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10/15/2019
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Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
For Next Class on Space Weather: Read Chapter 14, Sections 14.1 and 14.3 in Cosmic Perspective.
Today’s Class: How to Design a NASA Space Science Mission: FARSIDE
Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
Results for Exam #1
Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
Clicker Question: An Observatory in space could in principle detect
a) Visible light
b) X-rays
c) Radio waves
d) Far infrared light
e) All of the above
Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
Clicker Question: An Observatory in space could in principle detect
a) Visible light
b) X-rays
c) Radio waves
d) Far infrared light
e) All of the above
Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
Start with a good science idea!
The Dark Agesand Cosmic Dawn
Magnetospheres and Space Environments of
Habitable Planets
Simulation: Marcelo Alvarez
Need good science ideas!
10/15/2019
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Young Mars was warmer and wetter
Mars atmosphere removed by coronal mass ejections from the young Sun (Jakosky et al. 2015)
- Flares – higher X-ray and ultraviolet radiation flux –> heating results in extended thermospheres (Lammer et al. 2003)
- Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – higher stellar wind flux –> can erode atmosphere – eg. ion pick-up erosion (Kulikov 2007)
Magnetic activity can redefine habitability!
The M Dwarf Opportunity
Rocky planets are particularly frequent around M dwarfs (Dressing & Charbonneau 2013, 2015)
The nearest “habitable” planet likely orbits an M dwarf within about 10 light years
Temperature
Astronomy 2020 – Space Astronomy & Exploration
Class ExerciseWhat do you think the impact is on the probability of life on a planet as its parent star is more active?
Chandra X-ray image of the Sun
10/15/2019
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Credit: Chuck Carter / Caltech
Low Frequency Radio Emission
Auroral radio emissionmeasures magnetic fields
Type II radio bursts traces density at CME shock
Paradigm Shift
23Surface Telerobotics
The First Half-Billion Years
z=1100
z~20-30
z~6
The First StarsM. Norman, B. O’Shea et al.
The Dark Ages
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Requirements
Need
Need many km2 of collecting area…
in space…
that can monitor 1000s of stellar systems simultaneously
EASY!
RAE-2 occultation of Earth in 1972
Radio-frequency Environment of the Lunar Farside
FARSIDE Probe Study
- Science Drivers: The Magnetospheres and Space Environments of Candidate Habitable
ExoplanetsThe Dark Ages and our Cosmic Dawn
- Assumptions:i) Lunar Gateway in operation (available as a communication relay)ii) $1 billion cost cap and 500 kg mass cap [for deployed hardware]
- Timeline:Nov 2018: Directed probe study commencedMar 2019: Overall architecture selected [Team X]Apr 2019: Follow up mission and instrument studies plannedJun 2019: Initial report completedOct 2019: Engineering Concept Definition Package
The OVRO-LWA
Monitors ~4,000 stellar/planetary systems out to 25 pc
OVRO-LWA - 25-85 MHz, 10-second integrations Anderson et al. 2018
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FARSIDE Configuration
10
km
Power: 2 x EMMRTGs
Base StationCorrelator
PowerTelecom
Command and Data Handling
128 antennas total
Arranged in a “petal” configuration
16 antennas per spoke (20 kg)
Calibration via orbiting beacon
Science Data
Frequency range: 0 – 25 MHz (1400 channels)Integration time: 60 s
All visibilities: 65 GB/dayAll-sky imaging every 60 seconds (Stokes I and V)
Deep all-sky imaging every lunar day
FARSIDE Antenna Node
39
ROVER TELEOPERATION via Virtual & Augmented Reality
Need a Good Team!
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Cost Estimation
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