vistas 12.3, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2 subjunctive. indicative the indicative is the group of verb tenses...

Vistas 12.3, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2

Subjunctive

INDICATIVE

The Indicative is the group of verb tenses that reflect the certainty of an action.

• Imperfect Tense• Preterite Tense• Present Tense• Future Tense

SUBJUNCTIVE

The Subjunctive is the group of verb tenses that reflect the uncertainty of an action.

• Past Subjunctive• Present Subjunctive

The uncertainty is expressed in the main clause by a verb that reflects an opinion, doubt, or a request.

SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Main Clause + Conjunction + Subordinate Clause

Es importante que Eduardo estudie para el examen.

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending

Es bueno que nosotros hablemos español.

hable hablemos

hables habléis

hable hablen

coma comamos

comas comáis

coma coman

QUE +

QUE +

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber: Haya*

Es necesario que los menores sean respetuosos a los mayores.

sea seamos

seas seáis

sea sean

QUE +

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

Yo Forma Spelling Changers

Go verbs : GA• Decir• Salir• Poner• Venir• Hacer• Tener• Oír• Seguir (e-i)

Es urgente que vengas al hospital.

venga vengamos

vengas vengáis

venga vengan

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

YO Form Spelling Changers

zco verbs : ZCA• conducir• conocer• ofrecer• parecer• traducir

Es fantástico que nos ofrezcan esta oportunidad.

ofrezca ofrezcamos

ofrezcas ofrezcáis

cofrezca ofrezcan

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

Stem Changing Verbs

AR & ER Verbs• U-UE• O-UE• E-I• E-IE

Es fascinante que Pedro quiera aprender el japonés.

x

x

Nosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.

quiera queramos

quieras queráis

quiera quieran

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

Stem Changing Verbs

IR Verbs• O-UE• E-I• E-IE

Es imprecindible que todos duerman por lo menos 8 horas cada noche.

E-I / O-U

E-I / O-U

Nosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U

duerma durmamos

duermas durmáis

duerma duerman

FORMATION REVIEW

Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending

Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber : Haya

Spelling Changersgo verbs : GAzco verbs: ZCAger verbs: JA

Stem Changing VerbsAR & ER VerbsNosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.IR VerbsNosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U

SENTENCE STRUCTURE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE

In order to conjugate the verb in the subjunctive in the subordinate clause, the main clause must include a verb of:

• Wish

• Emotional reaction

• Impersonal Expression

• Request

• Doubt or denial

• Ojalá

• Speculation

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

• Es bueno / malo

• Es mejor / peor

• Es urgente

• Es importante

• Es necesario

These impersonal expressions reflect an opinion, which is subjective and therefore require the subjunctive.

Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano.

Present Subjunctiv

e

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

• Es cierto

• Es verdad

These impersonal expressions reflect fact, which is objective and therefore require the indicative.

Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano.

Present Indicative

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

• Es bueno / malo

• Es mejor / peor

• Es urgente

• Es importante

• Es necesario

These impersonal expressions are not followed by a conjunction, therefore are used with the Infinitive form of a verb.

Es importante ir a la escuela temprano.

InfinitiveX

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

Subjective: Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano.

Objective: Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano.

No Conjunction: Es importante ir a la escuela temprano.

VERBS OF WILL OR INFLUENCE

The subjunctive is used with verbs of will or influence because it is uncertain that the request or recommendation will be fulfilled.

ACONSEJAR to adviseDESEAR to wishIMPORTAR to matterINSISTIR EN to insistMANDAR to orderNECESITAR to need

PEDIR (e-i) to ask forPREFERIR (e-ie) to preferPROHIBIR to prohibitQUERER (e-ie) to wantRECOMENDAR (e-ie)

to recommendROGAR (o-ue) to begSUGERIR (e-ie) to suggest

SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE

WEIRDO + QUE + SUBJUNCTIVE

Must have a Conductor and a Passenger to leave the station

Must have a WEIRDOS as a Conductor Conjugate the verb AFTER que in the Subjunctive

WishEmotional reactionImpersonal ExpressionRequestDoubt or denialOjaláSpeculation

VERBS WITH IOPThese verbs are usually preceded by an IOP to whom or for whom the action is done.

