suppliers)
One strong platform with a unique combination of competences
What we are doing
Defining offers to form a product catalogue Making an inventory of resources matching the offers Developing business models for co-operation between municipalities and companies in order to be able to form the strongest offer Preparing a routine for canalize and asset incoming requests Taking part in pilot projects in different countries to be able to further develop our models and routines
Offers
Questions
1. ”How do we find the form/organisation to achieve what we want with our waste management system?”
2. ”How should we form our waste management system on an overview level?”
3. ”We are in the need of treatment capacity, but we do not have the funds or time to prioritize to build up all capacity right now”
Matching offers
Management on local, regional and cluster level: Co-operation, organization, waste economy, tax fee construction, etc
Waste management in sustainable urban development: System design, waste planning, solutions for collection- and sorting systems
Providing treatment capacity (incluing solutions for logistics) as a transfer solution.
Offers
Questions
4. ”We know what we want to build, but we need support in setting up the plant/facility.”
5. ”We have got a plant/ facility. But we want to improve in running and maintain it, and get the most out of it.”
6. ”We want to reach the public, the decision makers or other stakeholders with our message.”
7. ”We want to train our personnel.”
Matching offers Setting up different waste
facilities: Financing possibilities, feasibility studies, procurement, construction, etc
Operation, support and optimization of different waste facilities
Communication and campaigns (raise awareness)
Training courses overseas or in Sweden, offer internship possibilities.
Swedish Waste Management on Export
Project leader:Jenny Åströmjenny.astrom@avfallsverige.se+46-70-5136612
Working group chair:Thomas Nylundthomas.nylund@gastrikeatervinnare.se+46-26-178489
avfallsverige.se/in-english/waste-management-on-export/
Contact and information
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