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Unification of Gravity with Electro-Magnetic Phenomena:
GEM
Gravity, g, is Voltage, V
Copyright © Francis V. Fernandes 2009
NPA’s 16th Annual ConferenceStorrs
University of ConnecticutMay 25-29, 2009
• Part 1: Electromagnetism
Defining Field & Flux
• Part 2: Magnetic Flux Quantum, Φ0
Φ0, Exists only at c • Part 3: Anti-Gravity
Electro-magnetic levitation
• Part 4: Gravity
Gravity arises from acceleration of ether
• Part 5: Heat, H
Radiant heat is the energy of 186
Term Current understanding Refurbished ParadigmVoltage, V Potential difference▲ Acceleration
Resistance, R Opposes current flow▲ Velocity per charge or current per unit 186 ether mass
Current, I Electron flow▲ Momentum per coulomb of 1.16×1010 kg ether
Charge, q 1.60217653 × 10-19 C1.0 C
1.86 ×10-9 kg ether 1.16×1010 kg ether
Acceleration due to gravity, g Force per unit mass Voltage
Cross sectional area, A Cross section of a conductor Pi times radius squared times 137
Field Comes into being when mass or charge is introduced▲
Ether is the fabric – 186s
Electric field, E Force per unit charge Current per unit time
Electric flux, ΦE Field, E passing thru area, A Acceleration of 1.16×1010kg/C ether thru area, A
Magnetic field, B A measure of magnetic force per unit charge moving at velocity, v
Current per unit length
Magnetic flux, ΦB Field, B passing thru an area, A Angular momentum of 186
Atomic mass units, AMU Inverse of Avogadro number of particles Mass of a photon cluster
Speed of Light, c Locomotion of photons▲ Speed of an etheric wave front
Von Klitzing constant Resistance measured for super-conductors▲
Velocity of 186 mass for super-conductors
Pressure, P Force upon area Magnetic field, B squared
Heat, H Total KE of a system Energy of 186
Time, t=q/I Charge per unit current Time for current to pass thru a radial distance of the 186 ether
Ether force constant Not defined Force of 186 ether 1.21×1044 N
Voltage is accelerationConsider 511 keV for an electron
Ve
eV
Volts2419
101894.31060217653.1
511000
2415
72872
101894.310817940325.2
10)10998.2(10
r
conAccelerati m/s2
Part 1: ElectromagnetismDefining Field & Flux
The Field
The fabric of ether, comprised of myriads of 186-ether masses, is the field. The radius of each “186-ether mass” is the Boltzmann constant.
The etheric field is a constant ratio,
And the same ether represents charge,
mkg /10346611109.110380668031.1
10859222909.1 2736
9
7-36-9219- 1010380668031.11085922209.110602176537.1
The Field – 2 components
• Electric Field,
• Magnetic Field, r
IB
t
IE
Unity of Voltage, V, and Gravity, g
Consider the data collected from electrolysis of water.
• Current I = 0.068 amps• Time t = 18,000 s
• Equation: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e-
A/s10777777778.318000
068.0 6t
IE
q
FE
196 1060217653.110777777778.3 F
NF 2510052666891.6
27
25
10672622228.1
10052666891.6
m
Fa
866941.361a m/s2
Force of a H-atom
10059382315.2
10534697788.17
11
t
rv
7
2
10
m
qr
727
219
1010672622228.1
)1060217653.1(
r
mr 1810534697788.1
866941.361
10534697788.110 1172
a
rt
st 710059382315.2
510452222254.7 v
10059382315.2
10380668031.17
29
t
rv
smv /10 6.70428225 -23
29
2239
10380668031.1
)1070428225.6(10859222909.1
T
NT 2510052666891.6
The Radius of a Hydrogen Atom
Frequency is the signature for action via field ether at a distance.
Force of 186-ether
14
29
2 10241055521.4
10380668031.1
t
ra
161025548209.3 a
169 1025548209.310859222909.1 amF
NF 2510052666891.6
The force of one hydrogen atom equals that of 186-etheric mass
m/s2
Method 2
2mveVe or
V
mve
22
For 186
2
16
2392
1025548209.3
)1070428225.6(10859222909.1
e
For a Hydrogen Atom
866941.361
)10452222254.7(10672622228.1 25272
e
Note that voltage, V, is acceleration, a
There is No Locomotion of 186
m/s for the 186-ether
m/s for the H-atom
-2310 6.70428225v510452222254.7 v
1823
5
10111561533.11070428225.6
10452222254.7
189
9
10111561533.110859222909.1
10066640667.2
Thus, increase in velocity is not due to velocity increase of 186 but due to mass of contained ether. Frequency is constant.