ACONSEJAR

ME IMPORTAR

TE MANDAR

LE + PEDIR (e-i)

NOS PROHIBIR

OS RECOMENDAR (e-ie)

LES ROGAR (o-ue)

SUGERIR (e-ie)

Te recomiendo que hables con tu madre sobre este tema.

INFINITIVE INSTEAD OF SUBJUNCTIVE

The INFINITIVE is used instead of the SUBJUNCTIVE when there is no change of the subject.

No quiero hacer la tarea. VS. No quiero que tú hagas la tarea.

Paco prefiere comer tacos. VS. Paco prefiere que Maria coma los tacos.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION

Verbs of emotion reflect feelings and therefore are subjective requiring the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.

However in the absence of a subordinate clause, when a sentence only has one subject, the infinitive is used after a verb of emotion.

Siento que tú no puedas venir mañana.

Siento no poder venir mañana.

VERBS OF EMOTION

Alegrarse de

Esperar

Gustar *

Molestar *

Sentir (e-ie)

Soprender *

Temer

Tener miedo de

Es extraño

Es una lástima

Es rídiculo

Es terrible

Es triste

Ojalá (que)

SPECIAL CONJUGATION VERBS

GUSTAR, MOLESTAR, and SORPRENDER are conjugated on the 3rd person singular and the Indirect Object Pronoun represents the subject.

Me gusta que Marcelo me lleve a la escuela.

A Mariana le molesta que su perro orine en la alfombra.

Nos sorprende que no haya un examen hoy.

OJALÁ

Ojalá can be followed by QUE or not, but regardless it is followed by the Sujbunctive.

Ojalá (que) ganemos el partido este Viernes.

IN SHORTINDICATIVE The first verb always goes in the Indicative• Es importante, Espero, Le aconsejamos

INFINITIVE 2 verbs in a row (no commas, no “que” in between) use the infinitive• Quiero bailar, Les aconsejo bailar dos veces a la semana.

Impersonal Expressions not followed by “que” use the infinitive• Es importante bailar. Es divertido bailar

SUBJUNCTIVE Impersonal expression followed by “que”• Es importante que bailes el mambo.

2 different subjects split by “que” and the first verb is a WEIRDO• Espero que bailes el mambo conmigo.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF DOUBT OR DENIAL

Whenever a sentence express doubt or denial in the main clause, the subjunctive will be used the subordinate clause because it implies uncertainty.

However, if a sentence express certainty in the main clause, the indicative will also be used in the subordinate clause

• Doubt / Denial = SubjunctiveNo es cierto que vengan muchas personas a la fiesta

• Certainty = IndicativeEs cierto que vienen muchas personas a la fiesta.

EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT

• *Dudar

• *Negar (e-ie)

• *No creer / pensar

• *No estar seguro/a de

• *No es cierto

• *No es verdad

• *No es obvio

• Es (im)posible

• Es (im)probable

• To doubt

• To deny

• To not believe / think

• To not be sure

• To not be certain

• To not be true

• It is obvious

• To be (im)possible

• To be (im)probable

IMPORTANT NOTICE

The following verbs in their opposite form represent certainty and are followed by the indicative:

SUBJUNCTIVE*Dudar*Negar (e-ie)*No creer*No estar seguro/a de*No es cierto*No es verdad

INDICATIVENo dudarNo negar (e-ie)CreerEstar seguro/a deEs cierto queEs verdad que

WRAP YOUR MIND AROUND IT

If you think or believe it is certain, so • PENSAR and CREER in the affirmative form are followed by the

Indicative.

Pienso que es una buena idea ir al cine el Viernes.

Expressions involving possibility or probability are always uncertain, so • (No) es (im)posible and (No) es (im)probable are followed by the

Subjunctive.

