things=matter=anything that has mass or takes up space
Post on 13-Dec-2015
219 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
States of matter
Organized according to how particles in that matter behave (or move around).
• How does it move?• Does it have shape?• Does it have definite volume?
GAS
• It flows.• Takes on the shape of its container• Has NO definite volume-takes on the
shape of its container.
Why do they behave this way?
Amount of space between the particles.
A simple comparison b/w states and fans at a ball game:
• Solid – close – in your seats• Liquid – further – moving around the
stadium• Gas – far – parking lot before & after game
October 11, 2010: “C” Day
Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.
Do now: What is a compound? Is this a mixture?
Today:1)Check in Classification of Matter Handout2)Go over Solubility Chart POGIL3)Classification of Matter Notes
Today:1)Check in Classification of Matter Handout2)Go over Solubility Chart POGIL3)Classification of Matter Notes
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Classification of Matter Activity Tomorrow
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Classification of Matter Activity Tomorrow
Physical properties
can be seen (observed by senses) alters a substance w/o changing its
composition
Physical change
• the original substance still exists, it has only changed in form (size, shape, phase)
Physical changes: in the lab
• Indicators that a physical change has taken place: dissolve, tear, grind, cut, melt, freeze, evaporate
Chemical properties & change
• Property: how a substance reacts with something else
• Change: a new substance is produced
results in the rearrangement of atoms so that new substance has a new set ofproperties eg: H2O
Chemical changes: in the lab
– precipitate forms– gas released (bubbles) – color change– odor – energy change occurs (exothermic or
endothermic)
Concept of irreversibility
October 12, 2010: “D” Day
Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.
Do now: What is a suspension? How is this different from a solution?
Today:1)Complete Classification of Matter Notes2)Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities
Today:1)Complete Classification of Matter Notes2)Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow - 2.2 & 2.3 Section Reviews
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow - 2.2 & 2.3 Section Reviews
October 13, 2010: “E” Day
Objective: To identify the difference between pure substances and mixtures.
Do now: Classifying the following (using your chart): pond water, kool-aid, sugar, & gold
Today:1.Complete and Turn in Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities2.Read 2.2 & 2.3 and complete Section Reviews
Today:1.Complete and Turn in Chromatography & Classification of Matter Activities2.Read 2.2 & 2.3 and complete Section Reviews
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow – Matter, Mixtures, and Solubility Review
Announcements:1)Test Friday2)Tomorrow – Matter, Mixtures, and Solubility Review
Classification of Matter
Colloid ColloidSolutionSolutionSuspensionSuspension
OtherOther
On the periodic table, all atoms the same
Have a chemical formula, set ratio of atoms that cannot be separated by physical means
Matter can be...• Substance
– you can write a chemical formula for them (from the PT)
– cannot be easily separated (NaCl or H2O)
ELEMENT: located on Periodic Table; cannot be separated into simpler substances (Fe)
COMPOUND/MOLECULE: 2 or more elements chemically combined; present in same ratio (H20 and H2O2)
Matter can be...
• Mixture1. physical blend of 2 or more substances2. easily separated (salad)
HOMOGENEOUS: same throughout (Hershey Bar, Milk)
HETEROGENEOUS: different throughout (Snickers Bar, Orange Juice w/ Pulp)
Common solutions:
Aircarbon dioxide and oxygen in nitrogengas-gasBrass - Alloy!Copper and zinc metalsSolid-solidVinegaracetic acid in waterliquid-liquid
What is an alloy?
• Metallic mixture of two or more elements (at least one is a metal)
• made by melting the elements then mixing and cooling them
• Hetero or homogeneous? HOMOGENEOUS
What is an alloy?
• Some examples:– Brass = copper + zinc– Bronze = copper + tin– Steel = several different elements
More Mixtures
• Colloids – Homogeneous– SMALL PARTICLES!!! SIMILAR TO SOLUTION. – USE TYNDALL EFFECT – light beam passes thru
solution, light scatters COLLOID• Suspensions
– LARGE PARTICLES (SNOW GLOBE, SALAD DRESSING)
Separate Mixtures
• Filtration – separates based on particle size.• Chromatography – separated based on
solubility – how well something dissolved in another.
• Distillation – utilizes boiling points to separate components of mixture.
• Centrifuge - separates based on differences in densities.
Did you notice...
1. All elements with single letter symbols are capitalized
2. Two letter symbols are CAPITAL then small
3. Aluminum = Al (symbol relates to name)4. Some symbols are named after Greek or
Latin roots (p. 17 in your book) and next slide
Some examples:
• Tin: Sn from the Latin stannum• Tungsten: W from the Latin wolfram• Lead: Pb from the Latin plumbum• Iron: Fe from the Latin ferrum
Understanding the PT
• Groups are VERTICAL (#1-18)• Periods are HORIZTONAL (#1-7)
• Atomic number: # p+ or e-, above symbol• Average atomic mass: amu or g/mole, below
symbol– Mole: like the word “dozen”, is used to represent
a fixed quantity of atoms or mol. 6.02x1023
top related