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What were the main causes of

the civil war?

By the end of this lesson can you…

Define democracy, civil war, revolution, tyrant, absolute

monarch, divine right of kings

Describe the actions and characteristics of James I and

Charles I

Explain the main causes of the English Civil War

Definition Activity

Round 1: Definition

Round 2: Examples

Round 3: Non-examples

Round 4: A sentence using the word

Round 5: Connections/details

The Stuart Kings

The Divine Right of Kings: what did this mean?

James I of England

King of Scotland for 20 years before becoming king of England

Always short of money: tried to find money without consulting parliament

Promoted English literature: King James Bible

Appointed favourites to positions of power

Charles I of England

Would not compromise with parliament

Willing to be “tyrant”

Extravagant

Constant conflict with Puritans

England’s Parliament

• Two “houses”

– House of Commons: wealthy landowners

– House of Lords: nobles, church officials

Monarch could call/dismiss parliament

England’s Parliament

• 1215: Magna Carta

– Recognized individual rights and freedoms

– Required king to consult elected parliament

– King had to obey laws of the land

Causes: Source Analysis

Activity

Read: Read your documents

Discuss: Discuss them as a group- ask me if

there is something you don’t understand

Write: List the concerns

Share: Choose one group member who will

share your list with us (or take turns for each

point)

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

English Civil War

What happened during and after

the English Civil War?

Roundheads vs. Cavaliers

• Supported Charles I

• Noble families: used to riding & fighting

• Had experienced commanders

• Parliament’s troops

• Farmers/townspeople

• New Model Army led by Cromwell

• Controlled navy & S. England

• Royalists (cavaliers) defeated at Battle of Naseby (1645)

• Charles signed agreement with Scottish

• Invaded England: defeated, Charles captured

• Charles was found guilty of treason

• Beheaded in 1649

Video

• 1649: Charles beheaded. Monarchy and House of Lords abolished

• Republic: Commonwealth of England – A government where

there is no king; power rests in the citizens who vote to elect leaders

• Puritan

• Military leader

• Got rid of parliament

• Military dictator

• Unpopular

• Strict laws

The Restoration and Glorious

Revolution

Video

• Monarchy restored

• Charles II

• Constitutional Monarch

• But tried to influence who was elected...

• “Fun” again

Video

• Catholic

• Divine Right

• Rebellions and anti-Catholic riots

• “Reign of terror”- many executed

• Created large army

• Catholics in power positions

James II

• People didn’t want Catholic monarchy...

• William and Mary arrived (Protestant)

• James II gave up throne

• William and Mary agreed to Bill of Rights (1689)

– Limited monarch’s power

– No more absolute monarchy

• Catholics in Ireland not happy...

• Under Protestant rule

• Continued to fight against this rule (1990s)

• Bill of Rights: statement of democratic rights

• No more absolute monarch: had to consent parliament

• “Foundation for democracy”

• Steps towards constitutional monarchy

• Political reform/better government BUT still needed social reforms....

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