unit 3 lesson 5 ratification of the...
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WARM UP
① You need a pencil/pen
② We will watch Peanuts This is America on the U.S. Constitution
③ Answer the questions that correlate with the video
THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
I. Popular Sovereignty – supreme power rests with and only with the people
II. The people are in charge of their own government
A. Some parts of the Constitution go against popular sovereignty i. Electoral College chooses the president,
not popular vote ii. State Legislatures chose the Senate, not
popular vote a. Later changed to direct popular election by 17th
Amendment
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
II. Limited Government A. Also called constitutionalism, and rule of law B. Government is not all-powerful (can’t do anything
they want) C. Powers government has and doesn’t have are listed
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
III. Separation of Powers A. U.S.A. uses a presidential government,
where the executive, judicial and legislative branches are chosen separately
B. Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities
C. Keeps one person or persons from becoming too powerful in the USA
i. The USA is afraid of tyranny and strong governments
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
IV. Checks and Balances A. Each branch is not
totally independent of the others
B. They have powers to override each other when necessary
C. Each branch can control the other so that no one branch is too powerful
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
V. Judicial Review A. Courts may determine
whether or not what the President or Congress does is Constitutional
B. If court declares an
act unconstitutional, the act is not a law, and the decision cannot be overridden
THE SIX BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
VI. Federalism A. The national government is given certain powers
by the Constitution B. Whatever is left is a power for the states to use C. National and state governments are given certain
powers to ensure that neither becomes too powerful
I. Constitutional Convention ended Sept. 17, 1787 – on 39 men of 55 ultimately signed the Constitution
II. Under A of C – all 13 states had to agree, but
the delegates decided after 9 agreed, those agreeing states would adopt the Constitution
III. Convention men going over the heads of Congress and states.
IV. The Constitution had to be ratified (approved) before it became the law of the land!
END OF THE CONVENTION
THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
I. Each state hold special convention in order to vote on constitution
II. State delegates elected by people
III. Ratification of Constitution required the approval of 9 states.
IV. Purpose: A. Bypass state legislatures who would oppose it since
Constitution reduced power of states B. Gave framers time to campaign for delegates in
their states who would support ratification
THE PROCESS
FEDERALISTS VS. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
I. Supporters of the constitution
II. Insisted division of powers/system of checks and balances would protect US from the tyranny of centralized authority
III. Wanted a strong central government
FEDERALISTS
I. Those who opposed a strong central government, and were against a Constitution
II. Countered with list of possible abuses of power of a strong central Gov.:
A. Would serve the interests of the privileged minority B. Would ignore rights of the majority C. Doubted a single Gov. could manage the affairs of a
large country D. Constitution’s lack of protection for individual rights E. Felt states lost a lot of power
III. Supported the A of C & states rights
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
I. Non-Supporters of the Constitution
A. rural areas i. saw little benefit in a strong
government that might add to their tax burden.
B. Large states and those with strong economies (ie. NY) i. because had greater
freedom under the Articles of Confederation
II. Leading Non-Supporters
A. Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, Richard Henry Lee
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
I. Supporters of Constitution:
A. urban centers (merchants, skilled workers, laborers) i. saw the benefit of a national
gov. that could control trade B. small states and those with
weak economies i. because central gov. could
protect their interests
II. Leading Supporters: A. George Washington B. James Madison
FEDERALISTS
I. Both sides campaigned on subject of Constitution
II. Attempting to get the public to support their position on the Constitution
III. Used newspapers to get their views across
IV. 2 Leading Documents:
THE CAMPAIGN IN THE NEWSPAPERS
I. Pro- Constitution Writings
II. 85 essays in NY newspapers 1787-1788
III. Published by signature “Publius”
IV. Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
V. Provided an analysis and explanation of the Constitution
VI. Influential & convinced many that the Constitution was needed
FEDERALIST PAPERS
I. Anti-Constitution
II. written by Richard Henry Lee
III. Insisted rights of individuals needed to be protected
IV. Argued that a strong government in the USA would be like Great Britain.
LETTERS FROM THE FEDERAL FARMER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
THE 1ST AMENDMENT
I. Freedom of Religion A. Establishment Clause – government cannot
establish a religion B. Free Exercise Clause – government cannot
prohibit you from practicing religion
II. Freedom of Speech III. Freedom of the Press IV. Right to Assembly V. Right to Petition
I. Since Constitution weakened states’ power, they needed something in Central Gov. to protect Individual Rights
II. Despite Federalist arguments, they yielded
III. A Bill of Rights was added to protect individual rights of American citizens…
A. The Federalists get their strong government B. The Anti-Federalist get their rights protected
REASONS FOR CALL FOR BILL OF RIGHTS
I. First State to Ratify – Delaware – Dec. 1787
II. New Hampshire 9th state to ratify = constitution is passed
III. NY,VA, NC, and RI had not yet voted A. Needed NY and VA to legitimize the Constitution
RATIFICATION
I. Heated debate in VA, but support of GW, JM brought Federalist victory in June 1788
II. NY ratified on July 26, 1788
III. Last state to accept Constitution = RI (5/29/90)
IV. Many states had waited for Federalists pledge to include Bill of Rights before ratifying
V. Bill of Rights finally passed by Congress 9/25/89, ratified Dec. 15, 1791.
The Final Victory
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