wednesday, may 20 return ch. 14 personality test mini-retakes for those who need it ch. 18...

Wednesday, May 20Return Ch. 14 Personality Test

Mini-retakes for those who need it

Ch. 18 Reading/Vocabulary Grid

Due Tuesday, May 26

Tuesday, May 19Ch. 14 Personality Test

Learning Targets:Explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Analyze people’s personality in terms of which part of the personality is most dominant

Identify which defense mechanism is used in various examples

Discuss Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of development and describe the effects of fixation on behavior

Explain the characteristics of humanistic approach

Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and summarize his concept of self-actualization.

Monday, May 18Return Personality Key Terms

Personality Review Jeopardy

Ch. 14 Test: Tuesday: 5/19

Learning TargetsExplain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Analyze people’s personality in terms of which part of the personality is most dominant

Identify which defense mechanism is used in various examples

Discuss Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of development and describe the effects of fixation on behavior

Explain the characteristics of humanistic approach

Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and summarize his concept of self-

actualization.

Thursday, May 13Collect Personality Key Concepts and Terms

Complete Discussion of Humanism (Maslow)

Card Sort

Review Kahoot

Ch. 14 Test: Tuesday: 5/19

Learning Target: Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and summarize his concept of self-actualization.

Wednesday, May 13

Complete Discussion of Freud

Begin Discussing Humanism

Key Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due: Thursday, May 14Ch. 14 Test: Monday, May 18Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Tuesday, May 12Complete Freud Review and DiscussDiscuss the Three Levels of the MindDiscuss Freud’s Dream TheoryKey Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due: Thursday, May 14Ch. 14 Test: Friday, May 15Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Monday, May 11Return Ch. 14 Vocabulary

Collect Defense Mechanism Worksheet

Discuss Psychosexual Stages

Card Sort`

Formative Assessment: Complete Freud Review

Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of each of the psychosexual stages.

Friday, May 8Collect Ch. 14 Vocabulary

Cat in the Hat CER

Discuss Psychosexual Stages

Defense Mechanism Worksheet due Monday, May 11

Learning Target: • Be able to assess a claim, its evidence and the supporting

reasoning

• Analyze people’s personality in terms of which part of the personality is most dominant

• Discuss Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of development and describe the effects of fixation on behavior

Wednesday, May 7Defense Mechanism BINGO Review

Discuss Psychosexual StagesCh. 14 Vocabulary W.S due Friday, 5/8Defense Mechanism Worksheet: Due Mon. 5/11

Learning Targets: Identify which defense mechanism is used in various examples and explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Wednesday, May 6Discussion of Defense Mechanisms

Defense Mechanism Worksheet: Due Monday, May 11Ch. 14 Vocabulary W.S

due Friday, 5/8

Learning Target: Identify which defense mechanism is used in various examples

Tuesday, May 5Define PersonalityDiscuss Three Parts of the PersonalityPsychology PlayhouseHomework: Ch. 14 Vocabulary W.S

due Friday, 5/8Learning Target: Analyze people’s personality in terms of which part of the personality is most dominant

Wednesday, May 7

Introduce Personality

Take Personality Inventory

Homework: Personality Vocabulary (this is a MANDATORY assignment due Friday, 5/9)

Learning Target: Define personality and explain the characteristics of the trait approach

Tuesday, May 20Evaluate Freud’s TheoryCompare and Contrast Humanism and PsychoanalysisDiscuss Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsCard SortDiscuss RogersActivityKey Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due: Wednesday, May 21(This is an OPTIONAL assignment)Ch. 14 Test: Friday, May 23Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of humanistic approach

Chapter 14: Personality

Personality: An individual’s unique, consistent, patterned methods of behaving in relation to the environment

What words are important in that definition?

