w.h. the cold war (2)

THE COLD WARUnited States vs. Russia

Beginning

The BasicsWho What When Where Why

United States

and Soviet Union

War of ideas. Each

country tried to outdo each

other in many areas

1945-1991

World Soviet Union

CommunismWanted

security and the US wanted

freedom for all countries

The BasicsWho What When Where Why

United States

and Soviet Union

War of ideas. Each

country tried to outdo each

other in many areas

1945-1991

First in Eastern Europe-but it

spread through

the World

Soviet Union

wanted security

(Communism)

The US wanted freedom for all.

Eastern Europe

United States Soviet Union

Liberated nations-self determination

NO!!!!!

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Military Alliances

United States Soviet Union

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Formed between Western Europe and

US

Warsaw Pact – alliance between

Eastern Europe and Soviet Union

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Marshall Plan

Meanwhile, Europe is in a mess—politically, socially and economically. The US said “ a healthy Europe is good for the US”. Why?

So the US committed 25 million dollars to the rebuilding of Western Europe—the Soviets would not allow Eastern Europe to rebuild.

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

Containment / Truman Doctrine

United States Soviet Union

Policy to keep the Soviets and

communism in their borders

Wanted to spread communism

Containment

Germany-would be divided into 4 Zones

Berlin

United States Soviet Union

Controlled the western side with

France and England. Democratic .

Controlled the eastern side.

Communist. Put up a wall to keep people

from escaping to the west.

Berlin

Middle

Arms Race

United States Soviet Union

Build up army and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union

Build up army and weapons to compete

with the US

Both sides viewed the building up of an army and weapons as a way to keep the world safe so they

would be ready if their country was attacked

The Cold War Reaches Asia

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China turns to Communism

After WWII China resumed its Civil War between communist forces led by Mao Zedong and Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek. The US sent money to Chiang kai-shek to prevent the spread of Communism. But in the end the Communist prevailed and China became a communist country.

The Korean War, 1950-1953

Korean War

United States Soviet Union

Helped South Korea keep the Communist

North Korean government from

invading and taking over

Supported the North Korea and gave them

supplies

Korean War

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

United States Soviet Union

Worried that the missiles in Cuba were going to be used on

the US

Put missiles in Cuba

Soviets agreed to dismantle the missiles after much negotiations and the US agreed to

dismantle some of their missiles in Turkey

Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War

Vietnam War

United States Soviet UnionTried to help South Vietnam from being

invaded by Communist North

Vietnam. Effort failed.

Gave military support

Vietnam War

Space Race

United States Soviet Union1st man on the moon

in 1969Launched Sputnik in

1957

End

Leaders

United States Soviet UnionRonald Reagan – called Soviets an

“evil empire”. Negotiated nuclear arms treaties and

used economic policies to bring about the end of

communism

Mikhail Gorbachev- Soviet leader who altered policies to

allow private ownership and more democratic policies

Detente

United States Soviet Union

Viewed as an act of expansion of communism

Invaded Afghanistan and brought an end

to peace

A relaxation of tensions between both countries brought on by a new leader in the Soviet Union and an

agreement to limit the nuclear weapons

Detente

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Treaties-S.trategic A.rms L.imitation T.alks

Salt Negotiations Intermediate Long Range Nuclear Forces

TreatyReduce nuclear

proliferationEliminated nuclear and conventional ground launched

ballistic and cruise missiles

End of the Cold War

Soviet Leader Gorbachev sought to preserve Communism but established some reforms:

Glasnost: “openness”-more freedoms were allowed

Perestroika: economic “restructuring” New Direction in Foreign Policy-

Eastern Countries were permitted to hold free democratic elections

End of the Cold War

Rebellions began to overthrow communist regimes. Germany was unified and the

Soviet Union dissolved.

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End of the Cold War