vocabulary words

Vocabulary Words

Acceleration

The rate at which velocity is changing in magnitude, direction or

both

Average Speed

Path distance divided by time interval

Elapsed Time

Time that passed since the beginning of an event

Free Fall

Motion under the influence of the gravitational force

Instantaneous Speed

Speed at any instant of time

Rate

How much something changes per unit of time

Relative

Regarded in relation to something else

Speed

How fast something is moving, distance moved over time

Velocity

Speed together with the direction of motion

CHAPTER 3

COMPONENT

One of the vectors, often mutually perpendicular, whose sum is a resultant vector.

Projectile

An object that moves through the air or space acted on only by gravity.

Resolution

The process of determining the components of a vector.

Resultant

The vector sum of two or more component vectors.

Satellite

An object that falls around Earth or some other body rather than into it.

Scalar Quantity

A scaled amount only.

Vector

An arrow whose length represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity.

Vector Quantity

Includes a magnitude and direction.

KEY TERMS: CHAPTER 4

EQUILIBRIUM

In general, a state of balance

FORCE

ANY PUSH OR PULL

FRICTION

THE FORCE THAT RESISTS RELATIVE MOTION OF OBJECTS OR MATERIALS THAT ARE IN CONTACT

INERTIA

THE RELUCTANCE OF ANY BODY TO CHANGE ITS STATE OF MOTION

KILOGRAM

SI UNIT OF MOTION

LAW OF INERTIA

EVERY BODY CONTINUES IN ITS STATE OF REST OR MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE AT A CONSTANT SPEED UNLESS COMPELLED TO CHAGE THAT STATE BY A NET FORCE EXERTED UPON IT

MASS

THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT

NET FORCE

THE COMBINATION OF ALL OF THE FORCES THAT ACT ON AN OBJECT

NEWTON

SI UNIT OF FORCE

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW

THE LAW OF INERTIA

NORMAL FORCE

FOR AN OBJECT RESTING ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE THE UPWARD FORCE THAT BALANCES THE WEIGHT OF THE OBJECT

SUPPORT FORCE

FORCE THAT COMPLETELY BALANCES THE WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT AT REST

WEIGHT

THE FORCE ON A BODY DUE TO THE GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION OF ANOTHER BODY

CHAPTER 5Newton’s second law of motion- force and acceleration

Air resistance

Friction, or drag, that acts on something moving through the air.

Fluid

Anything that flows, in particular, any liquid or gas.

Free-body diagram

A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object.

Inversely

When two values change in opposite directions, so that if one is doubled the other is reduced to one half, they are said to be inversely proportional to each other.

Newton’s second law

The acceleration produced by a net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Pascal

The SI unit of pressure. One Pascal of pressure exerts a normal force of one Newton per square meter.

Pressure

Force per surface area where the force is normal to the surface; measured in Pascals.

Terminal Velocity

Terminal speed together with the direction (down for falling objects).

Terminal speed

The speed at which the acceleration of a falling object is zero because friction balances the weight.

CHAPTER SIXKey Terms

One of the pair of forces described in Newton’s Third Law

Action Force

A mutual action between objects where each object exerts an equal but opposite force on the other

Interaction

Whenever one body exerts a force on another body the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first

Newton’s Third Law

The force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction to the action force, which acts simultaneously on whatever is exerting the action force

Reaction Force

MOMENTUMChapter 7 Vocabulary

CONSERVED

Electric charge that remains unchanged during interactions

ELASTIC COLLISION

Colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or heat generation

IMPULSEProduct of force and time interval during which force acts

INELASTIC COLLISION

Colliding objects become distorted and\or generate heat during the collision

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

Absence of a net external force, the momentum of an object or system of objects is unchanged

MOMENTUM (LINEAR MOMENTUM)

Product of mass and the velocity of an object-Has Magnitude and direction

ENERGYChapter 8 Vocabulary

EFFICIENCYUseful work output divided by the total work input

ENERGYEnables an object to do something

FULCRUMPivot point

JOULESI unit of work

KINETIC ENERGY

Energy of motion equal to half the mass, multiplied by the speed squared

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Energy can’t be created or destroyed

LEVERMachine made of bar that turns about a fixed point

MACHINE

Device used to multiple forces or simply to change direction of forces

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGERatio of output force to the input

MECHANICAL ENERGYEnergy due to position or movement of something

POTENTIAL ENERGYStored and held in readiness

POWER

Rate at which work is done or energy is transformed, equal to the work done or energy transformed divided by time

-Measured in Watts

PULLEYKind of lever used to change direction of a force

WATTSI unit of power

WORK

The product of a force of an object and the distance through which the object is moved

WORK-ENERGY THEOREMStates that whenever work is done, energy changes

CHAPTER 9

Shawna Foyle, Brittany Pyeritz, Mark Shandrick

AXiS

The straight line around which an object may rotate or revolve. A horizontal or vertical reference line in

a graph

CENTRiFUGAL FORCE

• The outward force on a rotating or revolving body- Fictitious (made up)