• Unique

• Consistent

• Pattern

1) The Trait Approach

Trait: a relatively enduring personal characteristic• Some important trait theorists are:

• Gordon Allport

• Raymond Cattell

• Hans Eysenck

Orange Personality:

Things that frustrate oranges: Things oranges do to frustrate others:

·        Rules and laws ·        Ignoring rules

·        Same routine ·        Being undisciplined

·        Deadlines ·        Lack of planning

·        Paperwork ·        Being quick-tempered

·        Lack of adventure ·        Thinking out loud

·        Too much structure ·        Impulse buying

Blue Personality:

Things that frustrate blues: Things blues do to frustrate others:

·        Lying ·        Lack of planning

·        Violence ·        Being passive

·        Personal rejection ·        Avoiding conflict

·        Lack of communication

·        Suppressing problems

·        Lack of close friends ·        Being too generous

·        Sarcasm ·        Being overly sentimental

Green Personality:

Things that frustrate greens: Things greens do to frustrate others:

·        Routine ·        Not being sociable

·        Small-talk ·        Living in the future

·        Plagiarism ·        Being wordy

·        Illogical arguments ·        Blowing up when criticized

·        Social functions ·        Not going with the flow

·        Incompetence ·        Being too independent

Things that frustrate golds: Things golds do to frustrate others:

·        Irresponsibility ·        Control freak

·        Lack of planning ·        Being bossy and controlling

·        Lack of discipline ·        Working long hours

·        Laziness ·        Being obsessive

·        High risk taking ·        Being judgmental

·        Illegal behavior ·        Planning for everything

Gold Personality:

Differing Conflict Styles Inventory

5 styles of managing conflicts

Withdrawing

Forcing

Smoothing

Compromising

Confronting

Withdrawing (The Turtle) Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid

conflicts. They give up their personal goals and relationships. They stay away from issues over which the conflict is taking place and from the persons they are in conflict with. Turtles believe it is hopeless to try and resolve a conflict, They prefer to withdraw from

a conflict rather than face it.

Forcing (The Shark)Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict. Their goals are highly important to them, and relationships are of minor importance. They seek to achieve their goals at all costs. They are not concerned with the needs of others. They do not care if others like or accept them. Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing. They want to be the winner. Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement. Losing gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure. They try to win by attacking, overpowering, and intimidating others.

Smoothing (The Teddy Bear)To teddy bears the relationship is of great importance while their own goals are of little importance. They want to be accepted and liked by others. They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony and that people cannot discuss conflicts without damaging relationships. They are afraid that if the conflict continues, someone will get hurt. They give up their goals to preserve the relationship. Teddy bears try to smooth over the conflict out of fear of harming the relationship.

Compromising (The Fox)Foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and their relationships with others. Foxes seek a compromise: they give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his/her goals. They seek a conflict solution in which both sides gain something-the middle ground between two extreme positions. They are willing to sacrifice part of their goals and relationships in order to find agreement.

Confronting (The Owl)Owls highly value their own goals and relationships. They view conflicts as problems to be solved and seek a solution that achieves both their own goals and the goals of the other person. Owls see conflicts as a means of improving relationships by reducing tension between two people. They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem. Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves the goals of both people involved. Also, they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Background

• Victorian Era• Prim and Proper

• Position

• View on sex

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Id, Ego, Superego (three parts of the personality)

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

ID

Ego

Superego

Freud believed that the 3 parts of the personality overlapped and should not be separated and analyzed separately. He believed one was an outgrowth of the other.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Id: The part of the personality that emerges first. When we are an infant we are almost all Id• Pleasure Principle: the Id is hedonistic.

It seeks pleasure and avoids pain

• Energy Source: the Id is the major source for all psychological energy

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Id• Drives and Instincts: basic inborn needs

• Libido: the sex drive

• Aggression:

• Thanatos: the death instinct

• Eros: love for life

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Id• Primary Process: the need for

immediate and instant gratification

2) The Psychoanalytic ApproachEgo: the second part of the personality to emerge. It is more logical and practical than the id• Reality Principle: the ego’s awareness of the external world

• Secondary Process: the ability to delay gratification

2) The Psychoanalytic ApproachSuper Ego: The sense of morality• Ego Ideal: the child’s perception of what they think their parents think is morally good• Conscience: the child’s perception of what they think their parents think is morally bad