Es imposible que yo reciba un coche de Navidad.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH CONJUNCTIONS

When stipulating a condition, you will need to use the subjunctive.

Cojunctions that require the Subjunctive• A menos que unless

• Antes (de) que before

• Con tal (de) que provided that

• En caso (de) que in case (that)

• Para que so that

• Sin que without

• Voy al cine a menos que tenga que trabajar.

CONJUCTIONS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE

If there is no change of subject, the following conjunctions are not followed by que + subjunctive, but by the infinitive.

ANTES DE PARA + INFINITIVESIN

Voy al cine antes de cenar.

CONJUNCTIONS WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR THE

INDICATIVE• The following conjunctions may be followed by the indicative or the

subjunctive depending on the time frame.

• Cuando when

• Despues de que after

• En cuanto as soon as

• Hasta que until

• Tan pronto como as soon as

TIME FRAMES

PAST ACTIONS

• Sentences that express completed actions in the past will use the Indicative.Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa.

HABITUAL ACTIONS

• Sentences that express habitual actions in the present will use the Indicative as well.

Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa.

ANTICIPATED / FUTURE ACTIONS

• Sentences that express anticipation of a future action will use the Subjunctive.

El proximo domingo voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.

SENTENCE STRUCTURES

PAST + CONJ + PAST

Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa.

PRESENT + CONJ + PRESENT

Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa.

COMMAND + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE

Ve al cine cuando tu padre llegue a casa.

FUTURE + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE

Voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.

13.1 THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Use the subjunctive in adjective clause when it refers to a person, place, thing or idea that either:

• DOES NOT EXIST or• IS UNCERTAIN or INDEFINITE

NON-EXISTENCE

En mi barrio, no hay una heladería que venda helado de mango.

VS.

En mi barrio, hay una heladería que vende helado de mango.

UNCERTAIN EXISTANCE

Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre Venezuela.

VS.

Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre Venezuela.

The article before the noun lets you know whether it certainly exists or not.

Definite articles (el, la, los, las) and Demonstrative Adjectives (este, ese, aquel)

express certainty of existence.

QUESTIONING THE EXISTENCE

If you are questioning the existence is because you are not certain and therefore the use of the subjunctive is necessary.

¿Hay una heladería que venda helado de mango?

PERSONAL A

When the direct object refers to a KNOWN person it must be preceded by the personal “a”.

Buscamos al empleado que habla japonés.

Vs.

Buscamos un empleado que hable japonés.

However if the direct object is alguien or nadie it is

always preceded by the personal “a”

Buscamos a alguien que hable japonés.

No conocemos a nadie que hable japonés.

13.2 NOSOTROS COMMANDS

These commands are used to give order or suggestions that include yourself and other people.

• The English equivalent is Let’s + verb. “Let’s dance”

• In Spanish there are two ways to form this type of command:

1. Vamos + a + infinitive “Vamos a bailar”2. Nosotros form of the Present Subjunctive “Bailemos”

FORMATION REVIEW

Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending

Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber : Haya

Spelling Changersgo verbs : GAzco verbs: ZCAger verbs: JA

Stem Changing VerbsAR & ER VerbsNosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.IR VerbsNosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U

NUANCES OF THE NOSOTROS COMMANDS

Affirmative Command for the verb “IR” –

Negative Command for the verb “IR” – NO VAYAMOS

PRONOUNS AND COMMANDS

• Pronouns are attached to the end of an affirmative command

Comprar un regalo a ellos¡Comprémoselo! (Not Comprémosselo)

• Pronouns are placed before a negative commandNo comprar un regalo a ellos¡No se lo compremos!

Accentsámosémos

REFLEXIVE VERBS

MONKEY VERBS

• In the affirmative form, drop the “S” before attaching the pronoun

¡Despertémonos temprano!

(despertemos – s = despertemo + nos)

• In the negative form, place the pronoun before the verb

¡No nos despertemos temprano!