The ratio of mass of contained ether of a H-atom and the 186-ether
Proof: Resistance, 186
IR
910859222909.1 I
q
vR A/kg
19
23
1060217653.1
1070428225.6
q
vR
410184484125.4 R
910859222909.1
IR
410184484125.4 R
A/kg
A/kg
A/kg
A/kg
2132 )10779888747.7( I
252 10052666891.6 I N
Calculating the Electric Field, t
I
q
FE
qFE /
19
25
1060217653.1
10052666891.6
q
FE
61077777778.3 E N/C
N/C
7
13
10059382315.2
10779888747.7
t
IE
61077777778.3 E
A/s
A/s
Thus Electric Field is current in time.
Current, I, Redefined
Current is now defined as the momentum of one coulomb charge.
One coulomb charge is equivalent toether .
kg1010160435741.1
AI 2310 1070428225.610160435741.1
AI 1310779888747.7
Evidence of Ether
RFE
Input the value for the radiusof a hydrogen atom with radius,
1125 10534697788.110052666891.6 E
3610289014489.9 E362 10289014489.9 vmE
Substitute the velocity, v,
kgv
Em
223
36
2 )1070428225.6(
10289014489.9
kgm 910066641105.2
The ether mass contained within a proton is obtained from the ether constant ratio {ref. 1}.
mkg /10 091.34066111 r
m 27
mkg /10 91.34661110 1081.53469778
1052.06664110 2718-
9
Thus, the existence of ether is proven.
Magnetic field, B, within a Hydrogen AtomThe ratio of current, I, to the radius, r, is proven to be the magnetic field, B.
mAr
IB /
10534697788.1
10779888747.711
13
mAB /10069329485.5 2
smB
Ev /
10069329485.5
10777777.32
6
smv /10452222254.7 5
smt
rv /
10059382315.2
10534697788.17
11
smv /10452222254.7 5
2127
2
10639607605.7)10059382315.2(
18000
Protons
21213
2
10639607605.7)10779888747.7(
068.0
Similarly, the ratio of total current squared passed during electrolysis to the current squared passed thru one proton equals the number of protons discharged at the cathode.
Notice that the ratio of the total time squared for electrolysis and time squared for one proton equals the number of protons discharged at the cathode.
Protons
Electric, E, and Magnetic Field, B, for 186
mAr
IB /
10380668031.1
10779888747.729
13
mAB /1063487281.5 16
smv /1070428225.6 23
Substitute values for the magnetic field, B and velocity, vB
Ev
tAE /1063487281.51070428225.6 1623
tAE /10777777.3 6
t
I
q
FE
Defining Electron Volts eV
RIV as defined by Ohms law
e
vIV
Resistance, R is substituted by velocity, v per unit elementary charge, e.
vIeV
t
rIeV
t
IreV
EreV Thus electron-volts is the electric field, E, times distance, r.
Electric Flux
q
FrEreV
Input values for the classical electron radius, force in couplets {ref.1} and elementary charge,
1915
1060217653.1
05350661.2910817940325.2
eV
9213.510998eV
511keV
The value of 511 keV is the electric field, E, manifesting itself through the radius of an electron. Twice 511 keV is used in experiments for pair production.
2 rr
eV
ΦE = reV 036.137 Rr
Electric flux is the electron volts through half the wavelength distance of a photon, proton or electron
ΦE = E A
ΦE =
The Magnetic Flux, ΦB
vB
E
vReV
vE
B
036.137
Substitute, e with I × t,
vR
t
vItB
036.137
036.137 RIB
Magnetic flux is the current, I, through half the wavelength distance of particles such as a photon, proton or electron.
Part 2: Magnetic Flux Quantum, Φ0
Φ0, Exists only at c
137.036 R I BA
A property of a super current is such that the magnetic flux passing through any area bounded by such a current is quantized. The quantum of magnetic flux is a physical CODATA constant, Φ0, and is independent of the underlying material of the current carrying super conductor.
e
h
20 Wb1510067833636.2
The Ether Force
289 1099792458.210859222909.1 E
810670986218.1 E
RFE
36
8
10380668031.1
10670986218.1
R
EF
NF 4410210273708.1
Cross section of a photon
NF 4410210273708.1
NIsquaredF 744 1010210273708.1 1810478898832.3 I
A
36
18
0 10380668031.1
10478898832.3
AWeber 540 10519721434.2
7010206596204.8 A
036.1372 RA
The Source of Speed of Light, c
18
19
10478898832.3
1060217653.1
I
qt
st 3810605412826.4
38
29
10605412826.4
10380668031.1
t
rc
smc /1099792458.2 8
The Von Klitzing Constant
If we consider the wavelength of 186,
38
33
10605412826.4
10188786353.1
t
v
smt
v /80761.25812
036.1372 r
036.13710380668031.12 36
m3310188786353.1
Part 3: Anti-GravityElectro-magnetic levitation
Place a 0.50 m horizontal section of conductor with a mass of 8.00g at 90 degrees to a 0.400 T magnetic field.