Defense Mechanisms

See Handout

Defense Mechanisms

Definitions• The Ego’s way of satisfying the id without

overstepping the bounds of the superego

• The Ego’s unconscious attempt to defend against our anxiety

Defense Mechanisms

Four aspects of all defense mechanisms• They are all unconscious

• They all involve self-deception

• They all give us time to get over anxiety producing events in our life

• They are all normal methods of dealing with our anxiety if……

NAME OF DEFENSE MECHANISM

DEFINITION EXAMPLE

RATIONALIZATIONSweet LemonsSour Grapes

We give ourselves false reassurances about an anxiety producing experience in order to reduce our anxiety.What we have we love and think is greatWhat we can’t have we tell ourselves we didn’t want anyway.

REACTION FORMATION

We act in a manner that is completely opposite of how we are truly feeling.

REPRESSION Unconsciously blocking unpleasant or anxiety producing thoughts from consciousness.

*SUPPRESSION When we consciously avoid thinking about something.

NAME OF DEFENSE

MECHANISM

DEFINITION EXAMPLE

PROJECTION The tendency to see in others the undesirable traits and qualities that we possess.

IDENTIFICATION Identifying with a group by taking on some of their behaviors.

DISPLACEMENT Taking our anxiety out on other, safer objects.

SUBLIMATION We find socially acceptable ways to fulfill socially unacceptable urges.

REGRESSION Returning to earlier modes of dealing with anxiety.

FANTASY/DREAMS/ESCAPE

Avoiding anxiety by escaping into a fantasy/dream world

UNDOING Reducing anxiety by making amends for unethical thoughts or deeds.

COMPENSATION We pursue success in one area to reduce our anxiety about our failure in another.

DENIAL Defending against anxiety-producing realities by failing to perceive or recognize them.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Stages of Development: Freud believed that an individual develops through a series of five Psychosexual Stages. Each of these stages was associated with the part of the body that gave the individual the most pleasure at that time.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Oral Stage (Birth – 18 months)

Pleasure comes from the

mouth—sucking, biting,

chewing

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Anal Stage (18 months-3 years old):

Pleasure focuses on bowel

and bladder function;

the child must cope with

demands for control

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Fixation: Being stuck in a psychosexual stages.

Fixation can occur because of either too much or too little pleasure in a stage.

2) The Psychoanalytic ApproachAnal Retentive: The anal retentive person is neat, orderly, organized, and overly concerned with CONTROL

This is caused by too strict of toilet training resulting in a lack of pleasure

Anal Expulsive: The anal expulsive person is messy, disorganized,

It is caused by too lax toilet training resulting in too much pleasure

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Phallic Stage (3-6 years):

The pleasure zone is

the genitals; the

child must cope with

incestuous feelings

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Oedipus Complex:

A pattern described by Freud

in which a boy has sexual

desire for his mother and

wants to eliminate his

father’s competition for

her attention

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Latency Stage (6 years old-puberty):

During this stage sexual impulses stay in the background as the child focuses on education, same-sex

peer play, and the

development of social

skills

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Genital Stage (Puberty- )

It is during this stages that sexual impulses appear at the conscious level

Psychosexual Stages Card SortOral Stage• Infancy-18 months

• First psychosexual stage

• Sucking

• Fixation: a person with a bad pen-biting habit

Anal Stage• 18 months-2 ½

• Second psychosexual stage

• Controlling bodily functions and self-control

• Fixation: a person that is obsessed with control and organization

Psychosexual Stages Card SortPhallic Stage• Ages 3-6

• Third psychosexual stage

• Learning gender differences

• May attach feelings to parent of the opposite sex

• Fixation: weak/confused sexual identity

Latency Stage• Ages 6-puberty

• Fourth psychosexual stage

• Development of social skills

• Mostly same sex friendships

• No major conflicts during this stage

Psychosexual Stages Card Sort

Genital Stage• During puberty

• Fifth psychosexual stage

• Sexual urges become more focused

• Gender identity becomes more clear

• Unresolved conflicts from previous stages emerge

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Three Levels of the Mind

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Conscious:

