types of powers legislative – establish laws executive – carry out the laws judicial –...
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Types of powers
• Legislative – establish laws
• Executive – carry out the laws
• Judicial – interpret laws and settles disputes - Examples?
Where are the powers outlined?
• The Constitution – body of fundamental laws.
– Examples?
Democracy vs. Dictatorship
Democracy - ultimate authority for exercise of powers are held by a majority (of the people)
Dictatorship – authority held by a single person
The State (Nation or Country)
• Over the course of history the state has emerged as the dominant political unit in the world - as compared to cities, counties, districts, etc…
• Can you think of some states? List 3 or 4:
Characteristics of the state (nation/country)
• A. Population – lots to little -
ex: oil rig
• B. Territory – recognized boundaries
• C. Sovereignty – supreme and absolute power within own territory
• D. Government – organized
What do you think?
Discuss among yourselves how states (nations) were first created!!
Major Political Ideas of the Origin of the State
• Natural Law – humans living in a state of nature – if govt. didn’t exist
• The Force Theory – state was born of force• The Evolutionary Theory – developed out of
early family• The Divine Right Theory – God created the state
and gave those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule
• The Social Contract Theory – Thomas Hobbes – state arose out of a voluntary act of free people. The Declaration of Independence used this theory. (T. J.)
The purpose of Government
• 6 purposes/functions of the government.
– Form a more perfect union
– Establish justice
– Insure domestic tranquility
– Provide for common defense
– Promote the general welfare
– Secure the blessings of liberty
CHAPTER 1 SEC. 2CHAPTER 1 SEC. 2
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
CLASSIC FORMS OF GOV’T.CLASSIC FORMS OF GOV’T.
• Feudalism – the dominant political system in medieval Europe, local Lords bound to a king by loyalty (usually beneficial to both)
• Classic Republic – representative democracy in which a small group of elected leaders represent the concerns of the electorate. Ex: Greek city-states
• Absolute Monarchy – King or Queen holds absolute power (control) of the military and the gov’t.
Ex: Saudi Arabia
• Authoritarianism – an individual or group has unlimited authority, no effective restraint on the government exist. Ex. Communist Russia, Cuba or China
• Despotism – rule by a despot (person with absolute power). No Restraint of Power.
Ex: Saddam Hussein / Iraq
• Liberal Democracy – Based on protection of the individual rights and freedom by consent of the governed; protects individual rights from tyranny.
• Totalitarianism – Gov’t. that attempts to control all facets of citizens lives.
DICTATORSHIPDICTATORSHIP
• Oldest and certainly most common form of gov’t. known to history. Exist where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people they rule.
• Gov’t is not accountable for it’s actions.
AUTOCRACYAUTOCRACY
• Gov’t. in which a single person (despot) holds unlimited political power.
OLIGARCHYOLIGARCHY
• Gov’t in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually, self-appointed elite or group.
• In all dictatorships, those in power hold absolute and unchallengeable authority.
• Modern Ex: Fascist Italy (1922-1943) Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Soviet Union (1917-1980s)
UNITARY GOVERNMENTUNITARY GOVERNMENT
• Centralized gov’t. where all powers are held by a central agency.
• Ex: Great Britain and their Parliament.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENTFEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• Powers are divided between a “central” gov’t. and several local governments.
• Operates on a “division of powers”.
• Ex: United States of America
CONFEDERATIONCONFEDERATION
• An alliance of independent nations, ruled by a central organization with representation from each nation.
• Usually holds limited powers over military and foreign commerce.
• Ex: European Union
PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
• Executive and Legislative branches of gov’t. are separate, independent to one another and hold equal power.
• Ex: United States of America
PARLIMENTARY PARLIMENTARY GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
• Executive is made up of Prime Minister or Premier and that official’s cabinet.
• The Prime Minister and the cabinet are themselves members of the legislative branch (The Parliament).
• Ex: Great Britain, Canada & Japan
Basic Concepts of Democracy5 notions
• 1. Worth of the individual – fundamental importance of individual – regardless of station in life. At times, the welfare of some is less important than the interests of the many
Examples: paying taxes, stop signs, registering for draft (Military Service).
• 2. Equality of All Persons – equality of opportunity and equality before the law. Not necessarily equality of conditions.
Majority Rule – Minority Rights
• 3. Majority Rule, Minority Rights – democracy argues that a majority of people will be right more often than they are wrong – majority rule restrained by minority rights.
Compromise
• 4. Necessity of Compromise – public decision making is largely a matter of give-and-take among competing interests. Compromise is process of blending and adjusting competing views and interests
examples: Social security compromise
Individual Freedom
• 5. Individual freedom – not complete freedom because could lead to anarchy.
• The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins.
Democracy and the Free Enterprise System
• American economic system often called the free enterprise system:
• 4 fundamental factors:• 1. private ownership• 2. individual initiative• 3. profit• 4. competition
How the System Works
• Free enterprise system – capitalism – private enterprise – market based system are terms used interchangeably
• Decisions about what, how much, price are made by the market (NOT GOVERNMENT) through law of supply and demand.
• Law of supply and demand states when supplies become plentiful, prices drop and vice-versa.
Government and the Free Enterprise System
• Basis of American economic system is free market, but government regulates and promotes. This is called a mixed economy.
• Examples: pure food and drug laws, pollution laws
Chapter 1 Sec. 3Basic Concepts of Democracy
5 Notions• 1. Worth of the individual – fundamental
importance of individual – regardless of station in life. At times, the welfare of some is less important than the interests of the many
Examples: paying taxes, stop signs, registering for draft (Military Service).
• 2. Equality of All Persons – equality of opportunity and equality before the law. Not necessarily equality of conditions.
Majority Rule – Minority Rights
• 3. Majority Rule, Minority Rights – democracy argues that a majority of people will be right more often than they are wrong – majority rule restrained by minority rights.
Compromise
• 4. Necessity of Compromise – public decision making is largely a matter of give-and-take among competing interests. Compromise is process of blending and adjusting competing views and interests
examples: Social security compromise
Individual Freedom
• 5. Individual freedom – not complete freedom because, which could lead to anarchy.
• The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins.
Democracy and the Free Enterprise System
• American economic system often called the free enterprise system:
• 4 fundamental factors:
•1. private ownership
•2. individual initiative
•3. profit
•4. competition
How the System Works
• Free enterprise system – capitalism – private enterprise – market based system are terms used interchangeably
• Decisions about what, how much, price are made by the market (NOT GOVERNMENT) through law of supply and demand.
• Law of supply and demand states when supplies become plentiful, prices drop and vice-versa.
Government and the Free Enterprise System
• Basis of American economic system is free market, but government regulates and promotes. This is called a mixed economy.
• Examples: pure food and drug laws, pollution laws
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