The weight of the conductor,
The magnetic force on the conductor is, F = BIL Sin θ
Nkg
NkgF 0784.0
8.9008.0
9050.040.00784.0 SinmITN
AI 392.0
So, current, I, of 0.392 A is required to flow through the 0.50m conductorplaced 90 degrees to the magnetic field, B, of strength 0.40 T for a levitation effect. [This is conventional understanding]
Let us consider current generated by the magnetic field, B, of
0.4 T on 0.5m length of the conductor. A 0.2 m 0.5 T 0.4 I
Method 1: Current Squared & Gravitation2I Fgrav
N 0.0784 kg
N 9.8 kg 0.008 F
A 0.2 A 0.392 N 0.0784
So, current, I, of 0.392 A is required to flow through the 0.50m conductorplaced 90 degrees to the magnetic field, B, of strength 0.40 T for a levitation effect. [This is conventional understanding]
A magnetic field, B, contributes 0.2 A and additional input current of 0.392 A is the reason for levitation.
[Reason for levitation]
Method 2: Magnetic field & Gravitation
L
I B
0.7840.5
0.392 B Input field
A/m 0.4 B External field
0.3136 0.4 0.784 B2
0.56A/m B
0.28 0.5 0.56 L B I
N 0.0784 0.282 I2
Method 3: Acceleration & Gravitation
If 0.392 A current is present within 0.008 kg mass of a conductor, then we can check how much is present over 186 mass of ether.
9-186
1091.85922290
I
0.008
0.392
A-8186 10 49.11019225 I
9-
2-8
1091.85922290
)10 54(9.1101922 V
610463994204.4 V
9-
22
1091.85922290
0.2
m
I V
710151436485.2 V
710 52.15143648
6-10 44.46399420
2(9.8)
[Levitation in terms of acceleration]
m/s2
m/s2
The uniform magnetic field, B of 0.4 T produces a force of 0.04N or a current of 0.2 A, by the acceleration of 186.
NF 79 10151436485.210859222909.1
NF 04.0
N 0.04 A 0.2 I Force, 222
2
-297
t
1011.38066803 1052.15143648a
1119-
-29
10723490521.11088.01088264
1011.38066803 v
AmvI 1110 10723490521.110160435741.1 AI 2.0
Thus, current is the momentum of one coulomb charge
Acceleration, a due to gravity, g is voltage, V
2s
m Volts a g
Part 4: GravityGravity arises from acceleration of ether
The ether mass contained within a proton is shown to accelerate at 9.8 m/s2.
The ether mass contained within a proton is obtained from the ether constant ratio {ref. 1}.
mkg /10 091.34066111 r
m 27
27-18 10 91.34661110 10 91.53469779 m
kg 10 52.06664110 m 9
Proof
[the ether mass]
-182 10 1.5347 9.8 r a v
sm /10 13.87814884 v -9
-910 10 13.87814884 10 11.16043574 I
4A45.0034252 I
N 32025.30828 I2
N1072 10 32.02530828 N 10 I F
9.8
10 32.02530828
a
F M
10
kg 10 52.06664110 M 9
Part 5: Heat, HRadiant heat is the energy of 186
tRIH 2
74213 10059382315.210184484125.4)10779888747.7( H
CJH /10215857007.5 35
22310 )1070428225.6(10160435741.1 H
CJH /10215857007.5 35
q
vH
2910859222909.1
Problem
At 300 Kelvin, the speed of hydrogen gas is measured by experiment to be 1927.31 meters per second and demonstrates the kinetic theory of gases formula to be correct.
Tkvm 32
30010380668031.1331.192710672622216.12 23227
2mveVe
2
2710
e
vmaV
2227 1
31.192710672622216.12e
V
2/10840723482.4 11 sma
NF 90010840723482.410859222909.1 119
KF 3003
Newly Derived Formulae
• Magnetic flux,
• Cross section area of an electron/photon,
• Electric Field, Magnetic Field,
• Electron volts,
• Light speed,
• Von Klitzing constant, due to 186,
137.036 R I BA
137.036 R A 2
t
I E
r
IB
rEeV
smt
rc /
10605412826.4
10380668031.138
29
smt
v /80761.2581210605412826.4
10188786353.138
33
kgAm
/I
R
CJq
vHHeat /10859222909.1,
29
2s
m Volts a g
forceFI ,2
essurePrA
F
r
IB
2
22
Resistance,
The proton radius, m-1110 91.53469779
Acceleration due to gravity,
Significance-Everyday Lives
• Ablation of Cells - Microbial & Cancer
• Real Time ECG
• Frontier Energy - Levitation
Acknowledgements
• Thanks to the NPA judges for precious time spent to evaluate this work and ask questions that lead to deeper insights.
• Thanks to David Hilster for the video connections across the globe.
• Thanks to Mediclone Biotech, Chennai for support in my endeavor to ablate pathogenic microbes and cancer cells.
• Thanks to Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Chennai for the interaction with scientists during the international conference on sensor technology.
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