All our thoughts and perceptions of which we are currently aware

2) The Psychoanalytic ApproachPreconscious: A level of mental activity that is not currently conscious but of which we can easily become conscious

Examples: memories, stored knowledge

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Unconscious: Region of the mind that is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, desires, feelings, and painful memories

Examples: immoral urges, violent motives, shameful experiences, selfish needs, fears, drives, etc.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Freud’s Dream Theory• Why do we dream? We dream to fulfill

unconscious, socially unacceptable urges

• What’s the problem with dreaming openly? If we dreamed openly we would have the same anxiety and embarrassment as we would if we consciously thought about it

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

How do we disguise our dreams?• Symbols: Something that stands for

something elsehttp://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/psychology/02.TU.04/?section=13

• Displacement: When we shift our attention away from the true meaning of the dream onto a seemingly insignificant part

2) The Psychoanalytic ApproachTwo types of dream content• Manifest Content: The part of the dream

we can recall. The plot line of the dream. The surface/literal meaning of the dream

• Latent Content: The true hidden meaning of the dream, which can only be discovered through dream interpretation and by analyzing the symbols and stripping away the displacement

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Neo-Freudians: Followers of Freud who kept the main points of his theory but proposed changes. Some noted Neo-Freudians are:• Carl Jung

• Alfred Adler

• Karen Horney

• Erik Erikson

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Carl Jung (Analytical Psychology): He agreed with Freud about the importance of early childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious. However, he was less pessimistic than Freud and more spiritual

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Personal Unconscious:Like Freud’s unconscious, it is unique to each of us and contains our repressed memories, our drives and instincts, etc.Collective Unconscious: Our inherited, dim memory of our inherited ancestral past

We basically all have the same collective unconscious

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Introvert: An introvert is a person whose thoughts and feelings are directed inward. He/she withdraws interest from external world and typically spends little time interacting with others

Extrovert: An extrovert is an outgoing individual who wants to interact with others and stay in touch with events in the outside world. They are out-going, sociable, and excitement-seeking

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Alfred Adler (Individual Psychology):• Feelings of Inferiority

• Inferiority Complex

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Karen Horney: Objected to the male bias in Freud’s theory• Basic Anxiety:

• Basic Hostility:

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach

Erik Erikson vs. Freud

3) Humanistic Approach

Humanism vs. Psychoanalysis

Optimistic

Non-mechanistic

Here-and-now

3) Humanistic ApproachMaslow’s Humanistic

PsychologyIf you want a healthy psychology, study healthy people. If you want a sick psychology, study sick people

3) Humanistic Approach

Deficiency Orientation: A preoccupation with a perceived need for

material things.

People coming to perceive life as disappointing and boring

3) Humanistic Approach

Growth Orientation:

People with a growth

orientation do not focus

on what is missing,

instead they are satisfied

with what they have, are,

and can do

3) Humanistic Approach

3) Humanistic Approach

Characteristics of a Self-Actualized Person

• Accepting of self & reality• Spontaneous• Creative• Has quality relationships• Lives in the moment• Takes calculated risks

Food Shelter Water Clothing Sleep

Protection Law & Order

Limits Stability Financial Security

Family Affection Relationships Work Groups

Teams

Achievement Status Responsibility Reputation Confidence

Personal Growth

Fulfillment Self-sufficiency

Authenticity “Becoming all you can

be”

3) Humanistic Approach

Roger’s Self Theory • Fully Functioning Person

(FFP): A person has an

innate tendency toward

realizing his/her

potentialities

3) Humanistic Approach

Self-Concept:

The way one thinks

about oneself• Congruence

3) Humanistic ApproachUnconditional Positive Love/Regard: a child will develop a positive self-concept if parents and authority figures provide acceptance of the child regardless of his/her actions

Conditions of Worth: judgments about the kinds of behaviors that will bring approval from others