methane emission from swedish biogas plants...(food waste) almost all avfall sverige plants have...
TRANSCRIPT
Methane Emission from Swedish Biogas Plants Magnus Andreas Holmgren, [email protected], 2014-09-04
BACKGROUND
BIOGAS IN SWEDEN
4 STRONG REASONS Environment
Economy
Safety
Goodwill
- show that the sector acts responsibly
- to be pro-active
THE ”VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT” SYSTEM Launched 2007
Methane only
Focus on Municipal Waste Treatment plants (food waste)
Almost all Avfall Sverige plants have joined
+ a few other plants (waste water treatment)
The Swedish Waste Management Association
DESCRIPTION OF VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT
SYSTEM SET-UP
Systematic leak detection
Quantification of emission sources (every 3 years)
Plant sets target for emission
Plant takes measures to reach the target
Plant reports to Avfall Sverige
Avfall Sverige presents statistics
WHAT THE SYSTEM IS NOT
It is voluntary
There are no limit values
There are no sanctions
System boundaries, gas production plant
Biogas plant
Liquid waste
Digestate
Recieving tank
Hygienisation
Mixing tank
Digester
Torch
Bolier/Gas motor/ Upgrading plant
Pretreatment
unit
Digestate
tank
Dewatering
Digestate
storage
Solid waste
System boundaries, gas upgrading plant
Biogas
pipeline
Propane addition
Compression
Hydrogen
sulphide
removal
Drying
Odorising
Upgrading plant
Gas grid
Off gas
PERFORMED QUANTIFICATIONS
2007-2009
18 gas production plants
20 gas upgrading plants
2010-2012
19 gas production plants
26 gas upgrading plants
Results 2007-2012, Gas production plants
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1A 1B* 1C 1D* 1E* 1F 1G 2A* 2B 2C 2D* 2E* 2F* 2G* 2H 2I* 2J* 2K 2L* 2M*
Met
anfö
rlu
st (
%)
Övrigt Rötrest
Waste Water Food Waste
1,9 % 1,8 %
Results 2007-2012, Gas upgrading plants
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 1G 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 3A 3B 3C 3D 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 4G 4H 4I 4J 4K 4L 4M
Met
anfö
rlu
st (
%)
Ventilation
Gasanalys
Restgas
1. Chemical scrubber
2. End-of-pipe
3. PSA
4. Water scrubber
0,2 % 1,0 % 2,5 % 2,0 %
1,4 %
SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
EU RED Directive
Biogas used as vehicle fuel is covered
The production chain needs to fulfil set sustainability criterias
GHG emission savings (LCA):
All plants from April 2013: 35 %
All plants from January 2017: 50 %
New plants from 2018: 60 %
(% better than the fossil reference case)
CALCULATION TOOL
Default values for methane loss (when measurements have not been done)
Upper quartile of results 2007-2012:
2,5 % gas production plant
2,1 % gas upgrading plant
These default values give the result
ca 56 % emission savings
MEASUREMENT METHODS
MEASUREMENT METHODS
EN/ISO standards
- CH4 with FID/Cutter or GC
- Gas flow
Measurements Handbook
Open Area Sources Covered (not gastight) storages
METHANE CONCENTRATION
Cutter is not used on upgrading plants Leak detector is OK to use on small emissions
FLOW Fan data can be used
Default values in Handbook
0
35
70
105
140
175
210
245
280
315
350
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
14:35 14:45 14:55
Re
stg
as
flö
de (N
m3
/h)
Me
tan
ha
lt (p
pm
)
Metanhalt Restgasflöde
PSA
WATER SCRUBBER (water release)
OPEN AREA SOURCES
COVERED (not gastight) STORAGES
THE FUTURE
THE ”VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT” SYSTEM Waste water treatment plants
- How can we get more WWT plants to join?
- Data available from ca 10 of 130 biogas plants
Farm plants
- A “methane reduction state aid” has been suggested
- Demand for some type of leak detection/measurement?
Methane Emission from Swedish Biogas Plants Magnus Andreas Holmgren, [email protected], 2014-09-04