CENTRiPETAL FORCE

• The center directed force that causes an object to move in a curved path

Linear Speed

• The path of distance moved per unit of time

- Aka speed

Revolution

• Motion of an object turning around an axis outside the object

Rotation

•The spinning motion that takes place when an object rotates about an axis

- Located within the object

Rotational Speed

• The number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time- Measured in revolutions per minute

- RPM

Tangential Speed

•The speed of an object moving around a circular path

CHAPTER 10

Center of Gravity

• Point at the center of an objects weight distribution where the force of gravity can be considered to act

Center of Mass

• Point at the center of an objects mass distribution where all its mass can be

considered to be concentrated

Neutral Equilibrium

• The state of an object balanced so any small movement neither raises nor

lowers its center of gravity

Stable Equilibrium

• The state of an object balanced so that any small displacement or rotation raises

the center of gravity

Unstable Equilibrium

The state of an object balance so any small displacement or rotation lowers

center of gravity

VOCAB FOR CHPT. !!-!2

By Steve SchottNick Pesanka&Jake Pulsifer

Ch. 11

Angular momentum

Ch. 11

The production of rotational inertia

and rotational velocity.

Ch. 11

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

Ch. 11

If no unbalanced external torque acts on a rotating system the angular momentum of

that system is constant.

Ch. 11

LEVER ARM

Ch. 11

The perpendicular distance between an axis and the line of

action of a force that tends to produce

rotation about the axis.

Ch. 11

Linear momentum

Ch. 11

Product of the mass and the velocity of an object, a.k.a. momentum

Ch. 11

Rotational inertia

Ch.11

The reluctance of an object to change its

state of rotation, determined by the distribution of the mass of the object

in the location of the axis of rotation or

revolution.

Ch. 11

Rotational Velocity

Ch. 11

Rotational speed together with a direction for the axis of

rotation or revolution.

Ch. 11

The rotational analog of force is _______.

Hint:Tends to produce

rotational acceleration.

Ch. 11

Torque

DUH.

Moving to Ch. 12

Inverse Square law

Ch. 12

The weakening of gravity

with distance.

Ch. 12

Which law states that:

Every object attracts every other object with a force that for any two objects is directly proportional to the mass of

each object.

Ch. 12

Law of universal

gravitation

Ch. 12

Perturbation

Ch.12

The deviation of an orbiting object from its path around a center of

force caused by the action of an additional

center of force.

Ch. 12

Universal Gravitational

Constant

Ch.12

A constant G in the equation for Newton’s

law of universal gravitation; measures the strength of gravity.

CH 32& 33. Holl Ball Madeja&Kelsey Lloyd

Electrical Forces.

A force that one charge exerts on another.

Electrostatics.

Electricity at rest.

Charge.

The attracting and repelling behavior.

Conservation of Charge.

Charge is not created or destroyed but can be transferred.

Coulomb’s Law.

F = k q1 – q2 / d^2

Coulomb.

SI unit for charge.

Conductors.

Good for the motion of electrical charges.

Insulators.

Poor conductors of electricity.

Semiconductors.

Behaves sometimes as insulators& sometimes as conductors.

Superconductors.

At temps near absolute zero these materials require infinite conductivity.

Induced.

Electrical charge that distributes on another object because of a nearby charge.

Induction.

The charging of an object without direct conduct.

Grounding.

Allowing charges to move freely along a connection between a conductor and the ground.

Electrically Polarized.

Charges are aligned so that one side is slightly more positive than negative.

Electric field.

A force field around every electrical charge or any group of charges.

Electrical Potential Energy.

Energy a charge has due to it’s location in an electric field.

Electric Potential.

Electric potential energy per coulomb at a location in an electric field.

Volt.

SI unit for electric potential.

Voltage.

Electric potential.

Capacitor.

A device where electrical energy can be stored.

Alternating CurrentAc current that repeatedly changes direction

AmpereSI unit for electrical current

DiodeAn electircal device that restricts the current

to flow in one direction

Direct CurrentDc current that moves in only one direction

Electric CurrentThe flow of electric charge, measured in amps

Electric PowerThe rate at which electrical energy in

converted into another form of energy

Electric ResistanceResistance of a material to the flow of an

electric current

OhmSI unit for electrical current

Ohm’s Law

The Statement that the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the

voltage impressed across the circuit, and is inversely proportional to the

resistance of the circiuit

Potential DifferenceThe difference in electrical potential

CircuitAny Path along which electrons can flow

In ParallelForms branches that electrical current can

travel along to get to the devices

In SeriesSingle path for the flow of electricity

Parallel CircuitDevices that are connected to the same

two spots so that the current can flow through each device individually

Schematic DiagramA diagram of a circuit that uses symbols to

show devices

Series CircuitA circuit that in which the flow of electricity

must flow through each device in turn